Walden: Economy

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Walden: Economy

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  • Princeton_Ed: Princeton Ed. of Walden
  • Version_A: Walden, Version A (1847)
  • Version_B: Walden, Version B (1849)
  • Version_C: Walden, Version C (1849)
  • Version_D: Walden, Version D (1852)
  • Version_E: Walden, Version E (late 1852 - 1853)
  • Version_F: Walden, Version F (1853-1854)
  • Version_G: Walden, Version G (1854)

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XVersion
Economy n
Note: There is no chapter title. The leaves of the manuscript are numbered from 1 to 51 in the upper right hand corner of the recto of each odd-numbered leaf. Several unnumbered leaves were added after or deleted before the pages were numbered. (R. Clapper)
n
Note: The chapter title was inserted at the top of the leaf in C that contains the opening paragraph. The combined leaves of B and C are numbered from 1 to 123 in the upper right hand corner of the recto of each odd-numbered leaf. Several unnumbered leaves were deleted from the manuscript before the pages were numbered. A few leaves from A were not recopied but inserted among the leaves of B-C and renumbered to fit the new sequence. A half-dozen leaves from the early stages of D were also numbered to fit the sequence. (R. Clapper)
1
Economy 1 written: C

(Ronald Clapper)
At the time When I wrote the following pages were written or rather the bulk of them, When I wrote the following pages, or rather the bulk of them, When I wrote the following pages, or rather the bulk of them, When I wrote the following pages, or rather the bulk of them, When I wrote the following pages, or rather the bulk of them, When I wrote the following pages, or rather the bulk of them, I lived alone, in the woods, a mile from any neighbor, in a house of my own building which I had built myself, which I had built myself, which I had built myself, which I had built myself, which I had built myself, which I had built myself, on the shore of Walden Pond, in Concord, Massachusetts, and earned my living by the labor of my hands exclusively only. only. only. only. only. only. I lived there two years and two months. At present I am a sojourner in civilized life again.
2a
Economy 2a written: A rewritten: C, C

(Ronald Clapper)
I should not presume to talk so much about myself and my affairs as I shall in this lecture book work book presume to talk so much about myself and my affairs as I shall in this lecture book work book obtrude myself and my affairs so much on the notice of my readers obtrude my affairs so much on the notice of my readers obtrude my affairs so much on the notice of my readers obtrude my affairs so much on the notice of my readers obtrude my affairs so much on the notice of my readers obtrude my affairs so much on the notice of my readers if very particular and personal particular particular particular particular particular particular particular inquiries had not been made by my townsmen by my townsmen by my townsmen by my townsmen by my townsmen by my townsmen concerning my mode of life, what what what which which which which which which some would call impertinent, but they are by no means impertinent to me, but on the contrary very natural and pertinent, considering the circumstances . but they are by no means impertinent to me, but on the contrary very natural and pertinent, considering the circumstances . though they do not appear to me at all impertinent to me, but on the contrary considering the circumstances very natural and pertinent , considering the circumstances. though they do not appear to me at all impertinent, but, considering the circumstances, very natural and pertinent. though they do not appear to me at all impertinent, but, considering the circumstances, very natural and pertinent. though they do not appear to me at all impertinent, but, considering the circumstances, very natural and pertinent. though they do not appear to me at all impertinent, but, considering the circumstances, very natural and pertinent. though they do not appear to me at all impertinent, but, considering the circumstances, very natural and pertinent. Some have wished to know wished to know wished to know asked asked asked asked asked asked what I got to eat; if I did not feel kind o’ lonesome; kind o’ lonesome; kind o’ lonesome; lonesome; lonesome; lonesome; lonesome; lonesome; if I was not afraid—what I should do if I were taken sick; afraid—what I should do if I were taken sick; afraid—what I should do if I were taken sick; afraid afraid afraid afraid afraid and the like. Others have been inquisitive to know curious to learn curious to learn curious to learn curious to learn curious to learn curious to learn curious to learn what portion of my income I devoted to charitable purposes; and and and and and and and and some, who have large families, how many poor children I maintained. Some have not come to my house because I lived there. Others have come—Because I lived there—and others again, Because I lived there. After I lectured here to my townsmen last winter I heard that some had expected that I would answer some of these questions in my lecture. maintained. maintained. maintained. maintained. maintained. maintained. maintained. So I must ask all strangers and all who have little or no interest in me in this audience among my readers So I must ask all strangers and all who have little or no interest in me in this audience among my readers So I will therefore ask all strangers, and those of my readers who feel no interest in me among my readers I will therefore ask those of my readers who feel no particular interest in me I will therefore ask those of my readers who feel no particular interest in me I will therefore ask those of my readers who feel no particular interest in me I will therefore ask those of my readers who feel no particular interest in me I will therefore ask those of my readers who feel no particular interest in me to pardon me if I undertake to answer them in part now. I warn you that I shall brag a good deal more than is according to the rules of good taste—shall brag for you as well as for myself—trusting that God will grant me an eternity to fulfill some things in. Taste and I parted company long ago. them in part now. I warn you that I shall brag a good deal more than is according to the rules of good taste—shall brag for you as well as for myself—trusting that God will grant me an eternity to fulfill some things in. Taste and I parted company long ago. r
Revision note: C1: these questions in part now. I warn you that I shall brag a good deal more than is according to the received rules of good taste—shall brag for you as well as for myself.
some of these questions in part now this book.
some of these questions in this book. some of these questions in this book. some of these questions in this book. some of these questions in this book. some of these questions in this book.
In most lectures or and stories books lectures or and stories books r
Revision note: C1: lectures and books
books, and lectures
books, books, books, books, books,
the I , or first person, is omitted; in this it will be inserted inserted r
Revision note: C1: inserted
inserted retained;
retained; retained; retained; retained; retained;
that, in respect to egotism, is the main difference. We are not apt to are not apt to r
Revision note: C1: are not apt to do not usually
commonly do not usually
commonly do not commonly do not commonly do not commonly do not commonly do not
remember that it is, after all, always the first person that is speaking. 2b
Economy 2b written: B rewritten: C, C
B: I should not talk so much … narrowness of my experience was interlined in pencil in B, copied in C and recopied when a fair copy was made of all of Economy 2b.

(Ronald Clapper)
I should not talk so much about myself if there were any body else whom I knew as well. I am unluckily Unfortunately I am unluckily Unfortunately, I am Unfortunately, I am Unfortunately, I am Unfortunately, I am Unfortunately, I am confined to this theme by the narrowness of my experience. I, Moreover I for my own part, Moreover, I, on my side, Moreover, I, on my side, Moreover, I, on my side, Moreover, I, on my side, Moreover, I, on my side, require of a writer or lecturer that he give me, a every writer that he give me, every writer, first or last, every writer, first or last, every writer, first or last, every writer, first or last, every writer, first or last, a simple and sincere account of his own life, what he has done and thought, whatever that may have been and not so much and not so much rather than and not merely and not merely and not merely and not merely and not merely what he has heard of other men’s lives; some such account as he would send to his kindred from a distant land; and and for for for for for for if he has lived sincerely, it must have been in a distant land to me, —describing even his outward circumstances and what adventures he has had, as well as his thoughts and feelings about them—I want him to that he give me that which is most precious to him, not his life’s blood but even that for which his life’s blood circulated—what he has got by living. If anything has yielded him pure pleasure or instruction, let him communicate it. Let the money-getter tell us how much he loves wealth, and what means he takes to accumulate it. He must describe those facts which he knows and loves better than any body else— He must should not write on Foreign Missions. The mechanic will naturally write about his trade, the farmer about his farm, and every man about that which he, compared to other men, understands better than other men others. Yet incredible mistakes are made. I have heard an owl lecture with a perverse show of learning upon on the solar microscope, and Chanticlere upon on nebulous stars, when both ought to should naturally have been sound asleep, the one in a hollow tree, the other upon his roost. me—describing even his outward circumstances and what adventures he has had, as well as his thoughts and feelings about them. If anything has yielded him pleasure or instruction, let him communicate it. Let the money-getter when he takes up the pen tell us how he loves wealth, and what means he takes to accumulate it. He should not write on Foreign Missions. The mechanic will naturally write about his trade, the farmer about his farm, and every man about that which he understands better than others —that is, his own affairs. Yet incredible mistakes are made. I have heard an owl lecture with a perverse show of learning on the solar microscope, and Chanticlere on nebulous stars, when both should naturally have been sound asleep, the one in a hollow tree, the other upon his roost me. me. me. me. me. 2c
Economy 2c written: A rewritten: B, C, C
C: Two fair copies were made of Economy 2c.

(Ronald Clapper)
Perhaps this lecture book is this n
Note: space left blank during original copying (R. Clapper)
lecture is
r
Revision note: C1: this lecture volume is
this volume is these pages are
these pages are these pages are these pages are these pages are these pages are
more particularly addressed to the class of poor students. the class of poor students. r
Revision note: C1: the class of poor students.
the class of poor students
poor students. poor students. poor students. poor students. poor students.
As for the rest of my audience readers, n
Note: space left blank during original copying (R. Clapper)
audience,
audience readers, readers, readers, readers, readers, readers,
they will accept such r
Revision note: C1: portions of it
portions of it
r
Revision note: C1: portions of it
portions of it
r
Revision note: C1: portions of it
portions of it
portions portions portions portions portions
as apply to them. I trust that none will stretch the seams in putting on the coat, for it may be of be of r
Revision note: C1: be of
be of do
do do do do do
good service to him whom it fits.
3a
Economy 3a written: C rewritten: C

(Ronald Clapper)
I wish to would fain would fain would fain would fain would fain would fain say something, not so much concerning the Chinese and Sandwich Islanders r
Revision note: C1: as concerning
as concerning
as as as as as
you who n
Note: space left blank during original copying (R. Clapper)
hear this lecture read this book read these pages,
read these pages, read these pages, read these pages, read these pages, read these pages,
who are said to live in New England; something about your condition, especially your outward condition or circumstances in this world, in this n
Note: space left blank during original copying (R. Clapper)
city town,
town, town, town, town, town,
what it is, whether it is necessary that it r
Revision note: C1: should be
should be
be be be be be
as bad as it is, whether it cannot be improved as well as not. 3b
Economy 3b written: A rewritten: B, C
B & C: A fair copy was made of only I have travelled … hanging suspended, with their heads.
B: A fair copy was apparently made of the rest of Economy 3b and Economy 4 on a leaf (#7) now missing.

(Ronald Clapper)
I have travelled a good deal in Concord; and every where, in shops, and offices, and fields, the inhabitants have seemed seemed seemed appeared appeared appeared appeared appeared appeared to me to be doing penance in a thousand curious curious curious remarkable remarkable remarkable remarkable remarkable remarkable ways. What I had have have have have have have have have heard of Brahmins standing on one leg on the tops of pillars, looking in the face of the sun, dwelling at the roots of trees sitting exposed to four fires or hanging suspended with their heads downward over flames or looking at the heavens over their shoulders “until it is becomes impossible for them to resume their natural position, while from the twist of the neck nothing but liquids can pass into the stomach” or dwelling chained for life at the foot of a tree or measuring with their bodies like caterpillars the breadth of a vast empire or of devotees standing on one leg on the tops of pillars—even these forms of conscious penance are not more incredible and astonishing than the scenes which I daily witness. sitting exposed to four fires and looking in the face of the sun; or hanging suspended, with their heads downward, over flames; or looking at the heavens over their shoulders “until it becomes impossible for them to resume their natural position, while from the twist of the neck nothing but liquids can pass into the stomach;” or dwelling, chained for life, at the foot of a tree; or measuring with their bodies, like caterpillars, the breadth of vast empires; or standing on one leg on the tops of pillars,—even these forms of conscious penance are hardly more incredible and astonishing than the scenes which I daily witness. sitting exposed to four fires and looking in the face of the sun; or hanging suspended, with their heads downward, over flames; or looking at the heavens over their shoulders “until it becomes impossible for them to resume their natural position, while from the twist of the neck nothing but liquids can pass into the stomach;” or dwelling, chained for life, at the foot of a tree; or measuring with their bodies, like caterpillars, the breadth of vast empires; or standing on one leg on the tops of pillars,—even these forms of conscious penance are hardly more incredible and astonishing than the scenes which I daily witness. sitting exposed to four fires and looking in the face of the sun; or hanging suspended, with their heads downward, over flames; or looking at the heavens over their shoulders “until it becomes impossible for them to resume their natural position, while from the twist of the neck nothing but liquids can pass into the stomach;” or dwelling, chained for life, at the foot of a tree; or measuring with their bodies, like caterpillars, the breadth of vast empires; or standing on one leg on the tops of pillars,—even these forms of conscious penance are hardly more incredible and astonishing than the scenes which I daily witness. sitting exposed to four fires and looking in the face of the sun; or hanging suspended, with their heads downward, over flames; or looking at the heavens over their shoulders “until it becomes impossible for them to resume their natural position, while from the twist of the neck nothing but liquids can pass into the stomach;” or dwelling, chained for life, at the foot of a tree; or measuring with their bodies, like caterpillars, the breadth of vast empires; or standing on one leg on the tops of pillars,—even these forms of conscious penance are hardly more incredible and astonishing than the scenes which I daily witness. sitting exposed to four fires and looking in the face of the sun; or hanging suspended, with their heads downward, over flames; or looking at the heavens over their shoulders “until it becomes impossible for them to resume their natural position, while from the twist of the neck nothing but liquids can pass into the stomach;” or dwelling, chained for life, at the foot of a tree; or measuring with their bodies, like caterpillars, the breadth of vast empires; or standing on one leg on the tops of pillars,—even these forms of conscious penance are hardly more incredible and astonishing than the scenes which I daily witness. sitting exposed to four fires and looking in the face of the sun; or hanging suspended, with their heads downward, over flames; or looking at the heavens over their shoulders “until it becomes impossible for them to resume their natural position, while from the twist of the neck nothing but liquids can pass into the stomach;” or dwelling, chained for life, at the foot of a tree; or measuring with their bodies, like caterpillars, the breadth of vast empires; or standing on one leg on the tops of pillars,—even these forms of conscious penance are hardly more incredible and astonishing than the scenes which I daily witness. sitting exposed to four fires and looking in the face of the sun; or hanging suspended, with their heads downward, over flames; or looking at the heavens over their shoulders “until it becomes impossible for them to resume their natural position, while from the twist of the neck nothing but liquids can pass into the stomach;” or dwelling, chained for life, at the foot of a tree; or measuring with their bodies, like caterpillars, the breadth of vast empires; or standing on one leg on the tops of pillars,—even these forms of conscious penance are hardly more incredible and astonishing than the scenes which I daily witness. even the The The The The The The The twelve labors of Hercules are nothing in comparison with those which my neighbors have undertaken; were trifling in comparison with those which my neighbors have undertaken; were trifling in comparison with those which my neighbors have undertaken; were trifling in comparison with those which my neighbors have undertaken; were trifling in comparison with those which my neighbors have undertaken; were trifling in comparison with those which my neighbors have undertaken; were trifling in comparison with those which my neighbors have undertaken; were trifling in comparison with those which my neighbors have undertaken; for they were only twelve, and had an end; but I could never see that these men slew or captured any monster or finished any labor. They have no friend Iolas to burn with a hot iron the root of the hydra’s head, but as soon as one head is crushed, two spring up.
4
Economy 4 written: A

(Ronald Clapper)
I see young men, my townsmen, whose misfortune it is to have inherited farms, houses, barns, cattle, and farming tools; for these are easier more easily more easily more easily more easily more easily more easily more easily more easily acquired than got rid of. Better if they had been born in the open pasture and suckled by a wolf, that they might have seen with clear eye clearer eyes clearer eyes clearer eyes clearer eyes clearer eyes clearer eyes clearer eyes what field they were called to labor in. Who made them serfs of the soil? Why should they eat their sixty acres, when man is condemned to eat only his peck of dirt? Why should they begin digging their graves as soon as they are born? They have got to live a man’s life, pushing all these things before them , or farm with all its fixtures therein them , or farm with all its fixtures therein them, them, them, them, them, them, and get on as well as they can. How many a poor immortal soul have I met well nigh crushed and smothered under its load, creeping down the road of life, pushing before it a barn seventy-five feet by four, its Augean stables never cleansed, and one hundred acres of land, tillage, mowing, pasture, and wood-lot! How many a poor immortal soul have I met well nigh crushed and smothered under its load, creeping down the road of life, pushing before it a barn seventy-five feet by four, its Augean stables never cleansed, and one hundred acres of land, tillage, mowing, pasture, and wood-lot! How many a poor immortal soul have I met well nigh crushed and smothered under its load, creeping down the road of life, pushing before it a barn seventy-five feet by four, its Augean stables never cleansed, and one hundred acres of land, tillage, mowing, pasture, and wood-lot! How many a poor immortal soul have I met well nigh crushed and smothered under its load, creeping down the road of life, pushing before it a barn seventy-five feet by four, its Augean stables never cleansed, and one hundred acres of land, tillage, mowing, pasture, and wood-lot! How many a poor immortal soul have I met well nigh crushed and smothered under its load, creeping down the road of life, pushing before it a barn seventy-five feet by four, its Augean stables never cleansed, and one hundred acres of land, tillage, mowing, pasture, and wood-lot! How many a poor immortal soul have I met well nigh crushed and smothered under its load, creeping down the road of life, pushing before it a barn seventy-five feet by four, its Augean stables never cleansed, and one hundred acres of land, tillage, mowing, pasture, and wood-lot! How many a poor immortal soul have I met well nigh crushed and smothered under its load, creeping down the road of life, pushing before it a barn seventy-five feet by four, its Augean stables never cleansed, and one hundred acres of land, tillage, mowing, pasture, and wood-lot! The portionless, who struggle with no such unnecessary inherited outward unnecessary inherited unnecessary inherited unnecessary inherited unnecessary inherited unnecessary inherited unnecessary inherited unnecessary inherited encumbrances, find it labor enough to subdue and cultivate a few cubic feet of flesh.
5a
Economy 5a written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
But men labor under a mistake. The better part of the man is soon ploughed into the soil for compost. By an apparent fate, soon an apparent a seeming fate, soon commonly a seeming fate, commonly a seeming fate, commonly a seeming fate, commonly a seeming fate, commonly a seeming fate, commonly a seeming fate, commonly called necessity, they are employed, as it says in an old book, laying up treasures which moth and rust will corrupt and thieves break through and steal. It is a fool’s life, as they will find when they get to the end of it, if not before. if not before. if not before. if not before. if not before. if not before. 5b
Economy 5b written: C
C: Economy 5b was added on a partial leaf. Inde genus durum sumus … not seeing where they fell was interlined.

(Ronald Clapper)
It is said that It is said that It is said that It is said that It is said that It is said that Deucalion and Pyrrha created men by throwing stones over their heads behind them. Thence we are a hard race and inured to labor; and give evidence from what origin we have sprung. But that was not the best way to create men—or rather, they were not the best kind of men to create nor the best material to create men out of. They might, at least, have seen where they threw the stones. According to Ovid :— them:— them:— them:— them:— them:—
 
Inde genus durum sumus, experiensque laborum,
 
Et documenta damus quâ simus origine nati.
Or, as Sir Walter Raleigh Raleigh Raleigh Raleigh Raleigh Raleigh rhymes it in his sonorous way ,— in his sonorous way,— in his sonorous way,— in his sonorous way,— in his sonorous way,— in his sonorous way,—
 
“From thence our kind hard-hearted is, enduring pain and care,
 
Approving that our bodies of a stony nature are.”
But perhaps they did not rightly interpret the oracle which directed them to cast behind them the bones of their grandmothers—by which may have been signified it may have meant the institutions of the dead. At any rate, men must be recreated after a different fashion. They might at least have seen where they threw the stones. So much for a stupid blind obedience to a blind blundering oracle So much for a blind obedience to a blundering oracle, throwing the stones over their heads behind them, and not seeing where they fell. So much for a blind obedience to a blundering oracle, throwing the stones over their heads behind them, and not seeing where they fell. So much for a blind obedience to a blundering oracle, throwing the stones over their heads behind them, and not seeing where they fell. So much for a blind obedience to a blundering oracle, throwing the stones over their heads behind them, and not seeing where they fell. So much for a blind obedience to a blundering oracle, throwing the stones over their heads behind them, and not seeing where they fell.
6
Economy 6 written: A rewritten: B
A & B: The finest qualities of our nature … one another thus tenderly does not appear in A or in the original copying of B but was interlined in B.

(Ronald Clapper)
Most men, even in this comparatively free country, even in this comparatively free country, even in this comparatively free country, even in this comparatively free country, even in this comparatively free country, even in this comparatively free country, even in this comparatively free country, even in this comparatively free country, through mere ignorance and mistake, are so occupied with the factitious cares and superfluously superfluously superfluously superfluously superfluously superfluously superfluously superfluously coarse labors of life that its finer fruits cannot be plucked by them. Their fingers, from excessive toil, are too clumsy and tremble too much for that. The finest qualities of our nature are as difficult to preserve as the down on a peach. Their fingers, from excessive toil, are too clumsy and tremble too much for that. Their fingers, from excessive toil, are too clumsy and tremble too much for that. Their fingers, from excessive toil, are too clumsy and tremble too much for that. Their fingers, from excessive toil, are too clumsy and tremble too much for that. Their fingers, from excessive toil, are too clumsy and tremble too much for that. Their fingers, from excessive toil, are too clumsy and tremble too much for that. Their fingers, from excessive toil, are too clumsy and tremble too much for that. Actually, the laboring man has not leisure for a lofty and serene lofty and serene high true true true true true true true integrity day by day; he cannot afford to sustain the noblest relations; truest and noblest manliest relations to men manliest relations to men; manliest relations to men; manliest relations to men; manliest relations to men; manliest relations to men; manliest relations to men; his labor would depreciate depreciate be depreciated be depreciated be depreciated be depreciated be depreciated be depreciated be depreciated in the market. He has no time to be any thing but a machine. How can he remember well his ignorance— and this which which which which which which which which his growth requires—who has so often to use his knowledge? We should feed and clothe and recruit him with our cordials before we judge of him We should feed and clothe him gratuitously sometimes and recruit him with our cordials before we judge of him. We should feed and clothe him gratuitously sometimes, and recruit him with our cordials, before we judge of him. We should feed and clothe him gratuitously sometimes, and recruit him with our cordials, before we judge of him. We should feed and clothe him gratuitously sometimes, and recruit him with our cordials, before we judge of him. We should feed and clothe him gratuitously sometimes, and recruit him with our cordials, before we judge of him. We should feed and clothe him gratuitously sometimes, and recruit him with our cordials, before we judge of him. We should feed and clothe him gratuitously sometimes, and recruit him with our cordials, before we judge of him. The finest qualities of our nature, like the bloom on fruits, can be preserved only by the most delicate handling. But Yet But Yet Yet Yet Yet Yet Yet Yet we do not treat ourselves nor one another thus tenderly.
7
Economy 7 written: A rewritten: B, C
C: A fair copy was made of only curry favor, to get custom … no matter how much or how little.

(Ronald Clapper)
Some of you who hear me who read this, you, you, you, you, you, you, you, we all know, are poor, find it hard to live, are sometimes, as it were, gasping for breath. I have no doubt that some of you who are here tonight read this n
Note: space left blank during original copying (R. Clapper)
read this book
read this book read this book read this book read this book read this book read this book
are unable to pay for all the dinners which which which which which which which you have actually eaten, or for the coats and shoes which are fast wearing or are are are are are are are are already worn out, and have come here to this page n
Note: space left blank during original copying (R. Clapper)
to this page
to this page to this page to this page to this page to this page to this page
to spend borrowed time, borrowed stolen time, which is not your own, borrowed or stolen time, borrowed or stolen time, borrowed or stolen time, borrowed or stolen time, borrowed or stolen time, borrowed or stolen time, robbing your creditors of an hour. It is very evident what mean and sneaking lives many of you live, for I have had some experience of it myself for my sight is whetted by experience; for my sight has been whetted by experience; for my sight has been whetted by experience; for my sight has been whetted by experience; for my sight has been whetted by experience; for my sight has been whetted by experience; for my sight has been whetted by experience; for my sight has been whetted by experience; always on the limits, trying to get into business and trying to get out of debt, a very ancient slough, called by the Latins, æs alienum , another’s brass, for some of their coins were made of brass; still living, and dying, and buried by this other’s brass though some of you it must be allowed have enough of the brass of irreverence of your own to live by; brass; brass; brass; brass; brass; brass; brass; always promising to pay, promising to pay, to-morrow, and dying to-day, insolvent; seeking to curry favor, to get custom, by how many modes, only not state-prison offences; lying, flattering, voting, contracting yourselves into a nutshell of civility, or dilating into an atmosphere of thin and vaporous generosity, that you may persuade your neighbor to let you make his shoes, or his hat, or his coat, or his carriage, or import his groceries for him; making yourselves sick, that you may lay up something against a sick day, something to be tucked away in an old chest, or in a stocking behind the plastering, or, more safely, in the brick or the stone brick or the stone brick brick brick brick brick brick bank; no matter where, no matter how much or how little.
8a
Economy 8a written: A rewritten: B, C, D

(Ronald Clapper)
I sometimes wonder how how how that that that that that that we can be so frivolous, almost, almost, almost I may almost say, I may almost say, I may almost say, I may almost say, I may almost say, I may almost say, as to attend to the gross form of form of form of but somewhat foreign form of servitude called but somewhat foreign form of servitude called but somewhat foreign form of servitude called but somewhat foreign form of servitude called but somewhat foreign form of servitude called but somewhat foreign form of servitude called Negro Slavery, there are so many keen and subtle masters that enslave both north and south. It is bad bad hard hard hard hard hard hard to have a southern overseer; it is worse to have a northern one; but worst of all when you are yourself the slave-driver. yourself the slave-driver the slave-driver of yourself. the slave-driver of yourself. the slave-driver of yourself. the slave-driver of yourself. the slave-driver of yourself. the slave-driver of yourself. the slave-driver of yourself. Ancient books, and some modern ones, talk of a divinity in man. Talk of a divinity in man! Talk of a divinity in man! Talk of a divinity in man! Talk of a divinity in man! Talk of a divinity in man! Talk of a divinity in man! Talk of a divinity in man! Look at the teamster on the highway, wending to market by day or night; Is he a son of the morning—fearless because immortal—greeting the sun and stars as his fellows and bounding with youthful & elastic steps over his mother earth? How much of divinity is there in him? Is he a son of the morning—fearless because immortal—greeting the sun and stars as his fellows, and bounding with youthful and elastic steps over his mother Earth? How much of divinity is there in him? does the divinity stir in within him. He rolls out of his cradle into a Tom & Jerry & goes at once to look after his team to fodder and water his horses without standing agape at his position. What are life immortal and the destiny of man compared with the shipping interests? What does he care for his creator, doesn’t he drive for Squire Make a stir? does any divinity stir within him? He rolls out of his cradle into a Tom-and-Jerry, and goes at once to look after his team For the most part he knows no higher duty than His highest duty to fodder and water his horses without standing agape at his position He is not half horse, half something more; he is merely a horse and a half to the others . What are life immortal and the destiny of man is his destiny to him compared with the shipping interests? What does he care for his creator? Does not he drive for Squire Make-a-stir? does any divinity stir within him? His highest duty to fodder and water his horses! What is his destiny to him compared with the shipping interests? Does not he drive for Squire Make-a-stir? does any divinity stir within him? His highest duty to fodder and water his horses! What is his destiny to him compared with the shipping interests? Does not he drive for Squire Make-a-stir? does any divinity stir within him? His highest duty to fodder and water his horses! What is his destiny to him compared with the shipping interests? Does not he drive for Squire Make-a-stir? does any divinity stir within him? His highest duty to fodder and water his horses! What is his destiny to him compared with the shipping interests? Does not he drive for Squire Make-a-stir? does any divinity stir within him? His highest duty to fodder and water his horses! What is his destiny to him compared with the shipping interests? Does not he drive for Squire Make-a-stir? How godlike, how immortal, is he? Very like a God! He feels so cheap that he could lick the dust under his feet. is he? Very like a god! is he? is he? is he? is he? is he? is he? See how he cowers and sneaks, how vaguely and indefinitely vaguely and indefinitely vaguely and indefinitely vaguely vaguely vaguely vaguely vaguely all the day he fears, not being immortal nor divine, but the slave and prisoner of his own opinion of himself, a fame won by his own deeds. Public opinion is a weak tyrant compared with our own our own our own our own our own our own private opinion. What a man thinks of himself, that it is which determines determines, or rather indicates, determines, or rather indicates, determines, or rather indicates, determines, or rather indicates, determines, or rather indicates, determines, or rather indicates, determines, or rather indicates, his fate. Self-emancipation even in the West Indian provinces of the fancy and imagination,—what Wilberforce is there to bring that about? Self-emancipation even in the West Indian provinces of the fancy and imagination, —what Wilberforce is there to bring that about? Self-emancipation even in the West Indian provinces of the fancy and imagination, —what Wilberforce is there to bring that about? Self-emancipation even in the West Indian provinces of the fancy and imagination, —what Wilberforce is there to bring that about? Self-emancipation even in the West Indian provinces of the fancy and imagination, —what Wilberforce is there to bring that about? Self-emancipation even in the West Indian provinces of the fancy and imagination, —what Wilberforce is there to bring that about? Self-emancipation even in the West Indian provinces of the fancy and imagination, —what Wilberforce is there to bring that about? 8b
Economy 8b written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
And Think also of Think, also, of Think, also, of Think, also, of Think, also, of the ladies of the land weaving toilet cushions against the last day, not to betray too green an interest in their fates! As if you could kill time without injuring eternity.
9a
Economy 9a written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
The mass of mankind men men men men men lead lives of quiet desperation. What is called resignation is confirmed desperation. From the desperate city you go into the desperate country, and have to console yourself with the bravery of minks and muskrats. 9b
Economy 9b written: D
D: Economy 9b precedes Economy 9a.

(Ronald Clapper)
A stereotyped but unconscious despair is concealed even even even even even under what are called the games and amusements of mankind. There is no play in them, for this comes after work.I remember to have met once a particularly wretched man in our own streets, asking for a lodging, whom it was almost no pleasure to befriend he so was hopeless. He had come all the way from New York on foot, seeking work, but he did not know where he was at any time, only, perchance, that he had travelled thirty miles that day, when three would have done as well. He thought that he had seriously injured himself by lying out, but he was more seriously injured before. He could do work about a stable, but declared in a disconsolate voice, that there was no work for him, as if the fates had a spite against him. I saw by his face that he was only a more desperate man than usual, whose whole life was a crime, who was endeavoring to escape from himself, but for once, derived no amusement from the method which he had chosen. He thought that nobody wished to employ him nor would respect him, because he knew that he was unworthy to be employed, and did not respect himself; and thus he had come two hundred and fifty miles in a straight line, with desperate steps, offering himself, with a down look, anticipating failure, to do stable work at such stable yards as this path happened to intersect, doing his part as he would fain have believed, toward getting work; but the truth was, he merely wished to convince the fates that he was willing to do his part, when he was not. And so, judging from his direction, he would go on, if his constitution held out, to the Gulf of St Lawrence, where he would probably jump in. I knew very well that he was not the only man who had not succeeded in getting work. work. work. work. work. But it is the sum of all a characteristic of a characteristic of a characteristic of a characteristic of wisdom not to do desperate things.
10a
Economy 10a written: A rewritten: A, B, D

(Ronald Clapper)
When we consider in the words of the catechism, what what to use the words of the catechism,what what, to use the words of the catechism, what, to use the words of the catechism, what, to use the words of the catechism, what, to use the words of the catechism, what, to use the words of the catechism, what, to use the words of the catechism, is the chief end of man, and what are what are what are what are what are what are what are the true true true true true true true true necessaries and the means means means means means means means means of life, it appears as if men had deliberately chosen this the common the common the common the common the common the common the common the common mode of living preferring preferring because they preferred because they preferred because they preferred because they preferred because they preferred because they preferred it to any other. to any other. to any other. to any other. to any other. to any other. to any other. to any other. but not so; they really think that but not so; they really think that but not so; they really think that Yet not so; they honestly think Yet they honestly think Yet they honestly think Yet they honestly think Yet they honestly think there is no choice left. Butit is not necessarily, it was not always so; But But But But But But But alert and healthy natures remember that the sun rose clear. It is never too late to give up our prejudices. No way of doing or thinking, thinking or doing, thinking or doing, thinking or doing, thinking or doing, thinking or doing, thinking or doing, thinking or doing, however ancient, can be trusted without proof. without proof. without proof. without proof. without proof. without proof. without proof. What every body echoes or in silence passes by as true to-day may turn out to be sheer falsehood sheer falsehood sheer falsehood sheer falsehood falsehood falsehood falsehood falsehood to-morrow, mere smoke of opinion falling back in cinders, opinion falling back in cinders, opinion falling back in cinders, opinion falling back in cinders, opinion, opinion, opinion, opinion, which some had trusted for a cloud that would sprinkle fertile fertile fertile fertile fertilizing fertilizing fertilizing fertilizing fertilizing rain r
Revision note: A1: upon
upon on
on on on on on on on
their fields. What old people say you cannot do you try and find that you can. r
Revision note: A1: Old deeds for old people, and new deeds for new. Old people did not know enough once, perchance, to fetch fresh fuel to keep the fire a-going; new people put a little dry wood under a pot, and are whirled round the globe with the speed of birds, in a way to kill old people, as the phrase is. It is very true that they cannot but the same is very false when affirmed of you it may be that you can. The fact is old people are old and new people are new. Old deeds for old people and new deeds for new. Old people can hardly get upstairs. There are men in Typee who can walk up a tree 60 feet high and bare of branches. Old people did not know enough to fetch new fresh fuel to keep the fire agoing—new people put a little dry wood under a pot and are whirled round the world with the speed of birds
It is very true that they cannot—but it may be very false when affirmed to affirm the same of you. Old deeds for old people and new deeds for new. Old people can hardly walk up stairs,—in Typee the young men can walk up a smooth cocoa-nut tree 60 feet high & bare of branches—Old people did not know enough once to fetch fresh fuel to keep the fire agoing—New people put a little dry wood under a pot and are whirled round the world globe with the speed of birds as the phrase is “in a way to kill old people” ”in a way to kill old people” as the phrase is
Old deeds for old people, and new deeds for new ones. Old people can hardly walk up stairs. In Typee the young men can walk up a smooth cocoa-nut tree sixty feet high and bare of branches. Old people did not know enough once to fetch fresh fuel to keep the fire agoing—New people put a little dry wood under a pot, and are whirled round the globe with the speed of birds, in a way to kill old people, as the phrase is Old deeds for old people, and new deeds for new. Old people did not know enough once, perchance, to fetch fresh fuel to keep the fire a-going; new people put a little dry wood under a pot, and are whirled round the globe with the speed of birds, in a way to kill old people, as the phrase is. Old deeds for old people, and new deeds for new. Old people did not know enough once, perchance, to fetch fresh fuel to keep the fire a-going; new people put a little dry wood under a pot, and are whirled round the globe with the speed of birds, in a way to kill old people, as the phrase is. Old deeds for old people, and new deeds for new. Old people did not know enough once, perchance, to fetch fresh fuel to keep the fire a-going; new people put a little dry wood under a pot, and are whirled round the globe with the speed of birds, in a way to kill old people, as the phrase is. Old deeds for old people, and new deeds for new. Old people did not know enough once, perchance, to fetch fresh fuel to keep the fire a-going; new people put a little dry wood under a pot, and are whirled round the globe with the speed of birds, in a way to kill old people, as the phrase is. Old deeds for old people, and new deeds for new. Old people did not know enough once, perchance, to fetch fresh fuel to keep the fire a-going; new people put a little dry wood under a pot, and are whirled round the globe with the speed of birds, in a way to kill old people, as the phrase is. Old deeds for old people, and new deeds for new. Old people did not know enough once, perchance, to fetch fresh fuel to keep the fire a-going; new people put a little dry wood under a pot, and are whirled round the globe with the speed of birds, in a way to kill old people, as the phrase is.
r
Revision note: A1: Age seems
Age seems
Age seems Age is Age is Age is Age is Age is Age is
no better, hardly so well, qualified for an instructor as youth, for it has not profited so much as it has lost. Men have left off rum safely and imprisoning for debt, and chattel slavery in some places, and several other things, but they are not inclined to leave off hanging men because they have not got accustomed to that way of thinking. lost. lost. lost. lost. lost. lost. lost. 10b
Economy 10b written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
One may almost doubt if the wisest man has learned any thing of absolute value by living. Practically, the old have no very important advice to give the young, their own experience has been so partial, and their lives have been such miserable failures, for private reasons, as they must believe; and it may be that they have some faith left which belies that experience, and they are only less young than they were. 10c
Economy 10c written: D
D: Economy 10c and Economy 14 were added on the verso of a separate leaf. The recto of the leaf contains the following: “Architectural remains are beautiful commonly from association only. The American’s taste for architecture is like his taste for olives & wine & other foreign things. The too exquisitely cultured I avoid as I do the theatre. Their life lacks reality. They offer me wine instead of water. They are surrounded by things which can be bought.”

(Ronald Clapper)
I have lived some thirty odd thirty thirty thirty thirty years on this planet, and I have yet to hear the first syllable of valuable or even earnest advice from my seniors. They have told me nothing, and probably can tell me nothing cannot tell me any thing, cannot tell me any thing, cannot tell me any thing, cannot tell me any thing, cannot tell me any thing, to the purpose. There Here. Here Here Here Here is life, an experiment to to some extent to a great extent to a great extent to a great extent to a great extent to a great extent untried by me; & but but but but but it does not avail me that they have tried it. If I have any valuable experience any experience which I think valuable, any experience which I think valuable, any experience which I think valuable, any experience which I think valuable, any experience which I think valuable, I am sure to reflect that this my Mentors said nothing about.
11
Economy 11 written: A rewritten: B, D
A: Economy 11 was added, along with Economy 13b, on the verso of the partial leaf containing the fair copy of that would sprinkle fertilizing rain … as it has lost of Economy 10a.
B: The middle of a leaf is cut out. One farmer says … in spite of every obstacle should have appeared on the verso of this leaf.
A & B: Economy 11 is followed by Economy 83d.

(Ronald Clapper)
One farmer says to me, farmer says to me, farmer says to me, farmer says to me, farmer says to me, farmer says to me, farmer says to me, farmer says to me, “You cannot live on vegetable food solely, for it furnishes nothing to make bones with;” and so he he he he he he he religiously devotes a part of his day to supplying his system with the raw material of bones; all the while walking all the while he talks walking all the while he talks walking all the while he talks walking all the while he talks walking all the while he talks walking all the while he talks walking all the while he talks walking all the while he talks behind his oxen, whose whose whose who with which with which, with which, with which, with which, with vegetable-made bones, jerk him and his lumbering plough along through in spite of in spite of in spite of in spite of in spite of in spite of in spite of in spite of every obstacle. Some things are really necessaries of life in some circles, the most helpless and diseased, which in others are luxuries merely, and in others still are entirely unknown.
12
Economy 12 written: A rewritten: B, C, D
A & B: Economy 12-13a is preceded by Economy 13c.
C: A fair copy was made of only ends of the fingers … what thou hast left undone.

(Ronald Clapper)
The whole ground of human life seems to some to have been gone over before us by our before us by our before us by our before us by our by their by their by their by their by their predecessors, both the heights and the valleys, and all things to have been cared for. and all things to have been cared for. and all things to have been cared for. and all things to have been cared for. and all things to have been cared for. and all things to have been cared for. and all things to have been cared for. and all things to have been cared for. According to Evelyn, “the wise Solomon prescribed ordinances for the very distances of trees; and the Roman prætors have decided how often you may go into your neighbor’s land to gather the acorns which fall on it without trespass, and what share belongs to that neighbor. According to Evelyn, “the wise Solomon prescribed ordinances for the very distances of trees; and the Roman prætors have decided how often you may go into your neighbor’s land to gather the acorns which fall on it without trespass, and what share belongs to that neighbor. According to Evelyn, “the wise Solomon prescribed ordinances for the very distances of trees; and the Roman prætors have decided how often you may go into your neighbor’s land to gather the acorns which fall on it without trespass, and what share belongs to that neighbor. According to Evelyn, “the wise Solomon prescribed ordinances for the very distances of trees; and the Roman prætors have decided how often you may go into your neighbor’s land to gather the acorns which fall on it without trespass, and what share belongs to that neighbor. According to Evelyn, “the wise Solomon prescribed ordinances for the very distances of trees; and the Roman prætors have decided how often you may go into your neighbor’s land to gather the acorns which fall on it without trespass, and what share belongs to that neighbor. Hippocrates has even left directions how we should cut our nails; that is, even with the ends of the fingers, neither longer nor shorter. longer nor shorter. longer nor shorter nor longer. shorter nor longer. shorter nor longer. shorter nor longer. shorter nor longer. shorter nor longer. Even the Undoubtedly The Undoubtedly the Undoubtedly the Undoubtedly the Undoubtedly the Undoubtedly the Undoubtedly the very tedium and ennui which presumes presumes presumes presume presume presume presume presume presume to have exhausted the variety and the joys of life is is is are are are are are are as old as Adam. But man’s capacities have never been measured; nor are we to judge of what he can do by any precedents, so little has been tried. Whatever have been thy failures hitherto, “be not afflicted, my child, for who shall assign to thee what thou hast left undone? Whatever have been thy failures hitherto, “be not afflicted, my child, for who shall assign to thee what thou hast left undone?” Whatever have been thy failures hitherto, “be not afflicted, my child, for who shall assign to thee what thou hast left undone?” Whatever have been thy failures hitherto, “be not afflicted, my child, for who shall assign to thee what thou hast left undone?” Whatever have been thy failures hitherto, “be not afflicted, my child, for who shall assign to thee what thou hast left undone?” Whatever have been thy failures hitherto, “be not afflicted, my child, for who shall assign to thee what thou hast left undone?”
13a
Economy 13a written: A rewritten: B, C, D

(Ronald Clapper)
We might try our lives by a thousand simple tests greatly to our advantage—by any natural fact—by this, for instance, that tests greatly to our advantage—by this, for instance, that tests; as for instance, that tests; as for instance, that tests; as for instance, that tests; as for instance, that tests; as for instance, that tests; as for instance, that the same sun that that which which which which which which which ripens my beans illumines at once a system of worlds worlds worlds earths earths earths earths earths earths like this this ours. ours. ours. ours. ours. ours. ours. If I had known known remembered remembered remembered remembered remembered remembered remembered this it would have prevented some mistakes. This was not the light in which I hoed them. The stars are the apexes of what singular singular singular wonderful wonderful wonderful wonderful wonderful wonderful triangles! What distant and various natures are perhaps beholding various natures are perhaps beholding different beings in the various mansions of the universe are contemplatingdifferent beings in the various mansions of the universe contemporary with us but for whom we have no name nor thought may be contemplating different beings in the various mansions of the universe may be are contemplating different beings in the various mansions of the universe are contemplating different beings in the various mansions of the universe are contemplating different beings in the various mansions of the universe are contemplating different beings in the various mansions of the universe are contemplating different beings in the various mansions of the universe are contemplating the same one at the same moment! The departing and the arriving spirit—the joyful and the sad—the innocent and happy child, & melancholy suicide, the northern farmer and the southern slave. These are trivial instances. How many yet more distant inhabitants of this universe may be contemplating this yonder fine twinkling star which I behold at the same time instant—an eye in Orion—an eye in Lyra—the eye of omniscience every where itself There is always the possibility of being thus related by our lives with the All & being one with it or of remaining as it were an isolated particle in the universe n
Note: A later version of this passage was interlined in Economy 15. (R. Clapper)
moment! The departing and the arriving spirit—the joyful and the sad—the innocent and happy child, & the melancholy suicide, the northern farmer and the southern slave. These are trivial instances. How many yet infinitely more distant and different beings may be contemplating yonder fine twinkling star point at this moment—an eye in Orion—an eye in Lyra—the eye of omniscience itself. There is always the possibility of being related to the whole by our lives and of being one with it, or of remaining as it were an isolated particle in the universe moment! moment! moment! moment! moment! moment!
13b
Economy 13b written: A rewritten: B, C, D
A & B: Economy 13b, which follows Economy 83d, precedes Economy 12-13a.
A: Economy 13b was added, along with Economy 11, on the verso of the partial leaf containing the fair copy of that would sprinkle fertilizing rain … as it has lost of Economy 10a.

(Ronald Clapper)
Nature and human life are as various as our several experiences, as our constitutions are various several experiences, as our constitutions are various several constitutions are various several constitutions are various several constitutions. several constitutions. several constitutions. several constitutions. Who shall say what prospect life offers to another? Could a greater miracle take place than if we should if we should for us to for us to for us to for us to for us to for us to for us to look through each other’s eyes for an instant? We should live in all the ages of the world in an hour; ay, in all the worlds of the ages. History, Poetry, Mythology!—I know of no reading of another’s experience so ineffably grand ineffably grand startling startling startling startling startling startling startling and startling informing informing informing informing informing informing informing informing as this would be.
14
Economy 14 written: D
D: Economy 14 was added, along with Economy 10c, on the verso of a separate leaf.

(Ronald Clapper)
Almost all that The greater part of what The greater part of what The greater part of what The greater part of what The greater part of what my neighbors call good I believe in my soul to be bad, and if I repent of any thing, it is of very likely to be very likely to be very likely to be very likely to be very likely to be my good behavior. What demon possessed me that I behaved so well? You may say the wisest thing you can old man,—you who have lived seventy years, not without honor of a kind,—I hear an irresistible voice which invites me away from all that. One generation abandons the enterprises of another like stranded vessels. One generation abandons the enterprises of another like stranded vessels. One generation abandons the enterprises of another like stranded vessels. One generation abandons the enterprises of another like stranded vessels.
15
Economy 15 written: A rewritten: B, C, D
D: A fair copy was made of only I think that we may safely trust a good deal more than we do. We are made to.

(Ronald Clapper)
I think I think I think that I think that I think that I think that I think that I think that we may safely trust a good deal more than we do. We may waive just as as as so so so so so so much care of ourselves as we devote bestow elsewhere. Suppose we choose the better part and fail, whose failure is it? bestow elsewhere. Suppose we choose the better part and fail, whose failure is it? honestly bestow elsewhere honestly bestow elsewhere. honestly bestow elsewhere. honestly bestow elsewhere. honestly bestow elsewhere. honestly bestow elsewhere. Nature is after all is after all is after all is is is is is as well adapted to our weakness as to our talents. weakness as to our talents. weaknesses as to our talents weakness as to our strength. weakness as to our strength. weakness as to our strength. weakness as to our strength. weakness as to our strength. weakness as to our strength. The incessant anxiety and strain of some persons some persons some persons some some some some some is a well nigh incurable form of disease. We are made to exaggerate the importance of what work we do; and yet how much is not done by us! and or, or, or, or, or, or, or, or, what if we had been taken sick? How vigilant we are! determined not to live by faith if we can avoid it; all the day long on the alert, at night we unwillingly say our prayers and commit ourselves to uncertainties. So thoroughly and sincerely are we compelled to live, reverencing our life, and denying the possibility of change. This is the only way, we say; but there are as many ways as there can be drawn radii from one centre. All change is a miracle to contemplate; but it is a miracle which is taking place every instant. How many yet more distant inhabitants beings may be contemplating yonder fine twinkling star which I now behold at the same instant—an eye in Orion an eye in Lyra the Eye of omniscience itself. There is always this possibility of being thus related by our lives to the All to the whole of our lives and being one with it—or of remaining as it were an isolated particle in the Universe n
Note: An earlier version of this passage was interlined in Economy 13a. (R. Clapper)
instant. How many yet more distant inhabitants beings may be contemplating yonder fine twinkling star which I now behold at the same instant—an eye in Orion an eye in Lyra the Eye of omniscience itself. There is always this possibility of being thus related by our lives to the All to the whole of our lives and being one with it—or of remaining as it were an isolated particle in the Universe n
Note: An earlier version of this passage was interlined in Economy 13a. (R. Clapper)
instant. These are influences the most powerful and perennial, which have not yet produced in man the effects which they are intended to produce instant. instant. instant. instant. instant.
Confucius said, “To know that we know what we know, and that we do not know what we do not know, that is true knowledge.” When one man has reduced a fact of the imagination to be a fact to his understanding, I foresee that all men at length establish their lives on that basis. Confucius said, “To know that we know what we know, and that we do not know what we do not know, that is true knowledge.” When one man has reduced a fact of the imagination to be a fact to his understanding, I foresee that all men at length establish their lives on that basis. Confucius said, “To know that we know what we know, and that we do not know what we do not know, that is true knowledge.” When one man has reduced a fact of the imagination to be a fact to his understanding, I foresee that all men at length establish their lives on that basis. Confucius said, “To know that we know what we know, and that we do not know what we do not know, that is true knowledge.” When one man has reduced a fact of the imagination to be a fact to his understanding, I foresee that all men at length establish their lives on that basis. Confucius said, “To know that we know what we know, and that we do not know what we do not know, that is true knowledge.” When one man has reduced a fact of the imagination to be a fact to his understanding, I foresee that all men at length establish their lives on that basis. Confucius said, “To know that we know what we know, and that we do not know what we do not know, that is true knowledge.” When one man has reduced a fact of the imagination to be a fact to his understanding, I foresee that all men at length establish their lives on that basis. Confucius said, “To know that we know what we know, and that we do not know what we do not know, that is true knowledge.” When one man has reduced a fact of the imagination to be a fact to his understanding, I foresee that all men at length establish their lives on that basis. n
Note: interlined in pencil on a leaf that was originally a part of B. (R. Clapper)
16
Economy 16 written: A rewritten: B, C, D
A & B: Economy 16 is followed by Economy 85c.

(Ronald Clapper)
Let us consider for a moment what all this trouble and anxiety is are about—what are the gross necessaries of life. I imagine it all this trouble and anxiety are about —what are the gross necessaries of life and how much it is indispensable that we be troubled or at least provident be careful I imagine think it all or most of most of this trouble and anxiety are is about, and how much it is indispensable that we be troubled, or at least be careful. I think that Methinks it most of this the trouble and anxiety which I have referred to is about, and how much it is indispensable necessary that we be troubled, or, at least, careful. It most of the trouble and anxiety which I have referred to is about, and how much it is necessary that we be troubled, or, at least, careful. It most of the trouble and anxiety which I have referred to is about, and how much it is necessary that we be troubled, or, at least, careful. It most of the trouble and anxiety which I have referred to is about, and how much it is necessary that we be troubled, or, at least, careful. It most of the trouble and anxiety which I have referred to is about, and how much it is necessary that we be troubled, or, at least, careful. It would be some advantage to live a primitive and frontier life, though in the midst of an outward civilization, if only to know what are after all the necessaries of life, and what methods society has taken to supply them know learn what are after all the necessaries of life, as they are called and what methods society has taken to supply have taken to obtain them learn what are the gross necessaries of life, as they are called, and what methods have been taken to obtain them; or learn what are the gross necessaries of life and what methods have been taken to obtain them; or learn what are the gross necessaries of life and what methods have been taken to obtain them; or learn what are the gross necessaries of life and what methods have been taken to obtain them; or learn what are the gross necessaries of life and what methods have been taken to obtain them; or learn what are the gross necessaries of life and what methods have been taken to obtain them; or even to look over the old day- books of the merchants, to see what it was that men most commonly bought at the stores, what are the grossest groceries. For all the improvements of the ages do not carry a man backward or forward in relation to the great most important facts of his what they stored or in other words what are the grossest groceries. For all the improvements of the ages do not carry a man backward or forward in relation to the most important facts of his have but little influence on the essential laws of our what they stored,—or, in other words, that is, what are the grossest groceries. For all the improvements of ages have had but little influence of the essential laws of man’s what they stored,—that is, what are the grossest groceries. For all the improvements of ages have had but little influence on the essential laws of man’s what they stored, that is, what are the grossest groceries. For the improvements of ages have had but little influence on the essential laws of man’s what they stored, that is, what are the grossest groceries. For the improvements of ages have had but little influence on the essential laws of man’s what they stored, that is, what are the grossest groceries. For the improvements of ages have had but little influence on the essential laws of man’s what they stored, that is, what are the grossest groceries. For the improvements of ages have had but little influence on the essential laws of man’s existence; as our skeletons, are are perhaps probably are probably, are probably, are probably, are probably, are probably, are not to be distinguished from those of our ancestors.I do not here affirm unchangeableness of the future; but we can see further into the future with the evidence of faith than into the past, with the evidence of history; and we expect from the future changes to be paralleled only, perchance, by experiences which the race has forgotten. He is the wisest scheemer whose scheme will be the latest to succeed. The greatest discoverers have not to fear that any will infringe on their patents during their lives. ancestors.I do not here affirm unchangeableness of the future; but we can see further into the future with the evidence of faith than into the past, with the evidence of history; and we expect from the future changes to be paralleled only, perchance, by experiences which the race has forgotten. He is the wisest scheemer whose scheme will be the latest to succeed. The greatest discoverers have not to fear that any will infringe on their patents during their lives. ancestors.I do not here affirm unchangeableness of the future; but we can see further into the future with the evidence of faith than into the past, with the evidence of history; and we expect from the future changes to be paralleled only, perchance, by experiences which the race has forgotten. He is the wisest scheemer whose scheme will be the latest to succeed. The greatest discoverers have not to fear that any will infringe on their patents during their lives. ancestors.I do not here affirm unchangeableness of the future; but we can see further into the future with the evidence of faith than into the past, with the evidence of history; and we expect from the future changes to be paralleled only, perchance, by experiences which the race has forgotten. He is the wisest scheemer whose scheme will be the latest to succeed. The greatest discoverers have not to fear that any will infringe on their patents during their lives. ancestors. ancestors. ancestors. ancestors.
17a
Economy 17a written: B rewritten: C, D

(Ronald Clapper)
By the term term phrase, phrase, words, words, words, words, necessary of life , I mean whatever, of of all that man obtains by his exertions, of all that man obtains by his exertions, of all that man obtains by his exertions, of all that man obtains by his exertions, of all that man obtains by his exertions, of all that man obtains by his exertions, has been from the first, or from long use has become, so important to human life that few, if any, whether from poverty or from motives of economy or from philosophy ever attempt to dispense with it altogether. savageness, or poverty, or from motives of economy, or from philosophy, ever attempt to dispense with it altogether. savageness, or poverty, or philosophy, ever attempt to dispense with do without it altogether. savageness, or poverty, or philosophy, ever attempt to do without it. savageness, or poverty, or philosophy, ever attempt to do without it. savageness, or poverty, or philosophy, ever attempt to do without it. savageness, or poverty, or philosophy, ever attempt to do without it. 17b
Economy 17b written: A rewritten: B, C, D
C: A fair copy was made of only To many creatures there is … requires more than Food and Shelter. A fair copy of additional material from Economy 17b was apparently made on a leaf (#23) now missing.

(Ronald Clapper)
To many creatures there is only in this sense but only in this sense but in this sense but in this sense but in this sense but in this sense but in this sense but in this sense but one necessary of life, Food. To the bison of the prairie it is a few inches of palatable grass, with water to drink; with water to drink; with water to drink; with water to drink; with water to drink; with water to drink; unless he seeks the Shelter of the forest or the mountain’s shadow. None of the brute creation require requires requires requires requires requires requires requires more than Food and Shelter.Perhaps Man also, we can imagine, was at first an animal—All animals are but imperfect and infantile men. In that Golden Age a mere animal in these respects—and the Nature which produced him, Nature was so genial n
Note: missing leaf follows (R. Clapper)
Shelter.Perhaps Man also, we can imagine, was at first an animal—All animals are but imperfect and infantile men. In that Golden Age a mere animal in these respects—and the Nature which produced him, Nature was so genial n
Note: missing leaf follows (R. Clapper)
Shelter.Perhaps Man also, we can imagine, was at first an animal—All animals are but imperfect and infantile men. In that Golden Age a mere animal in these respects—and the Nature which produced him, Nature was so genial n
Note: missing leaf follows (R. Clapper)
Shelter. Perhaps man also was at first a mere animal in these respects, and the Nature which produced him was so genial that he wanted only food to sustain his life, and this was almost completely provided and prepared for him, like albumen which surrounds the young bird in the egg. On which supposition But after the lapse of geological periods, Nature grown less fond, though not less kind, drove him from her breast, and is still driving him, with increasing sternness and coldness, as some assert, and gradually weaning her child. He must earn his living at last by the sweat of his brow, that is, the exercise of his brain, in other words, the development of reason. If he would maintain his position on earth, he must build, and hunt, and weave, and fell, and mine. What was the effort of reason in ancient men, has become, in a degree, instinct in their posterity, while, perchance, the seeds of new instincts still are being planted today. However this may be, Shelter. Shelter. Shelter. Shelter.
For man, in this climate, the necessaries of life may, For man, in this climate, the necessaries of life may, The necessaries of life for man in this climate may, accurately enough, The necessaries of life for man in this climate may, accurately enough, The necessaries of life for man in this climate may, accurately enough, The necessaries of life for man in this climate may, accurately enough, The necessaries of life for man in this climate may, accurately enough, The necessaries of life for man in this climate may, accurately enough, be distributed under the several heads of Food, Shelter, Clothing, and Fuel; for not till we have secured these are we prepared to entertain the true problems of life with freedom and a prospect of success. for not till we have secured these are we prepared to entertain the true problems of life with freedom and a prospect of success. for not till we have secured these are we prepared to entertain the true problems of life with freedom and a prospect of success. for not till we have secured these are we prepared to entertain the true problems of life with freedom and a prospect of success. for not till we have secured these are we prepared to entertain the true problems of life with freedom and a prospect of success. for not till we have secured these are we prepared to entertain the true problems of life with freedom and a prospect of success. for he has invented for he has invented man has invented not only houses, but Man has invented, not only houses, but Man has invented, not only houses, but Man has invented, not only houses, but Man has invented, not only houses, but Man has invented, not only houses, but Man has invented, not only houses, but clothes and cooked food; and probably probably possibly possibly possibly possibly possibly possibly from the accidental discovery of the warmth of fire, and the consequent use of it, and the consequent use of it, and the consequent use of it, and the consequent use of it, and the consequent use of it, and the consequent use of it, at first a luxury, arose the present necessity to sit by it. We observe cats and dogs acquiring the same second nature. By proper proper proper proper proper proper proper Shelter and Fuel Clothing Clothing Clothing Clothing Clothing Clothing Clothing Clothing we legitimately retain our own internal heat; but with Fuel or at least with an excess of these or of Fuel, or at least i.e. with an excess of these, or of Fuel, that is, with an excess of these, or of Fuel, that is, with an excess of these, or of Fuel, that is, with an excess of these, or of Fuel, that is, with an excess of these, or of Fuel, that is, with an excess of these, or of Fuel, that is, with an external heat greater than our own internal, cookery may may not cookery may may not cookery may not cookery may not cookery may not cookery may not cookery may not cookery properly be said to begin. This is the state of the luxurious and wealthy? begin? begin? begin? begin? begin? begin? begin? 17c
Economy 17c written: C rewritten: D
C: Economy 17c was added in pencil on the verso of a leaf from B.

(Ronald Clapper)
Darwin, the naturalist, says of the inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego, that while his own party, who were well clothed and sitting close to a fire, were far from too warm, these naked savages, who were farther off, were observed, to his great surprise, “to be streaming with perspiration at undergoing such a roasting.” 17d
Economy 17d written: A rewritten: B, C, D
A: The order is Economy 17f, 17e, 17d.
B: Economy 17d is followed by Economy 42b.
C: A fair copy of Economy 17d was made in pencil after Economy 17c was added.

(Ronald Clapper)
So, So, we are told, So, we are told, So, we are told, So, we are told, So, we are told, So, we are told, the New Hollander who goes naked, who goes nakedwith impunity, goes naked with impunity, goes naked with impunity, goes naked with impunity, goes naked with impunity, goes naked with impunity, goes naked with impunity, while the European shivers in his clothes, warms his whole body simply by putting his extremities closer to the fire than the former can bear clothes, warms his whole body simply by putting his extremities closer to the fire than the former can bear clothes. clothes. clothes. clothes. clothes. clothes. Is it impossible to combine the hardiness of these savages with the intellectualness of the civilized man? Is it impossible to combine the hardiness of these savages with the intellectualness of the civilized man? Is it impossible to combine the hardiness of these savages with the intellectualness of the civilized man? Is it impossible to combine the hardiness of these savages with the intellectualness of the civilized man? Is it impossible to combine the hardiness of these savages with the intellectualness of the civilized man? Is it impossible to combine the hardiness of these savages with the intellectualness of the civilized man? Is it impossible to combine the hardiness of these savages with the intellectualness of the civilized man? 17e
Economy 17e written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
According to Liebig, man’s body is a box stove, boxstove, stove, stove, stove, stove, stove, stove, and food the fuel which keeps up the internal combustion in the lungs. In cold weather we eat more, in warm less. The animal heat is in fact is in fact is is is is is is the result of a slow combustion, and disease and death take place when this is too rapid; or for want of fuel, or from some defect in the draught, the fire goes out. Of course the vital heat is not to be confounded with fire; but so much for analogy. Of course the animal vital heat is not to be confounded with fire; but so much for the analogy. Of course the vital heat is not to be confounded with fire; but so much for analogy. Of course the vital heat is not to be confounded with fire; but so much for analogy. Of course the vital heat is not to be confounded with fire; but so much for analogy. Of course the vital heat is not to be confounded with fire; but so much for analogy. Of course the vital heat is not to be confounded with fire; but so much for analogy. Of course the vital heat is not to be confounded with fire; but so much for analogy. 17f
Economy 17f written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
From this list it appears It appears, then therefore, from the above list It appears, therefore, from the above list, It appears, therefore, from the above list, It appears, therefore, from the above list, It appears, therefore, from the above list, It appears, therefore, from the above list, It appears, therefore, from the above list, that the expression "animal heat" the expression "animal heat life" the expression, animal life the expression, animal life the expression, animal life the expression, animal life the expression, animal life the expression, animal life , is nearly synonymous with "animal life" — the expression "A animal life heat" — the expression, animal heat; the expression, animal heat; the expression, animal heat; the expression, animal heat; the expression, animal heat; the expression, animal heat; for Shelter Clothing and Fuel warm us, so to speak, from without, Food from within. while Food is may be regarded as the fuel which keeps up the fire within us, and Fuel serves only to prepare that Food, or to increase the warmth of our bodies by addition from without—Shelter and Clothing also serve only to retain the heat thus generated and absorbed. while Food may be regarded as the Fuel which keeps up the fire within us,—and Fuel serves only to prepare that Food or to increase the warmth of our bodies by addition from without,—Shelter and Clothing also serve only to retain the heat thus generated and absorbed. while Food may be regarded as the Fuel which keeps up the fire within us,—and Fuel serves only to prepare that Food or to increase the warmth of our bodies by addition from without,—Shelter and Clothing also serve only to retain the heat thus generated and absorbed. while Food may be regarded as the Fuel which keeps up the fire within us,—and Fuel serves only to prepare that Food or to increase the warmth of our bodies by addition from without,—Shelter and Clothing also serve only to retain the heat thus generated and absorbed. while Food may be regarded as the Fuel which keeps up the fire within us,—and Fuel serves only to prepare that Food or to increase the warmth of our bodies by addition from without,—Shelter and Clothing also serve only to retain the heat thus generated and absorbed. while Food may be regarded as the Fuel which keeps up the fire within us,—and Fuel serves only to prepare that Food or to increase the warmth of our bodies by addition from without,—Shelter and Clothing also serve only to retain the heat thus generated and absorbed. while Food may be regarded as the Fuel which keeps up the fire within us,—and Fuel serves only to prepare that Food or to increase the warmth of our bodies by addition from without,—Shelter and Clothing also serve only to retain the heat thus generated and absorbed.
18
Economy 18 written: A rewritten: B
A: Yet some, not wise, go … of course à la mode was interlined.

(Ronald Clapper)
The grand necessity, then, for our bodies, is to keep warm, to keep the vital heat in us. What pains accordingly do we take we accordingly do we take not only with our Food & Clothing & Shelter but we accordingly take, not only with our Food, and Clothing, and Shelter, but we accordingly take, not only with our Food, and Clothing, and Shelter, but we accordingly take, not only with our Food, and Clothing, and Shelter, but we accordingly take, not only with our Food, and Clothing, and Shelter, but we accordingly take, not only with our Food, and Clothing, and Shelter, but we accordingly take, not only with our Food, and Clothing, and Shelter, but with our beds, which are our night-clothes, robbing the nests & breasts of birds and their breasts and breasts of birds and breasts of birds and breasts of birds and breasts of birds and breasts of birds and breasts of birds and breasts of birds to prepare this shelter within a shelter, as the mole has its bed of grass and leaves at the end of its burrow! The poor man is wont to complain that this is a cold world; and to cold, either physical or social, we refer directly a great part of our ails. The poor man is wont to complain that this is a cold world; and to cold, no less physical than social, we refer directly a great part of our ails. The poor man is wont to complain that this is a cold world; and to cold, no less physical than social, we refer directly a great part of our ails. The poor man is wont to complain that this is a cold world; and to cold, no less physical than social, we refer directly a great part of our ails. The poor man is wont to complain that this is a cold world; and to cold, no less physical than social, we refer directly a great part of our ails. The poor man is wont to complain that this is a cold world; and to cold, no less physical than social, we refer directly a great part of our ails. The poor man is wont to complain that this is a cold world; and to cold, no less physical than social, we refer directly a great part of our ails. The summer, in some climates, in some climates, in some climates, in some climates, in some climates, in some climates, in some climates, makes possible a sort of Elysian life to man. to man a sort of Elysian life to man. to man a sort of Elysian life. to man a sort of Elysian life. to man a sort of Elysian life. to man a sort of Elysian life. to man a sort of Elysian life. to man a sort of Elysian life. Fuel, except to cook his Food, is then unnecessary; the sun is his fire, and many of the fruits are sufficiently cooked by its rays; while Food generally is more various, and more easily obtained, and Clothing and Shelter are half dispensed with even in our climate. half dispensed with even in our climate wholly or half unnecessary. wholly or half unnecessary. wholly or half unnecessary. wholly or half unnecessary. wholly or half unnecessary. wholly or half unnecessary. wholly or half unnecessary. At the present day, and in this country, as I find by my own experience, as I find by my own experience, as I find by my own experience, as I find by my own experience, as I find by my own experience, as I find by my own experience, as I find by my own experience, a few implements, a knife, an axe, a spade, a wheelbarrow, &c., and with with for for for for for for for the studious, light, light lamplight, lamplight, lamplight, lamplight, lamplight, lamplight, lamplight, stationery, and access to a few books, rank next to necessaries, and can all be obtained at a trifling cost. Yet some, not wise, will go willgo go go go go go go to the other side of the globe, to barbarous and unhealthy regions, and devote themselves to trade for ten or twenty years, in order that they may livecomfortably, live, live, live, live, live, live, live, — that is, keep comfortably warm,—and die in New England at last. The luxuriously rich are not simply kept comfortably warm, they are cooked—done brown, as you may say— but are but but but but but but but unnaturally hot; as we said we I implied I implied I implied I implied I implied I implied I implied before, they are cooked, of course always of course of course always of course of course of course of course of course of course of course à la mode .
19a
Economy 19a written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
To the elevation and ennoblement of mankind what are called the luxuries & many of the comforts of life are not only not indispensable, but positive hindrances. To the elevation and ennoblement of mankind what are called Most of the luxuries and many of the so-called comforts of life are not only not indispensable, but positive hinderances to the elevation of mankind. Most of the luxuries, and many of the so-called comforts of life, are not only not indispensable, but positive hinderances to the elevation of mankind. Most of the luxuries, and many of the so-called comforts of life, are not only not indispensable, but positive hinderances to the elevation of mankind. Most of the luxuries, and many of the so-called comforts of life, are not only not indispensable, but positive hinderances to the elevation of mankind. Most of the luxuries, and many of the so-called comforts of life, are not only not indispensable, but positive hinderances to the elevation of mankind. Most of the luxuries, and many of the so-called comforts of life, are not only not indispensable, but positive hinderances to the elevation of mankind. Most of the luxuries, and many of the so-called comforts of life, are not only not indispensable, but positive hinderances to the elevation of mankind. With respect to luxuries and comforts, the wisest have ever lived a more simple and meager life than the poor. The ancient philosophers, Chinese, Hindoo, Persian, and Greek,and I may add Christ as a more popular example perhaps generally Chinese, Hindoo, Persian, and Greek, Chinese, Hindoo, Persian, and Greek, Chinese, Hindoo, Persian, and Greek, Chinese, Hindoo, Persian, and Greek, Chinese, Hindoo, Persian, and Greek, Chinese, Hindoo, Persian, and Greek, were a class of men than whom none were have been poorer in respect to class of men than which none have been poorer in respect to class than which none has been poorer in class than which none has been poorer in class than which none has been poorer in class than which none has been poorer in class than which none has been poorer in class than which none has been poorer in outward riches, none so rich in inward. We know not much about them. It is astonishing that we can know so much as we do astonishing remarkable that we can know so much of them as we do. The same is true of the most important reformers that have lived remarkable that we know so much of them as we do. remarkable that we know so much of them as we do. remarkable that we know so much of them as we do. remarkable that we know so much of them as we do. remarkable that we know so much of them as we do. remarkable that we know so much of them as we do. The same is true of the more modern reformers and benefactors of their race. None can be an impartial or wise observer of human life but from the vantage ground of what we should call voluntary poverty. Of a life of luxury the fruit is luxury, whether in agriculture, or commerce, or literature, or art. 19b
Economy 19b written: B rewritten: C
C: A fair copy was made of Economy 19b on a leaf from B.

(Ronald Clapper)
Critics have been very lavish of the word philosopher of late. According to them every century has had several. But we have forgotten what the name implies. These men were perhaps We hear nowadays of professors of philosophy, of readers of it, sometimes even of utterers of it to a slight extent, but never of livers of it. But We hear nowadays of professors of philosophy, of readers of it, sometimes even of utterers of it to a slight extent, but never of livers of it. But There are nowadays professors of philosophy, but not philosophers. Yet There are nowadays professors of philosophy, but not philosophers. Yet There are nowadays professors of philosophy, but not philosophers. Yet There are nowadays professors of philosophy, but not philosophers. Yet There are nowadays professors of philosophy, but not philosophers. Yet There are nowadays professors of philosophy, but not philosophers. Yet it is admirable to profess, to or read, to or utter, simply profess or read or utter, simply profess profess profess profess profess because it was once admirable to live. To be a philosopher is not even not merely not merely not merely not merely not merely not merely to have subtle thoughts, and and nor even to nor even to nor even to nor even to nor even to found a school, merely, but, what is infinitely rarer still, to live a life of simplicity, of independence, of magnanimity and trust, such as the weak, the unwise and the dependent can not live. —With the actual life of man for the problem, to see how you can solve it! few have ever lived. It is to solve some of the problems of life both theoretically & practically Some modern men who have copied the title of philosopher have had skill and ambition and skill enough to lead partially successful and pleasing lives under the circumstances, but there is no bending of circumstances under their hands. It is considering their circumstances, but theirs was at best a courtier like success, not kingly, not manly. We are pigmies and dwarfs. They have made shift to live merely by conformity & a kind of flattery of fate Where are the progenitors of a nobler race of men?—the founders of nations? Why do It would be well to ask ourselves why merely but so to love wisdom as to live according to its dictates, a life of simplicity, independence, magnanimity & trust. It is to solve some of the problems of life, which it is given to all to solve, not only theoretically but practically. Some modern men who have borne this title have had ambition and skill enough to lead partially successful lives, considering their circumstances, but theirs was at best The success of great scholars & thinkers is commonly a courtier like success, not kingly, not manly. They have made make shift to live merely by conformity and by flattering their fates. Where are practically as their fathers did and are in no sense the progenitors of a nobler race of men —the founders of nations? It would be well to ask ourselves why But why do but so to love wisdom as to live according to its dictates, a life of simplicity, independence, magnanimity, and trust. It is to solve some of the problems of life, not only theoretically, but practically. The success of great scholars and thinkers is commonly a courtier-like success, not kingly, not manly. They make shift to live merely by conformity, practically as their fathers did, and are in no sense the progenitors of a nobler race of men. But why do but so to love wisdom as to live according to its dictates, a life of simplicity, independence, magnanimity, and trust. It is to solve some of the problems of life, not only theoretically, but practically. The success of great scholars and thinkers is commonly a courtier-like success, not kingly, not manly. They make shift to live merely by conformity, practically as their fathers did, and are in no sense the progenitors of a nobler race of men. But why do but so to love wisdom as to live according to its dictates, a life of simplicity, independence, magnanimity, and trust. It is to solve some of the problems of life, not only theoretically, but practically. The success of great scholars and thinkers is commonly a courtier-like success, not kingly, not manly. They make shift to live merely by conformity, practically as their fathers did, and are in no sense the progenitors of a nobler race of men. But why do but so to love wisdom as to live according to its dictates, a life of simplicity, independence, magnanimity, and trust. It is to solve some of the problems of life, not only theoretically, but practically. The success of great scholars and thinkers is commonly a courtier-like success, not kingly, not manly. They make shift to live merely by conformity, practically as their fathers did, and are in no sense the progenitors of a nobler race of men. But why do but so to love wisdom as to live according to its dictates, a life of simplicity, independence, magnanimity, and trust. It is to solve some of the problems of life, not only theoretically, but practically. The success of great scholars and thinkers is commonly a courtier-like success, not kingly, not manly. They make shift to live merely by conformity, practically as their fathers did, and are in no sense the progenitors of a nobler race of men. But why do men degenerate ever? What makes families run out? What is the nature of that luxury that which that the luxury which the luxury which the luxury which the luxury which the luxury which the luxury which enervates and destroys nations? And is there are we sure that there is And are we sure that there is Are we sure that there is Are we sure that there is Are we sure that there is Are we sure that there is Are we sure that there is none of it in our own our own our own our own our own our own our own lives? As I have said the philosopher is in advance of his age not merely in his discourse, but in his life, even in the outward form and outward mode if it. As I have said Certainly the philosopher is in advance of his age, not merely in his discourse, but in his life, even in the outward form & mode of it of his life. The philosopher is in advance of his age even in the outward form of his life. The philosopher is in advance of his age even in the outward form of his life. The philosopher is in advance of his age even in the outward form of his life. The philosopher is in advance of his age even in the outward form of his life. The philosopher is in advance of his age even in the outward form of his life. He is not fed, sheltered, clothed, warmed, like his fellows. fellows contemporaries. contemporaries. contemporaries. contemporaries. contemporaries. contemporaries. How can a man be a philosopher and not maintain his vital heat by better methods than other men?
20
Economy 20 written: A rewritten: B, C
C: A fair copy was made only of When a man is warmed … rise in the same proportion.

(Ronald Clapper)
When a man is warmed by the several modes which which which which which which which I have described, what more does he want? Not surely more does he want? Not surely does he want next? Surely not does he want next? Surely not does he want next? Surely not does he want next? Surely not does he want next? Surely not does he want next? Surely not does he want next? Surely not more warmth of the same kind, as more and richer food, larger and more splendid houses, finer and more abundant clothing, more numerous incessant and hotter fires, and the like. When he has obtained those things which are necessary to life, there is another alternative than to obtain the superfluities; and that is, When he has obtained those things which are necessary to life there is another alternative than to obtain the superfluities, which & that is When he has obtained those things which are necessary to life, there is another alternative than to obtain the superfluities; and that is, When he has obtained those things which are necessary to life, there is another alternative than to obtain the superfluities; and that is, When he has obtained those things which are necessary to life, there is another alternative than to obtain the superfluities; and that is, When he has obtained those things which are necessary to life, there is another alternative than to obtain the superfluities; and that is, When he has obtained those things which are necessary to life, there is another alternative than to obtain the superfluities; and that is, to adventure on life now, his vacation from humbler toil from humbler toil from humbler toil from humbler toil from humbler toil having commenced. The soil, it seems, seems, seems appears, appears, appears, appears, appears, appears, is suited to the seed, and it may germinate expand and unfold its germ at length. and it may expand and unfold its germ at length. and it may unfold its germ at length for it has sent its radicle downward, & it may now send its shoot upward also with confidence. for it has sent its radicle downward, and it may now send its shoot upward also with confidence. for it has sent its radicle downward, and it may now send its shoot upward also with confidence. for it has sent its radicle downward, and it may now send its shoot upward also with confidence. for it has sent its radicle downward, and it may now send its shoot upward also with confidence. for it has sent its radicle downward, and it may now send its shoot upward also with confidence. Why has he he he man man man man man man rooted himself thus firmly in the earth, but that he may rise in the same proportion into the heavens above?—for the nobler plants bear their fruit bear their fruit are valued for the fruit they bear are valued for the fruit they bear are valued for the fruit they bear are valued for the fruit they bear are valued for the fruit they bear are valued for the fruit they bear are valued for the fruit they bear at last in the air and light, far from the ground, and are not treated treated treated treated treated treated treated like the humbler esculents, continually cut down at top that they make more root. continually cut down at top that they may make more root which though they may be biennials are cultivated only till they have perfected their root & are often cut down at top for this purpose, so that most would not know them in their flowering season. which, though they may be biennials, are cultivated only till they have perfected their root, and often cut down at top for this purpose, so that most would not know them in their flowering season. which, though they may be biennials, are cultivated only till they have perfected their root, and often cut down at top for this purpose, so that most would not know them in their flowering season. which, though they may be biennials, are cultivated only till they have perfected their root, and often cut down at top for this purpose, so that most would not know them in their flowering season. which, though they may be biennials, are cultivated only till they have perfected their root, and often cut down at top for this purpose, so that most would not know them in their flowering season. which, though they may be biennials, are cultivated only till they have perfected their root, and often cut down at top for this purpose, so that most would not know them in their flowering season. which, though they may be biennials, are cultivated only till they have perfected their root, and often cut down at top for this purpose, so that most would not know them in their flowering season.
21
Economy 21 written: A rewritten: B
B: Economy 21 is followed by Economy106b.

(Ronald Clapper)
I do not mean to prescribe rules here rules here rules rules rules rules rules rules to strong and valiant natures, which that who who who who who who who will mind their own affairs in heaven or hell indifferently, and whether in heaven or hell indifferently, and perchance whether in heaven or hell, and perchance whether in heaven or hell, and perchance whether in heaven or hell, and perchance whether in heaven or hell, and perchance whether in heaven or hell, and perchance whether in heaven or hell, and perchance build more magnificently and spend more lavishly than Croesus, Croesus the richest, the richest, the richest, the richest, the richest, the richest, the richest, without ever impoverishing themselves, not knowing how they live,— nor to those, if there are any, if indeed there are any such; nor to those, if there are any, if, indeed, there are any such, as has been dreamed; nor to those if, indeed, there are any such, as has been dreamed; nor to those if, indeed, there are any such, as has been dreamed; nor to those if, indeed, there are any such, as has been dreamed; nor to those if, indeed, there are any such, as has been dreamed; nor to those if, indeed, there are any such, as has been dreamed; nor to those who find their encouragement and inspiration in precisely the present condition of society, society things, things, things, things, things, things, things, and cherish it with the fondness and enthusiasm of lovers,— not and in one sense I reckon myself in this number—I do not speak and in one sense to some extent I reckon myself in this number—I do not speak and, to some extent, I reckon myself in this number; I do not speak and, to some extent, I reckon myself in this number; I do not speak and, to some extent, I reckon myself in this number; I do not speak and, to some extent, I reckon myself in this number; I do not speak and, to some extent, I reckon myself in this number; I do not speak and, to some extent, I reckon myself in this number; I do not speak to those who are well employed, under under in in in in in in in whatever circumstances, and they will know willknow know know know know know know whether they are well employed or not;—but I speak mainly mainly mainly mainly mainly mainly to the mass of men who are discontented, and idly complaining of the hardness of their lot and and or or or or or or or of the times, when they might improve them. Why! there Why, there There There There There There There are some who complain most energetically and inconsolably of all because, as they say, they are doing their duty.—And I also speak to and inconsolably of all any, because they are, as they say, they are doing their duty.—And I also speak to and inconsolably of any, because they are, as they say, doing their duty. I also have in mind and inconsolably of any, because they are, as they say, doing their duty. I also have in mind and inconsolably of any, because they are, as they say, doing their duty. I also have in mind and inconsolably of any, because they are, as they say, doing their duty. I also have in mind and inconsolably of any, because they are, as they say, doing their duty. I also have in mind and inconsolably of any, because they are, as they say, doing their duty. I also have in mind that seemingly wealthy, but most terribly impoverished class of all, who have accumulated dross, but know not how to spend use use use use use use use use it, or get rid of it, and thus have forged their own golden or silver fetters.

22
Economy 22 written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
If I should undertake undertake attempt attempt attempt attempt attempt attempt attempt to tell how I have desired to spend my life in years past, I should probably only startle I should probably only startle it would probably surprise it would probably surprise it would probably surprise it would probably surprise it would probably surprise it would probably surprise it would probably surprise you those n
Note: space left blank during original copying (R. Clapper)
those of my readers
those of my readers those of my readers those of my readers those of my readers those of my readers those of my readers
who are somewhat acquainted with its actual history; it would certainly astonish those who know nothing about it. I should certainly startle astonish those who know nothing about it it would certainly astonish those who know nothing about it. it would certainly astonish those who know nothing about it. it would certainly astonish those who know nothing about it. it would certainly astonish those who know nothing about it. it would certainly astonish those who know nothing about it. it would certainly astonish those who know nothing about it. I will only hint at some of the enterprises which which which which which which which I have cherished.
23
Economy 23 written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
In any weather, at any hour of the day or night, I have been anxious to improve the nick of time, and notch it on my stick too; to stand on the meeting of two eternities, the past and future, which is precisely the present time moment; moment; moment; moment; moment; moment; moment; moment; to toe that line. You will pardon some obscurities, for I believe for I believe that for for for for for for there are more secrets in my trade than in most men’s, and yet not voluntary ones either, voluntary ones either voluntarily kept, voluntarily kept, voluntarily kept, voluntarily kept, voluntarily kept, voluntarily kept, voluntarily kept, but inseparable from its very nature. I would gladly tell all that that that that that that that I know about it, and never paint “No Admittance” on my gate.
24
Economy 24 written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
I long ago lost a hound, and a turtle dove and a bay horse and a turtledove, a bay horse, and a turtledove, a bay horse, and a turtledove, a bay horse, and a turtledove, a bay horse, and a turtledove, a bay horse, and a turtledove, a bay horse, and a turtledove, a bay horse, and a turtledove, and am still on their trail. Many’s the traveller Many’s the traveller Many are the travellers Many are the travellers Many are the travellers Many are the travellers Many are the travellers Many are the travellers Many are the travellers I have spoken concerning them, describing their tracks and what calls they answered to. I have met one or two who had heard the hound, and the tramp of the horse, and even seen the dove disappear behind a cloud, and they seemed as anxious to recover them as if they had lost them themselves.
25
Economy 25 written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
To anticipate, not the sunrise and the dawn merely, but, if possible, Nature herself! How many mornings, summer and winter, before yet any man man neighbor neighbor neighbor neighbor neighbor neighbor was stirring about his business, I have I have I have I have I have I have I have I have I been about mine! No doubt, some some many many many many many many many of my hearers readers n
Note: space left blank during original copying (R. Clapper)
townsmen
townsmen townsmen townsmen townsmen townsmen townsmen
have met me returning from this enterprise, farmers starting for Boston in the twilight, or woodchoppers going to their work. To be sure, To be sure It is true, It is true, It is true, It is true, It is true, It is true, It is true, I never assisted the sun materially in his rising, but, be sure depend upon it doubt not, doubt not, doubt not, doubt not, doubt not, doubt not, doubt not, doubt not, it was of the last importance only to be present at it. How many an afternoon has been stolen from more profitable if not more attractive industry, afternoons where a good run of custom might have been expected on the main street, tempting all womankind out of a shopping, spent I say by me on the margin of the meadows, in the well nigh hopeless attempt to set this river on fire, or be set on fire by it, with such tinder as I had with such flint as I was. it. How many an afternoon has been stolen from more profitable if not more attractive industry, afternoons were a good run of custom might have been expected on the main street, tempting all womankind out of a shopping—spent I say by me on the margin of the meadows in the well night hopeless attempt to set this river on fire, or be set on fire by it, with such tinder a I had, with such flint as I was. it. it. it. it. it. it.
26
Economy 26 written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
So many autumn, ay, and wintry winter winter winter winter winter winter winter days, spent outside the town, trying to hear what was in the wind, to hear and carry it express! I well-nigh sunk all my capital in it, and lost my own breath into the bargain, running in the face of it. If it had concerned either of the political political political political political political political political parties, depend upon it, it would have appeared in the Gazette with the earliest intelligence. At other times watching from the observatory of some the cliffs or some tree the cliffs or some tree some cliff or tree, some cliff or tree, some cliff or tree, some cliff or tree, some cliff or tree, some cliff or tree, to telegraph any new arrival; or or waiting at evening on the hill tops for the sky to fall, that I might catch something, though I never caught much, only a little manna-wise, that would dissolve again in the sun. or waiting at evening on the hill-tops for the sky to fall, that I might catch something, though I never caught much, only a little manna-wise, that would dissolve & that manna-wise, which dissolved again in the sun. waiting at evening on the hill-tops for the sky to fall, that I might catch something, though I never caught much, and that, manna-wise, would dissolve again in the sun. waiting at evening on the hill-tops for the sky to fall, that I might catch something, though I never caught much, and that, manna-wise, would dissolve again in the sun. waiting at evening on the hill-tops for the sky to fall, that I might catch something, though I never caught much, and that, manna-wise, would dissolve again in the sun. waiting at evening on the hill-tops for the sky to fall, that I might catch something, though I never caught much, and that, manna-wise, would dissolve again in the sun. waiting at evening on the hill-tops for the sky to fall, that I might catch something, though I never caught much, and that, manna-wise, would dissolve again in the sun. waiting at evening on the hill-tops for the sky to fall, that I might catch something, though I never caught much, and that, manna-wise, would dissolve again in the sun.
27
Economy 27 written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
For a long time I was reporter to a journal, of no very wide circulation, whose editor has never yet seen fit to print my contributions, whose editor has never yet seen fit to print my contributions, whose editor has never yet seen fit to print the bulk of my contributions, whose editor has never yet seen fit to print the bulk of my contributions, whose editor has never yet seen fit to print the bulk of my contributions, whose editor has never yet seen fit to print the bulk of my contributions, whose editor has never yet seen fit to print the bulk of my contributions, whose editor has never yet seen fit to print the bulk of my contributions, and, as is too common with writers, with writers, with writers, with writers, with writers, with writers, with writers, I got only my pains for my labor labor for my pains. Literary contracts are so little binding. labor for my pains Literary contracts are so little binding. labor for my pains. labor for my pains. labor for my pains. labor for my pains. labor for my pains. labor for my pains. However, in this case my pains were their own reward. However in this case my labor was its pains were their own reward. However, in this case my pains were their own reward. However, in this case my pains were their own reward. However, in this case my pains were their own reward. However, in this case my pains were their own reward. However, in this case my pains were their own reward. However, in this case my pains were their own reward. However, in this case my pains were their own reward.
28
Economy 28 written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
For many years I was self-appointed inspector of snow storms and rain storms, and did my duty faithfully; surveyor, if not of highways, then of forest paths and all across-lot routes, keeping them open, and ravines bridged and passable at all seasons, where the public heel had testified to their utility.
29
Economy 29 written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
I have looked after the wild stock of the town, which pastures in common which as everyone knows give you pastures pasture in common, which as everyone knows give you & give a faithful herdsman give a faithful herdsman give a faithful herdsman give a faithful herdsman give a faithful herdsman give a faithful herdsman give a faithful herdsman a good deal of trouble in the way of in the way of by by by by by by by leaping fences; and I I I I I I I have had an eye to the unfrequented nooks and corners of the farm; though I did not always know whether Jonas or Solomon worked in a particular field to-day; that was none of my business. I have watered the red huckleberry, the sand cherry and the nettle tree, the cornel, the cornel the red pine, the wild holly, and the black ash, the red pine and the black ash, the red pine and the black ash, the red pine and the black ash, the red pine and the black ash, the red pine and the black ash, the red pine and the black ash, the white grape and the yellow violet, which might have withered else in dry seasons.
30
Economy 30 written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
In short, I went on thus thus thus thus thus thus thus for a long time, I may say it without boasting, faithfully minding my business, till it became more and more evident that my townsmen would not after all admit me into the list of town officers, nor make my place a sinecure with a moderate allowance. My accounts, which indeed, which I can swear to have been faithfully kept, I have, indeed, which I can swear to have been faithfully kept, I have indeed, which I can swear to have kept faithfully, I have, indeed, which I can swear to have kept faithfully, I have, indeed, which I can swear to have kept faithfully, I have, indeed, which I can swear to have kept faithfully, I have, indeed, which I can swear to have kept faithfully, I have, indeed, which I can swear to have kept faithfully, I have, indeed, never got audited, still less accepted, still less paid and settled. However, I have not set my heart on that.
31
Economy 31 written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
The other day Not long since, as I heard, Not long since, Not long since, Not long since, Not long since, a strolling Indian went to sell baskets at the house of a well-known lawyer in Concord my neighborhood. my neighborhood. my neighborhood. my neighborhood. “Do you wish to buy any baskets?” he asked. “No, we do not want any,” was the reply. “What!” exclaimed the Indian as he went out the gate, “do you mean to starve us?” exclaimed the former as he was going out the gate exclaimed the Indian as he went out the gate, “do you mean to starve us?” exclaimed the Indian as he went out the gate, “do you mean to starve us?” exclaimed the Indian as he went out the gate, “do you mean to starve us?” exclaimed the Indian as he went out the gate, “do you mean to starve us?” Apparentlyhaving Having Having Having Having seen his industrious white neighbors so well off,—that the lawyer had only to weave arguments, and by some magical means magic magic magic magic magic wealth and standing followed, he had said to himself, “I will do like the white man; himself; himself; himself; himself; I will go into business; I will weave baskets; it is a thing which I can do. Thinking that when he had made the baskets he had would have would have would have would have would have done his part, and now it was ours then it would be the white man’s then it would be the white man’s then it would be the white man’s then it would be the white man’s then it would be the white man’s to buy them. He had not discovered that it was necessary for him to make it worth our the other’s the other’s the other’s the other’s the other’s while to buy them, or at least make him see that it was so, or at least make him think that it was so, or at least make him think that it was so, or at least make him think that it was so, or at least make him think that it was so, or to make something else which it would be worth our his his his his his while to buy. I too had woven baskets a kind of basket a kind of basket a kind of basket a kind of basket a kind of basket of a delicate texture, but I had not made it worth any one’s while to buy them. Yet not the less, in my case, was did I think did I think did I think did I think did I think it worth my while to weave them, and and and and and instead of studying how to make it worth men’s while to buy my baskets, I studied rather how to avoid the necessity of selling them. The life which men praise and regard as successful is but one kind. Why should we exaggerate any one kind at the expense of the others? You have not described a man when you have told his race. There are several varieties thereafter among of plants. I am astonished at the security with which certain of men’s enterprises proceed to. I never cooperate, or feel the least sympathy with them. I cannot easily imagine a revolution in which I could be more than a spectator! Toward most of my neighbors I am compelled to feel—like the Chinese philosopher—I am I and you are you. I am glad we can be distinct. others? others? others? others?
32
Economy 32 written: A rewritten: B
A: using such slender means … not so sad as foolish was added to the manuscript on a partial leaf.

(Ronald Clapper)
I found in short that they I found in short that they As I have said finding that my fellow-citizens Finding that my fellow-citizens Finding that my fellow-citizens Finding that my fellow-citizens Finding that my fellow-citizens Finding that my fellow-citizens Finding that my fellow-citizens were not likely to offer me any office office room room room room room room room in the court house, or or or or or or or any curacy or living any where else, but I must shift for myself, So I So I I I I I I I turned my face more exclusively than ever to the woods, where I was better known. I determined to go into business at once, without waiting without waiting & not wait and not wait and not wait and not wait and not wait and not wait and not wait to acquire the usual the usual the usual the usual the usual the usual the usual capital, using such slender means as I had already got. using such slender means as I had already got. using such slender means as I had already got. using such slender means as I had already got. using such slender means as I had already got. using such slender means as I had already got. using such slender means as I had already got. using such slender means as I had already got. My object object purpose purpose purpose purpose purpose purpose purpose in going to Walden Pond was not to live cheaply nor to live dearly there, but to transact some private business with the fewest ob stacles; a business to be prevented a business to be prevented to be hindered to be hindered to be hindered to be hindered to be hindered to be hindered to be hindered from accomplishing which for want of a little common sense, a little enterprise and business talent, seemedseemed appeared appeared appeared appeared appeared appeared appeared appeared not so sad as foolish.
33
Economy 33 written: A rewritten: B
B: A fair copy was made of only I have always endeavored … many parts of the coast almost at the same). A fair copy was apparently made of the rest of Economy 33 on a leaf (#43) now missing.

(Ronald Clapper)
Strict business habits I have always endeavored to acquire; Strict business habits I have always endeavored to acquire strict business habits; I have always endeavored to acquire strict business habits; I have always endeavored to acquire strict business habits; I have always endeavored to acquire strict business habits; I have always endeavored to acquire strict business habits; I have always endeavored to acquire strict business habits; I have always endeavored to acquire strict business habits; they are indispensable to every man. If your trade is with the Celestial Empire, then some small counting house on the coast, in some Salem harbor, will be fixture enough. You will export such articles as the country affords, purely native products, much ice and pine timber and a little granite, always in native bottoms. These will be good ventures. To oversee all the details yourself in person; to be at once pilot and captain, and owner and underwriter; to buy and sell and keep the accounts; to read every letter received, and write or read every letter sent; to superintend the discharge of imports night and day; to be upon many parts of the coast almost at the same time;—often the richest freight will be discharged upon a Jersey shore; — to be your own telegraph, unweariedly sweeping the horizon, speaking all passing vessels bound coastwise; to keep up a steady despatch of commodities, for the supply of such a distant and exorbitant market; to keep yourself yourself yourself yourself yourself yourself yourself informed of the state of the markets, prospects of war and peace every where, and anticipate the tendencies of trade and civilization,—taking advantage of the results of all exploring expeditions, using new passages and all improvements in navigation;—charts to be studied, the position of reefs and new lights and buoys to be ascertained, and ever, and ever, the logarithmic tables to be corrected, for by the error of some calculator the vessel often splits upon a rock that should have reached a friendly pier,—there is the untold fate of La Perouse; —universal science to be kept pace with, studying the lives of all great discoverers and navigators, great adventurers and merchants, from Han no and the Phœnicians down to our days; day; day; day; day; day; day; day; in fine, account of stock to be taken from time to time, to know how you stand. It is a labor to task the faculties of a man,—such problems of profit and loss, of interest, of tare and tret, and gauging of all kinds in it, as demand a universal knowledge.
34
Economy 34 written: A rewritten: B
B: A fair copy was made of only be good policy to divulge … face of the earth. A fair copy was apparently made of the rest of Economy 34 on a leaf (#43) now missing.

(Ronald Clapper)
I have thought that Walden Pond would be a good place for business, not solely on account of the railroad and the ice trade; it offers advantages which it may not be good policy to divulge yet it is the object of this book to divulge them; divulge yet it is the object of this book to divulge them; divulge; divulge; divulge; divulge; divulge; divulge; it is a good port and a good foundation. No Neva marshes to be filled; though I suppose though I suppose that though though though though though though you must every where build on piles of your own driving. It is said that a flood-tide, with a westerly wind, and ice in the Neva, would sweep St. Petersburg from the face of the earth.
35a
Economy 35a written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
As this business was to be entered in into into into into into into into without the usual capital, it may not be easy to conjecture where those means, that will still be indispensable to every such such such such such such such undertaking, were to be obtained. As for Clothing, to come at once to the practical part of the question, to come at once to the practical part of the question, to come at once to the practical part of the question, to come at once to the practical part of the question, to come at once to the practical part of the question, to come at once to the practical part of the question, to come at once to the practical part of the question, to come at once to the practical part of the question, perhaps we are oftener led oftener led oftener led oftener led oftener led oftener led oftener led oftener led oftener by the love of novelty, and a regard for the opinions of men, in procuring it, than by a true utility. It was no doubt the strongest argument against the faith of the Millerites, that most of them continued to build and accumulate property so as to be prepared in case the world should not come to an end—But utility.It was no doubt the strongest argument against the faith of the Millerites, that most of them continued to build and accumulate property so as the be prepared in case the world should not come to an end. From the stock of clothing which some are accustomed to lay in I judge that they do not expect that the world will soon come to an end. But utility. utility. utility. utility. utility. utility. Let him who has work to do reflect reflect recollect recollect recollect recollect recollect recollect recollect that the object of clothing is, first, to retain the animal animal vital vital vital vital vital vital vital heat, and secondly, in this state of society, to cover nakedness, and how much of any important and necessary work might be accomplished without making any addition to his wardrobe! and there will be found old clothes enough in everybody’s garret to last till the Millenium if he only has faith in that. The bank bill that is torn in two will pass if you save the pieces, if you have only got the essential piece with the signatures. Lowell & Manchester think you will let their broadcloth currency go when it is torn, but hold on, have an eye to the signature, clout the back of it, or if it is a transmittendum endorse the name of him from whom you received it and he may judge how much of any important and necessary or important work might may be accomplished without making any addition adding to his wardrobe —aye there will be found old clothes enough in every body’s garret to last till the Millenium. If he only have faith in that. The bank bill that is torn in two will pass if you save the pieces, if you have only got only the essential piece with the signatures & so it is with our garments: they may be much worn & torn & even clouted—and yet be passable. Lowell and Manchester think that you will let their broadcloth currency go when it is torn, but hold on, have an eye to the signature, clout the back of it or aye, the front of it, and if it is a transmittendum, endorse the name of be not ashamed to meet him from whom you received it and he may judge how much of any necessary or important work may be accomplished without adding to his wardrobe. and he may judge how much of any necessary or important work may be accomplished without adding to his wardrobe. and he may judge how much of any necessary or important work may be accomplished without adding to his wardrobe. and he may judge how much of any necessary or important work may be accomplished without adding to his wardrobe. and he may judge how much of any necessary or important work may be accomplished without adding to his wardrobe. and he may judge how much of any necessary or important work may be accomplished without adding to his wardrobe. 35b
Economy 35b written: A rewritten: B
A & B: Economy 35b is preceded by Economy 35c. The present order was interlined in pencil in B

(Ronald Clapper)
Kings and queens who wear a suit but once, though made by some tailor or dress-maker to their majesties, cannot know the comfort of wearing a suit that fits. They are no better than wooden horses to hang the clean clothes on. Every day our garments become more assimilated to us and receive us ourselves and receive ourselves, receiving ourselves, receiving ourselves, receiving ourselves, receiving ourselves, receiving ourselves, receiving the impress of the wearer’s char acter, until we hesitate to lay them aside, without such delay and medical appliances and some such solemnity even as our bodies. and they should not be laid it would be natural not to lay them aside but after such delay and medical appliances and such solemnity as our bodies. until we hesitate to lay them aside, without such delay and medical appliances and some such solemnity even as our bodies. until we hesitate to lay them aside, without such delay and medical appliances and some such solemnity even as our bodies. until we hesitate to lay them aside, without such delay and medical appliances and some such solemnity even as our bodies. until we hesitate to lay them aside, without such delay and medical appliances and some such solemnity even as our bodies. until we hesitate to lay them aside, without such delay and medical appliances and some such solemnity even as our bodies. until we hesitate to lay them aside, without such delay and medical appliances and some such solemnity even as our bodies. 35c
Economy 35c written: A rewritten: B
A & B: Economy 35c precedes Economy 35b.

(Ronald Clapper)
No man ever stood the lower the lower the lower the lower the lower the lower the lower the lower in my estimation for having a patch in his clothes; But there is certainly greater anxiety to have clean and whole but yet I am sure there is certainly greater anxiety commonly to have clean and whole fashionable, or at least clean & unpatched yet I am sure that there is greater anxiety, commonly, to have fashionable, or at least clean and unpatched yet I am sure that there is greater anxiety, commonly, to have fashionable, or at least clean and unpatched yet I am sure that there is greater anxiety, commonly, to have fashionable, or at least clean and unpatched yet I am sure that there is greater anxiety, commonly, to have fashionable, or at least clean and unpatched yet I am sure that there is greater anxiety, commonly, to have fashionable, or at least clean and unpatched yet I am sure that there is greater anxiety, commonly, to have fashionable, or at least clean and unpatched clothes, than to have a sound conscience. though though But But But But But But But even if the rent is not patched patched mended mended, mended, mended, mended, mended, mended, perhaps the worst vice betrayed is improvidence. 35d
Economy 35d written: B rewritten: D
B: B: Economy 35d was interlined in pencil.

(Ronald Clapper)
I sometimes try my friends and acquaintances friends and acquaintances friends and acquaintances acquaintances acquaintances acquaintances acquaintances by such tests as this;—who could wear a patch, say say or say or or or or two extra seams only, over the knee? Most would think would think would think would behave as if they thought believed behave as if they believed behave as if they believed behave as if they believed behave as if they believed that their prospects for life were were were would be would be would be would be would be ruined if they should do it. It would be easier for them to hobble to town with a broken leg than with a broken pantaloon.—Or I ask who could trundle a wheelbarrow through the village streets—few could stand this test pantaloon.—Or I ask who could trundle a wheelbarrow through the village streets—few could stand this test pantaloon.—Or I ask who could trundle a wheelbarrow through the village streets—many could not stand this test. pantaloon. pantaloon. pantaloon. pantaloon. 35e
Economy 35e written: D rewritten: D
D: Economy 35e was interlined in pencil on one of the early leaves in D (#47) that fits the B-C numbering sequence and was later recopied.

(Ronald Clapper)
Often if an accident happens to a gentleman’s legs, they can be mended; but if a similar accident happens to the legs of his pantaloons, there r
Revision note: D1: is usually
is usually
is is is is
no help for it; for he considers, not what is truly respectable, but what is respected. 35f
Economy 35f written: A rewritten: B, D

(Ronald Clapper)
We know after all know after all know know know know know know but few men, a great many coats and breeches. Dress a scarecrow in your last shift, you standing shiftless by, who would not soonest salute the scarecrow? 35g
Economy 35g written: D
D: Economy 35g was interlined in pencil.

(Ronald Clapper)
Passing a cornfield the other day, close by a hat and coat on a stake, I recognized the owner of the farm. He was only a little more weather-beaten than when I saw him last. In fact the back being toward me I missed nothing and thought to myself that if I were a crow I should not fear the presence of him at all. This same coat on a stick made on one the total impression which the farmer never was wont to have had on the other hand. Also, I have frequently mistaken a laborer in the field for a scarecrow. last. last. last. last. 35h
Economy 35h written: D rewritten: G
D: Economy 35h, which was interlined in D, follows Economy 39a.

(Ronald Clapper)
I have heard of a dog that barked at every stranger who approached his master’s premises with clothes on, but was easily quieted by a naked man. man. man. man. How often have I seen a countryman come into town a-shopping in a high-set wagon, whose clothes looked as if they were made before the last war by a maiden sister,—no reproach to her,—his coat hung so high that you could see the whole of his waistcoat pockets beneath it, while the scant coat-tail hastened to a speedy conclusion, like a frog couchant on a bank; the funnel-shaped sleeves halting at a respectable distance from his victorious palms; and the collar hard-rolled and round like a boa constrictor tempting prompting you to run to his rescue, or as if crisped by an agony of heat; his waistcoat striped like a zebra’s skin a kind of coarse grating or gridiron over the furnace of his heart; his pants straight and round as a stove-pipe, into which his boots fitted smoke tight at a height which preserved them guiltless of his country’s mud; and his narrow-brimmed hat towering straight and round like a column to meet the sun in his rising, of equal diameter throughout, the torso of a shaft, or may be a cenotaph to his brains, with a hat as soft as a pussy, across which the dimpling shadows fly as over a field of grain in autumn. thief. 35i
Economy 35i written: B rewritten: D
B: Economy 35i was interlined in pencil.

(Ronald Clapper)
It might be is is is is is is is an interesting question how far men would retain their relative rank if they were to lose be divested to lose be divested to be divested divested divested divested divested of their clothes. Could you, in such a case, tell surely of any procession company company company company company company company of civilized men, which belonged to the most respected class? 35j
Economy 35j written: D rewritten: D
D: Economy 35j was interlined in pencil on one of the early leaves in D (#47) that fits the B-C numbering sequence and was recopied later.

(Ronald Clapper)
When Madam Pfeiffer, in her adventurous travels round the world, from east to west, had got so near home as Asiatic Russia, she says that she felt the necessity of wearing other than a travelling dress, when she went to meet the authorities, for as she remarks for for for for she “was now in a civilized country, where ——— — people are judged of by their clothes.” Even in our democratic New England towns the accidental possession of wealth, and its manifestation in dress and equipage alone, command obtain obtain obtain obtain obtain for the possessor almost universal respect. But they who yield such respect, wherever & however numerous as numerous as numerous as numerous as numerous as they are, are the so far so far so far so far so far heathen, and need to have a missionary sent to them. 35k
Economy 35k written: A rewritten: B, D

(Ronald Clapper)
Above all, clothes brought in Above all, clothes brought in Beside, clothes introduced Beside, clothes introduced Beside, clothes introduced Beside, clothes introduced Beside, clothes introduced Beside, clothes introduced Beside, clothes introduced sewing, a kind of work which which which which which which which you may call endless; a woman’s dress, at least, is never done. For a woman’s dress at least is never done a woman’s dress, at least, is never done. a woman’s dress, at least, is never done. a woman’s dress, at least, is never done. a woman’s dress, at least, is never done. a woman’s dress, at least, is never done. a woman’s dress, at least, is never done.
36
Economy 36 written: A rewritten: B, D
D: A fair copy was made of only A man who has … an indeterminate period. Old and as well as that of mankind.

(Ronald Clapper)
A man who has at length found out somethingimportant found out something found something found something found something found something found something found something to do will not have have need need need need need need need to get a new suit to do it in; for him the old will do, that has lain dusty in the garret for an indefinite indefinite indeterminate indeterminate indeterminate indeterminate indeterminate indeterminate indeterminate period. Old shoes will serve a hero longer than they have served his valet,— if a hero ever has a valet, if a hero ever has a valet, if a hero ever has a valet, if a hero ever has a valet, if a hero ever has a valet, if a hero ever has a valet, if a hero ever has a valet, —bare feet are the oldest of the oldest of older than older than older than older than older than older than older than shoes, and he can make them do. Only they who go to soirées and legislative halls i.e., a-courting halls i.e., a-courting halls halls halls halls halls halls must have new coats, coats to turn turn change change change change change change change as often as the man turns turns changes changes changes changes changes changes changes in them. If my jacket and trousers, my boots and shoes are fit to worship God in they will do, will they not Dea. Spaulding? If my jacket and trousers, my boots hat and shoes are fit to worship God in they will do, will they not Dea. Spaulding? But if my jacket and trousers, my hat and shoes, are fit to worship God in, they will do; will they not? But if my jacket and trousers, my hat and shoes, are fit to worship God in, they will do; will they not? But if my jacket and trousers, my hat and shoes, are fit to worship God in, they will do; will they not? But if my jacket and trousers, my hat and shoes, are fit to worship God in, they will do; will they not? But if my jacket and trousers, my hat and shoes, are fit to worship God in, they will do; will they not? But if my jacket and trousers, my hat and shoes, are fit to worship God in, they will do; will they not? Who ever saw his old shoes, clothes, clothes, clothes, clothes, clothes, clothes, clothes, —his old coat, actually worn out, resolved into its their their its its its its its its its primitive elements, so that it was not a deed of charity to bestow them them it it it it it it it on some poorer poorer poor poor poor poor poor poor boy, by him perchance perchance perchance perchance perchance perchance perchance to be bestowed on some poorer still, or shall we say richer, who can can could could could could could could could do with less? I should say beware I should say beware I say, beware I say, beware I say, beware I say, beware I say, beware I say, beware of all enterprises that require new clothes, and not rather a new wearer of clothes. If there is not a new man, how can there be a new suit, and not rather a new mis-fit & non-suit? there be a new suit, and not rather a new mis-fit and non-suit the new clothes be made to fit? the new clothes be made to fit? the new clothes be made to fit? the new clothes be made to fit? the new clothes be made to fit? the new clothes be made to fit? the new clothes be made to fit? If you have any enterprise before you, I say try I say try try try try try try try it in your old clothes. All men want, not something to do with , but something to do , or rather something to be . Once more I should advise never to Perhaps we should never Perhaps we should never Perhaps we should never Perhaps we should never Perhaps we should never Perhaps we should never Perhaps we should never Perhaps we should never procure a new suit of clothes, suit of clothes, suit, suit, suit, suit, suit, suit, however ragged or dirty the old, until you we we we we we we we we have so conducted, so enterprised or sailed in some way, that we feel like a new man a new man new men new men new men new men new men new men new men in the old, and that to retain them them it it it it it it it would be like like like like like like like keeping new wine in old bottles. Our moulting season, like that of the fowls, must be a crisis in our lives,—it is well known that the loon retires to solitary ponds to spend it Our moulting season, like that of the fowls, must be a crisis in our lives. The loon retires to solitary ponds to spend it. Our moulting season, like that of the fowls, must be a crisis in our lives. The loon retires to solitary ponds to spend it. Our moulting season, like that of the fowls, must be a crisis in our lives. The loon retires to solitary ponds to spend it. Our moulting season, like that of the fowls, must be a crisis in our lives. The loon retires to solitary ponds to spend it. Our moulting season, like that of the fowls, must be a crisis in our lives. The loon retires to solitary ponds to spend it. Our moulting season, like that of the fowls, must be a crisis in our lives. The loon retires to solitary ponds to spend it. Thus also also also also also also also the snake casts its slough, and the caterpillar its wormy coat, by an internal industry and expansion; for clothes are but our outmost cuticle and mortal coil . for clothes are but our outmost cuticle and mortal coil. for clothes are but our outmost cuticle and mortal coil. for clothes are but our outmost cuticle and mortal coil. for clothes are but our outmost cuticle and mortal coil. for clothes are but our outmost cuticle and mortal coil. for clothes are but our outmost cuticle and mortal coil. for clothes are but our outmost cuticle and mortal coil. Otherwise you will we shall we shall we shall we shall we shall we shall we shall we shall be found sailing under false colors, for clothes are but our outmost cuticle and mortal coil and be inevitably cashiered by your our own & the opinion of mankind. and be inevitably cashiered at last by our own and the opinion as well as that of mankind. and be inevitably cashiered at last by our own opinion, as well as that of mankind. and be inevitably cashiered at last by our own opinion, as well as that of mankind. and be inevitably cashiered at last by our own opinion, as well as that of mankind. and be inevitably cashiered at last by our own opinion, as well as that of mankind. and be inevitably cashiered at last by our own opinion, as well as that of mankind. and be inevitably cashiered at last by our own opinion, as well as that of mankind.
37a
Economy 37a written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
Usually, we We We We We don garment after garment, as if we grew like exogenous plants by addition without. Our outside and often thin and fanciful clothes are our epidermis or false skin, which partakes not of the life of the plant, our life, our life, our life, our life, and may be stripped off here and there without fatal injury; our thicker garments, constantly worn, are our cellular integument, or cortex? or cortex; or cortex; or cortex; or cortex; our but our but our but our but our shirts are our liber or true bark, which cannot be removed without girdling and so destroying the man. I believe that all races do races races races races at some seasons wear something equivalent to the last. shirt. shirt. shirt. shirt. 37b
Economy 37b written: A rewritten: A, B, C, D
A: Economy 37b was canceled and recopied on the top of the recto of a new, unnumbered leaf. Economy 39a and Economy 40a were added to the manuscript beginning on the new leaf and continuing on the old leaf following the canceled version of Economy 37b.
C: A fair copy of Economy 37b was made on a leaf in B that had been taken into C.

(Ronald Clapper)
It is desirable that a man be clad so simply r
Revision note: A1:
that he that he that he that he that he that he
can lay his hands on himself in the dark, and that he live in all respects so compactly and r
Revision note: A1: prepared
prepared
prepared preparedly preparedly preparedly preparedly preparedly preparedly preparedly
that, if an enemy r
Revision note: A1: should take
should take
should take should take take take take take take
the r
Revision note: A1: city,
city,
city, city, city, town, town, town, town,
he can, like the old philosopher, like the old philosopher, like the old philosopher, like the old philosopher, like the old philosopher, like the old philosopher, like the old philosopher, like the old philosopher, walk out the gate empty-handed without anxiety. While one thick garment is, r
Revision note: A1:
for most purposes, for most purposes, for most purposes, for most purposes, for most purposes, for most purposes,
as good as three thin ones, and cheap clothing can be obtained at prices really to suit customers; while r
Revision note: A1: cow hide boots can be bought for 8 shillings a pair—a summer hat for 25 cents and a winter cap for 5 shillings or better may be homemade
cow hide boots can be bought for 8 shillings a pair, a summer hat for 25 cents, and a winter cap for 5 shillings three and nine pence, or a better may be home made
cow-hide boots can be bought for eight shillings a pair, a summer hat for twenty five cents, and a winter cap for three and nine pence, or a better may be home made cow-hide boots can be bought for eight nine shillings a pair, a summer hat for twenty five cents, and a winter cap for three & nine pence, or a better may be home made made at home a thick coat can be bought for five dollars, which will last as many years, (for example, the one I have on.) and a thin one for 90 cents thick pantaloons for 2 dollars (the most durable I ever had cost half a dollar less) cow-hide boots for nine shillings a dollar & a half a pair, a summer hat for twenty-five cents a quarter of a dollar, and a winter cap for three and nine pence, sixty-two & a half cents or a better be made at home a thick coat can be bought for five dollars, which will last as many years, thick pantaloons for two dollars, cowhide boots for a dollar and a half a pair, a summer hat for a quarter of a dollar, and a winter cap for sixty-two and a half cents, or a better be made at home a thick coat can be bought for five dollars, which will last as many years, thick pantaloons for two dollars, cowhide boots for a dollar and a half a pair, a summer hat for a quarter of a dollar, and a winter cap for sixty-two and a half cents, or a better be made at home a thick coat can be bought for five dollars, which will last as many years, thick pantaloons for two dollars, cowhide boots for a dollar and a half a pair, a summer hat for a quarter of a dollar, and a winter cap for sixty-two and a half cents, or a better be made at home a thick coat can be bought for five dollars, which will last as many years, thick pantaloons for two dollars, cowhide boots for a dollar and a half a pair, a summer hat for a quarter of a dollar, and a winter cap for sixty-two and a half cents, or a better be made at home
at a nominal cost, where is he so poor that, clad in such a suit, of his own earning , there will not be found wise men to do him reverence?
38a
Economy 38a written: D rewritten: G

(Ronald Clapper)
When I ask for a garment of a particular form, my tailoress tells me gravely, “They do not make them so now,” not emphasizing the “They” at all, as if she quoted an authority as impersonal as the Fates, and I find it difficult to get made what I want, simply because she cannot believe that I mean what I say, that I am so rash. When I hear this oracular sentence, I am for a moment absorbed in thought, emphasizing to myself each word separately that I may come at the meaning of it, that I may find out by what degree of consanguinity They are related to me, and what authority they may have in an affair which affects me so nearly; that I may find out by what degree of consanguinity They are related to me, and what authority they may have in an affair which affects me so nearly; and, finally, I am inclined to answer her with equal mystery, and without any more emphasis of the “they,”—“It is true, they did not make them so recently, but they do now.” 38b
Economy 38b written: G

(Ronald Clapper)
I just had a coat come home from the tailors. Ah me! who am I that should wear this coat? It was fitted upon one of the Devil’s angels about my size. Of Of what use that this this measuring of me if he did she does she does not measure my character, but only the breadth of my shoulders, as it were a peg to hang it the coat on? This is not the figure that I cut; this is the figure the tailor cuts. Impertinent Fashion whispered in his ear so that he heard no word of mine. As if I had said Not my will, O Fashion, but thine be done? the coat on? We worship not the Graces, nor the Parcæ, but Fashion. She spins and weaves and cuts with full authority. The head monkey at Paris puts on a traveller’s cap, and all the monkeys in America do the same. I sometimes despair of ever getting getting any thing quite simple and honest done in this world by the help of men. They would have to be passed through a powerful press first, to squeeze their old notions out of them, so that they would not soon get upon their legs again, and then there would be some one in the company with a maggot in his head, hatched from an egg deposited there nobody knows when, for they say that for not even fire kills these things, and you would have lost your labor. Nevertheless, we will not forget that some Egyptian wheat is said to have been handed down to us by a mummy.
39a
Economy 39a written: A rewritten: B, D, G

(Ronald Clapper)
Clothing has not in this country or any where in modern times Clothing has not in this country or any where in modern times Clothing has not in this country or any where in modern times On the whole I think it cannot be maintained that wearing clothes dressing has in this or any country On the whole I think it cannot be maintained that wearing clothes dressing has in this or any country On the whole I think it cannot be maintained that wearing clothes dressing has in this or any country On the whole I think it cannot be maintained that dressing has, in this or any country On the whole, I think that it cannot be maintained that dressing has in this or any country risen to the dignity of an art. At present men make shift to wear what they can get. Like shipwrecked sailors, they put on what they can find on the beach, and at a little distance, whether of space or time, whether of space or time, whether of space or time, whether of space or time, whether of space or time, whether of space or time, whether of space or time, whether of space or time, laugh at each other's masquerade. Every generation laughs at the old fashions, but follows religiously the new. We are amused at the pictures costume at the costume at beholding the costume at beholding the costume at beholding the costume at beholding the costume at beholding the costume at beholding the costume of Henry VIII, and and or or or or or or Queen Elizabeth, as much as if they were they were it was that of it was that of it was that of it was that of it was that of it was that of the King and Queen of the Cannibal Islands. When our garments are worn out, we hang them up in the fields to scare crows with, and perhaps the reason why men scare crows is partly in their clothes. Islands. When our garments are worn out, we hang them up in the fields to scare crows with, and perhaps the reason why men scare crows is partly in their clothes. Islands. When our garments are worn out, we hang them up in the fields to scare crows with, and perhaps the reason why men scare crows is partly in their clothes. Islands. When our garments are worn out, we hang them up in the fields to scare crows with, and perhaps the reason why men scare crows is partly in their clothes. Islands. When our garments are worn out, we hang them up in the fields to scare crows with, and perhaps the reason why men scare crows is partly in their clothes. Islands. When our garments are worn out, we hang them up in the fields to scare crows with, and perhaps the reason why men scare crows is partly in their clothes. Islands. When our garments are worn out, we hang them up in the fields to scare crows with, and perhaps the reason why men scare crows is partly in their clothes. Islands. n
Note: An earlier version of this passage appears in A & B in Economy 40a. (R. Clapper)
39b
Economy 39b written: D rewritten: G
G: A fair copy was made of only All costume off a man is pitiful and grotesque. It is.

(Ronald Clapper)
It is true, all It is true, all It is true, all It is true, all All costume off a man is pitiful or grotesque. It is only the serious eye peering from and the sincere life passed within it, which restrain laughter and consecrate the costume of any people. Let Harlequin be taken with a fit of the colic in the midst of his buffoonery colic colic colic colic and his trappings will have to serve that mood too. When the soldier is hit by a cannon ball rags are as becoming as purple.
40a
Economy 40a written: A rewritten: B, D

(Ronald Clapper)
The savage and childish savage and childish childish and savage childish and savage childish and savage childish and savage childish and savage childish and savage taste of men and women for new prints and patterns prints and patterns patterns patterns patterns patterns patterns patterns keeps how many men many men many men many men many many many many shaking and squinting through kaleidoscopes that they may discover the particular figure which the skin deep taste of this the skin deep taste of this the skin deep taste of this the skin-deep shallow taste of this this this this this generation requires to-day.—As if, after all, the Ethiopian could change his skin, or the leopard his spots. When our garments are worn out we hang them up in the fields to scare crows with, as if the reason why men scare crows, was in their clothes. I have often experienced the difficulty of getting within gun-shot of a crow.—It is not because they smell powder. to-day.—As if, after all, the Ethiopian could change his skin, or the leopard his spots. When our garments are worn out we hang them up in the fields to scare crows with, as if the reason why men scare crows, was in their clothes. I have often experienced the difficulty of getting within gun-shot of a crow.—It is not because they smell powder. to-day. to-day. to-day. to-day. to-day. to-day. n
Note: A later version of this passage appears in D & G in Economy 39a. (R. Clapper)
40b
Economy 40b written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
I have been told at a certain factory The manufacturers have learned that the taste of the public in this respect was singularly is merely whimsical and that it was impossible to foretell what would suit it. The manufacturers have learned that this taste is merely whimsical. The manufacturers have learned that this taste is merely whimsical. The manufacturers have learned that this taste is merely whimsical. The manufacturers have learned that this taste is merely whimsical. Of two patterns which differed differ differ differ differ differ only by a few threads more or less of a particular color, the one would will will will will will be sold readily, the other would lie lie lie lie lie on the shelf, shelf,thus occasioning great loss to the manufacturer, shelf, shelf, shelf, shelf, though it frequently happens that after the lapse of a season the latter becomes the most fashionable. Comparatively, tattooing is not the hideous custom which it is called. It is not barbarous merely merely merely merely merely because the printing is skin-deep and unalterable.
41
Economy 41 written: A rewritten: B, D

(Ronald Clapper)
I have little hesitation in saying that our factory system is not have little hesitation in saying that our present factory system is not have little hesitation in saying that our present factory system is not do not think cannot believe that our factory system is cannot believe that our factory system is cannot believe that our factory system is cannot believe that our factory system is cannot believe that our factory system is the best mode by which men may be clothed. And be clothed. And get clothing. get clothing. get clothing. get clothing. get clothing. get clothing. The condition of the operatives is becoming every day more and more more and more more more more more more more like that of the English; and it cannot be wondered at, since, as far as I have heard of heard or heard or heard or heard or heard or heard or heard or observed, the principal ob ject is, not that mankind may be well and worthily worthily honestly honestly honestly honestly honestly honestly clad, but, unquestionably, that corporations may be enriched. In the long run mankind men men men men men men men hit only what they aim at. Therefore, though they should fail immediately, they had better aim at something high. Therefore, though they should fail immediately, they had better aim at something high. Therefore, though they should fail immediately, they had better aim at something high. Therefore, though they should fail immediately, they had better aim at something high. Therefore, though they should fail immediately, they had better aim at something high. Therefore, though they should fail immediately, they had better aim at something high.
42a
Economy 42a written: B rewritten: C

(Ronald Clapper)
As for a Shelter, we we I I I I I I will not deny that this is now a necessary of life, though there are instances of men having done without it for long periods in colder countries than this. though there are instances of men having done without it for long periods in colder countries than this. though there are instances of men having done without it for long periods in colder countries than this. though there are instances of men having done without it for long periods in colder countries than this. though there are instances of men having done without it for long periods in colder countries than this. though there are instances of men having done without it for long periods in colder countries than this. 42b
Economy 42b written: B rewritten: B, C, D
B: Economy 42b originally followed Economy 17d. It was later inserted, along with Economy 42a, at the bottom of the leaf containing Economy 40a.]
D: Economy 42b originally followed Economy 44b. When the present order was established, the version of Economy 42b in D was canceled and the leaf from C containing Economy 42b was restored. Some of the revisions on the leaf in C therefore occurred after the copying and canceling of the leaf in D.

(Ronald Clapper)
r
Revision note: B1: Samuel Laing, who is good authority on such this subject, says
although according to Samuel Laing, who is good authority on such a subject
Although according to Samuel Laing The traveller Laing who is good authority says The traveller Samuel Laing, who is good authority, says that Samuel Laing says that Samuel Laing says that Samuel Laing says that Samuel Laing says that
“The Laplander in his skin dress, and in a skin bag which he puts over his head and shoulders, will sleep night after night on the r
Revision note: B1: snow in the fjelde [an immense table land in Norway]
snow in the fjelde
snow in the fjelde [an immense table-land in Norway] snow in the fjelde [an immense table-land in Norway] n
Note: Note: The brackets in this passage are Thoreau’s. (R. Clapper)
snow snow snow snow
—in a degree of cold which would extinguish the life of one exposed to it in any woollen clothing.” r
Revision note: B1: And yet he adds, “They are not hardier than other people.” He had seen them asleep under these circumstances.
And yet he adds, “They are not hardier than other people.” He had seen them asleep under these circumstances.
He had seen them asleep thus And yet he adds, “They are not hardier than other people.” He had seen them asleep under these circumstances. He had seen them asleep under these circumstances and yet he adds “They are not hardier than other people.” He had seen them asleep thus. Yet he adds, “They are not hardier than other people." He had seen them asleep thus. Yet he adds, “They are not hardier than other people." He had seen them asleep thus. Yet he adds, “They are not hardier than other people." He had seen them asleep thus. Yet he adds, “They are not hardier than other people."
42c
Economy 42c written: A rewritten: B, C

(Ronald Clapper)
Man does not live long in this world without finding out the comfort Man does. did not live long in this world without finding out the comfort which But probably Man did not live long in this world without finding out the comfort on the earth without discovering the convenience which But, probably, man did not live long on the earth without discovering the convenience which But, probably, man did not live long on the earth without discovering the convenience which But, probably, man did not live long on the earth without discovering the convenience which But, probably, man did not live long on the earth without discovering the convenience which But, probably, man did not live long on the earth without discovering the convenience which there is in a house, the domestic comforts, which phrase originally originally appears to have originally may have originally may have originally may have originally may have originally may have originally signified the satisfactions of the house more than of the family; though these must be extremely partial and transitory transitory transitory occasional occasional occasional occasional occasional occasional in those climates where the house is associated associated associated in the mind of the inhabitants associated in our thoughts associated in our thoughts associated in our thoughts associated in our thoughts associated in our thoughts with winter or the rainy season chiefly, and for and for and for and and and and and two thirds of the year, except for a parasol, is dispensed with. dispensed with. dispensed with unnecessary. unnecessary. unnecessary. unnecessary. unnecessary. unnecessary. In our climate, in the summer season, the house was formerly only summer season, the house was formerly only summer season, the house it was formerly only almost solely summer, it was formerly almost solely summer, it was formerly almost solely summer, it was formerly almost solely summer, it was formerly almost solely summer, it was formerly almost solely a covering at night. In the Indian gazettes the wigwam the wigwam the a wigwam a wigwam a wigwam a wigwam a wigwam a wigwam was the symbol of a day’s march, and a row of them cut or painted on the bark of a tree signified that so many times they had camped. 42d
Economy 42d written: A rewritten: B, B, C, G
B: An original copy was made of only limbed and robust but that he … warmth of the affections. Economy 42d was later recopied in full.
G: A fair copy was made of only perhaps have nipped his race … warmth of the affections.

(Ronald Clapper)
Man was not made so large limbed and tough r
Revision note: B1: tough
tough
tough robust robust robust robust robust robust
but that he must seek to narrow his world, and wall in a space such as fits r
Revision note: B1: fits
fits fitted
fitted fitted fitted fitted fitted fitted
him. He found himself all r
Revision note: B1: found himself all
found himself all at first
found himself was at first was at first was at first was at first was at first was at first
bare and out of doors; (and divested of prejudice, out of doors he is still, though that is a country we do not inhabit) r
Revision note: B1:
(and, divested of prejudice, out of doors he is still, though that is a country we do not inhabit.) But
but but but but but but
though this was pleasant enough in serene and warm weather, by daylight, the rainy season and the winter, r
Revision note: B1:
to say nothing of the torrid sun, to say nothing of the torrid sun, to say nothing of the torrid sun, to say nothing of the torrid sun, to say nothing of the torrid sun,
would perhaps have nipped his race in the bud if he had not made haste to clothe himself with the shelter of a house. Adam and Eve, according to the fable, wore the bower before other clothes. Man sought r
Revision note: B1: sought
sought
sought wanted wanted wanted wanted wanted wanted
a home, a place of warmth, r
Revision note: B1:
or comfort, or comfort,
first of physical warmth, then the warmth of the affections.
43a
Economy 43a written: C rewritten: G

(Ronald Clapper)
We can imagine amuse ourselves with imagining a time when perhaps it was a lucky thought of some early wight to take shelter in caves from sun and rain, a first and doubtful step, uncertain whether of instinct or reason but a great deal better than the old way, which yet was not without its advantages. After long experience of pelting storms on the bare skin, and the alternation of sunshine and shade, some inspired wit discovered how to use Nature as a shield against herself, and doubtfully at first, yet impelled by the idea, crept into a cavity in the a rock or perchance so far in that it sufficed. And then some remote descendent of more inventive genius, pitying considering the hard fate of men who were obliged to forego as yet the fair expanding plains and fertile valleys visible afar, and restrict their wanderings to the porous hill country,— some genius nicely discriminating what was essential in the cave, and what adventitious, invented the roof, the cave above ground, the portable cave, invented to stand under a palm tree to extend palm-leaves over head, impermeable to sun and rain, an effectual protection; the record of which remains yet in all languages, in the Latin tecturn in English shelter or roof;—and in the course of ages the conviction was slowly forced upon all men, that the roof was good and should deserved to prevail, nor would the Gods be displeased thereby. And lo! the plains and valleys too were populated peopled, and the dingy cramped and uniformed families of man were dispersed into nimble and spreading nations We can imagine amuse ourselves with imagining a time when perhaps it was a lucky thought of some early wight to take shelter in caves from sun and rain, a first and doubtful step, uncertain whether of instinct or reason but a great deal better than the old way, which yet was not without its advantages. After long experience of pelting storms on the bare skin, and the alternation of sunshine and shade, some inspired wit discovered how to use Nature as a shield against herself, and doubtfully at first, yet impelled by the idea, crept into a cavity in the a rock or perchance so far in that it sufficed. And then some remote descendent of more inventive genius, pitying considering the hard fate of men who were obliged to forego as yet the fair expanding plains and fertile valleys visible afar, and restrict their wanderings to the porous hill country,— some genius nicely discriminating what was essential in the cave, and what adventitious, invented the roof, the cave above ground, the portable cave, invented to stand under a palm tree to extend palm-leaves over head, impermeable to sun and rain, an effectual protection; the record of which remains yet in all languages, in the Latin tecturn in English shelter or roof;—and in the course of ages the conviction was slowly forced upon all men, that the roof was good and should deserved to prevail, nor would the Gods be displeased thereby. And lo! the plains and valleys too were populated peopled, and the dingy cramped and uniformed families of man were dispersed into nimble and spreading nations We can imagine amuse ourselves with imagining a time when perhaps it was a lucky thought of some early wight to take shelter in caves from sun and rain, a first and doubtful step, uncertain whether of instinct or reason but a great deal better than the old way, which yet was not without its advantages. After long experience of pelting storms on the bare skin, and the alternation of sunshine and shade, some inspired wit discovered how to use Nature as a shield against herself, and doubtfully at first, yet impelled by the idea, crept into a cavity in the a rock or perchance so far in that it sufficed. And then some remote descendent of more inventive genius, pitying considering the hard fate of men who were obliged to forego as yet the fair expanding plains and fertile valleys visible afar, and restrict their wanderings to the porous hill country,— some genius nicely discriminating what was essential in the cave, and what adventitious, invented the roof, the cave above ground, the portable cave, invented to stand under a palm tree to extend palm-leaves over head, impermeable to sun and rain, an effectual protection; the record of which remains yet in all languages, in the Latin tecturn in English shelter or roof;—and in the course of ages the conviction was slowly forced upon all men, that the roof was good and should deserved to prevail, nor would the Gods be displeased thereby. And lo! the plains and valleys too were populated peopled, and the dingy cramped and uniformed families of man were dispersed into nimble and spreading nations We can imagine amuse ourselves with imagining a time when perhaps it was a lucky thought of some early wight to take shelter in caves from sun and rain, a first and doubtful step, uncertain whether of instinct or reason but a great deal better than the old way, which yet was not without its advantages. After long experience of pelting storms on the bare skin, and the alternation of sunshine and shade, some inspired wit discovered how to use Nature as a shield against herself, and doubtfully at first, yet impelled by the idea, crept into a cavity in the a rock or perchance so far in that it sufficed. And then some remote descendent of more inventive genius, pitying considering the hard fate of men who were obliged to forego as yet the fair expanding plains and fertile valleys visible afar, and restrict their wanderings to the porous hill country,— some genius nicely discriminating what was essential in the cave, and what adventitious, invented the roof, the cave above ground, the portable cave, invented to stand under a palm tree to extend palm-leaves over head, impermeable to sun and rain, an effectual protection; the record of which remains yet in all languages, in the Latin tecturn in English shelter or roof;—and in the course of ages the conviction was slowly forced upon all men, that the roof was good and should deserved to prevail, nor would the Gods be displeased thereby. And lo! the plains and valleys too were populated peopled, and the dingy cramped and uniformed families of man were dispersed into nimble and spreading nations We may imagine a time when, in the infancy of the human race, a man first some enterprising mortal crept into a hollow in a rock for shelter. I have tried it myself with childish delight, as one may ride on a rail. We may imagine a time when, in the infancy of the human race, some enterprising mortal crept into a hollow in a rock for shelter. Every child begins the world again, to some extent, and loves to stay outdoors, longer than its parents think prudent even in wet & cold. longer than its parents think prudent even in wet & cold. longer than its parents think prudent even in wet & cold. longer than its parents think prudent even in wet & cold. longer than its parents think prudent even in wet & cold. even in wet and cold. It plays house, as well as horse, having an instinct for it. I Who does not remember well the singular I Who does not remember well the singular I Who does not remember well the singular I Who does not remember well the singular I Who does not remember well the singular Who does not remember the interest with which when younger I young he younger I young he younger I young he younger I young he younger I young he young he looked at shelving rocks, or any approach to a cavern, and that sometimes I was impelled to steal away and sit by a fire in a storm cave? cavern, and that sometimes I was impelled to steal away and sit by a fire in a storm cave? cavern, and that sometimes I was impelled to steal away and sit by a fire in a storm cave? cavern, and that sometimes I was impelled to steal away and sit by a fire in a storm cave? cavern, and that sometimes I was impelled to steal away and sit by a fire in a storm cave? cave? It was the natural yearning of that portion, any portion of my our my our my our my our my our our most primitive ancestor which still survived in me us, me us, me us, me us, me us, us. And this invention has been patented in sun and rain to this day—roofs and palm leaves with flickering sunbeams interstreaming, and dates dropping on the table, of bark boughs, of grass and stubble, of linen woven and stretched, of grass and straw of stones & tiles, of boards & shingles, of stones & tiles —and hence it may be, this fair-complexioned Caucasian race so many ages in advance of its sun-burnt brothers. From the cave we have advanced to roofs of palm leaves, of bark and boughs, of linen woven and stretched, of grass and straw, of boards and shingles, of stones and tiles. From the cave we have advanced to roofs of palm leaves, of bark and boughs, of linen woven and stretched, of grass and straw, of boards and shingles, of stones and tiles. From the cave we have advanced to roofs of palm leaves, of bark and boughs, of linen woven and stretched, of grass and straw, of boards and shingles, of stones and tiles. From the cave we have advanced to roofs of palm leaves, of bark and boughs, of linen woven and stretched, of grass and straw, of boards and shingles, of stones and tiles. From the cave we have advanced to roofs of palm leaves, of bark and boughs, of linen woven and stretched, of grass and straw, of boards and shingles, of stones and tiles. 43b
Economy 43b written: B rewritten: B, C
B: Economy 43b originally followed Economy 42d but was later recopied following Economy 42c and preceding Economy 42d.

(Ronald Clapper)
r
Revision note: B1: By the way,
At last, At last, At last, At last, At last, At last,
we know not what it is to live in the open air, r
Revision note: B1:
and and and and and and
our lives are domestic in more senses to a greater extent to a greater extent in more senses in more senses in more senses in more senses in more senses in more senses than we think. From the hearth to the field is a great distance. r
Revision note: B1: I would have a man A poet would speak always as if there were no obstruction, not even a mote or a shadow between him and the celestial bodies. Generally The voices of man sound hoarse and cavernous, tinkling as from out the recesses of caves, enough to frighten bats and toads—not like bells,—not like the music of birds—not a natural melody. Of all the inhabitants of Concord I know not one that dwells in nature. If one were to inhabit her forever, he would never meet a man. This country is not settled nor discovered yet.
Yet the poet will speak it would be well if we were to live & think always as if there were no obstruction, not even a mote or a shadow between him us and the celestial bodies. Generally the voices of men sound hoarse and cavernous, tinkling as from out the recesses of caves, enough to frighten bats and toads—not like bells—not like the music of birds—not a natural melody. Of all the inhabitants of Concord I know not one that dwells in nature. If one were to inhabit her forever, he would never meet a man. This country is not settled nor discovered yet the poet does not speak as from under a roof.
Yet it would be well perhaps if we were to live and think always as if there were no spend more of our days & nights without any obstructions between us and the celestial bodies. The poet does should not speak as so much from under a roof nor does the saint dwell there so long. Birds do not sing in caves, nor do doves cherish their innocence in dovecots. It would be well perhaps if we were to spend more of our days and nights without any obstruction between us and the celestial bodies, if the poet did not speak so much from under a roof, or the saint dwell there so long. Birds do not sing in caves, nor do doves cherish their innocence in dovecots. It would be well perhaps if we were to spend more of our days and nights without any obstruction between us and the celestial bodies, if the poet did not speak so much from under a roof, or the saint dwell there so long. Birds do not sing in caves, nor do doves cherish their innocence in dovecots. It would be well perhaps if we were to spend more of our days and nights without any obstruction between us and the celestial bodies, if the poet did not speak so much from under a roof, or the saint dwell there so long. Birds do not sing in caves, nor do doves cherish their innocence in dovecots. It would be well perhaps if we were to spend more of our days and nights without any obstruction between us and the celestial bodies, if the poet did not speak so much from under a roof, or the saint dwell there so long. Birds do not sing in caves, nor do doves cherish their innocence in dovecots. It would be well perhaps if we were to spend more of our days and nights without any obstruction between us and the celestial bodies, if the poet did not speak so much from under a roof, or the saint dwell there so long. Birds do not sing in caves, nor do doves cherish their innocence in dovecots.
44a
Economy 44a written: A rewritten: B, C

(Ronald Clapper)
As for a Shelter if any one As for a shelter, if any one However, if then any one However, if one However, if one However, if one However, if one However, if one designs to construct a dwelling house, it behooves him to exercise a little Yankee shrewdness and care, shrewdness and care, shrewdness and care, shrewdness, shrewdness, shrewdness, shrewdness, shrewdness, lest after all he find himself in a workhouse, a labyrinth without a clew, without a clew, without a clew, without a clew, without a clew, without a clew, without a clew, without a clew, a museum, an almshouse, a prison, or a splendid mausoleum instead. 44b
Economy 44b written: D
D: Economy 42b follows Economy 44b and precedes Economy 44c.

(Ronald Clapper)
Consider first first first first first how slight a shelter it is is is is is absolutely necessarythat we should have. necessary. necessary. necessary. necessary. 44c
Economy 44c written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
I have seen Penobscot Indians, in this town, living in tents of thin cotton cloth, while the snow was nearly nearly nearly nearly nearly a foot deep around them, and I thought that they would be glad to have it deeper to keep out the wind. In those former days, Formerly, Formerly, Formerly, Formerly, when how to get my living honestly, with freedom left for my proper pursuits, was a question which vexed me even more than it does now, (for unfortunately I am become somewhat callused), for unfortunately I am become somewhat callous, for unfortunately I am become somewhat callous, for unfortunately I am become somewhat callous, for unfortunately I am become somewhat callous, I used to see a large box by the railroad, six feet long by three wide, in which the laborers locked up their tools at night; and it suggested to me that every man who was hard pushed might him get get get get such a one for a dollar, and, having bored a few auger holes in it, to admit the air at least, get into it at night and when it rained and at night, when it rained and at night, when it rained and at night, when it rained and at night, when it rained and at night, and hook down the lid, and so have freedom in his life love and love, and in love, and in love, and in love, and in his soul be free. This did not seem appear appear appear appear appear the worst, nor by any means a despicable alternative. You could sit up as late as you pleased, and, whenever you got up, go abroad without having any creditor any landlord or house-lord any landlord or house-lord any landlord or house-lord any landlord or house-lord any landlord or house-lord dogging you for rent. Many a man is harassed to death to pay the rent of a larger and more luxurious box who would not have frozen to death in such a box as this. I am far from Jesting. I am far from jesting. I am far from jesting. I am far from jesting. I am far from jesting. Economy is a subject that which which which which admits of being treated with levity, but it cannot so be disposed of. 44d
Economy 44d written: A rewritten: B, C

(Ronald Clapper)
A tolerable tolerable tolerable comfortable comfortable comfortable comfortable comfortable house for a rude and hardy race, that lived much much much mostly mostly mostly mostly mostly mostly out of doors, was once made here almost entirely of such materials as Nature furnished ready to their hands. According to the testimony of the first settlers of New England, an Indian wigwam was as comfortable in winter as an English house with all its wainscoting. It was sometimes 40 feet long, and carpeted and lined within & covered without According to the testimony of the first settlers of New England, an Indian wigwam was as comfortable in winter as an English house with all its wainscoting. It was sometimes forty feet long, carpeted and lined within and covered without Gookin, who was superintendent of the Indians subject to the Massachusetts Colony, writing in 1674, says, “The best of their houses are covered very neatly, tight and warm, with barks of trees, slipped from their bodies at such those seasons when the sap is up, and made into great flakes, with pressure of weighty timber, when they are green; and so, becoming dry, they will retain a form suitable for the use they prepare them for. The meaner sort of wigwams are covered with mats which they make of a kind of bulrush, which and are also indifferently tight and warm, but not so good as the former.”—“Some I have seen, of sixty or a hundred feet long and thirty feet broad.”—“I have often lodged in their wigwams, and found them as warm as the best English houses.” He adds that They were commonly carpeted and lined within Gookin, who was superintendent of the Indians subject to the Massachusetts Colony, writing in 1674, says, “The best of their houses are covered very neatly, tight and warm, with barks of trees, slipped from their bodies at those seasons when the sap is up, and made into great flakes, with pressure of weighty timber, when they are green. . . . The meaner sort are covered with mats which they make of a kind of bulrush, and are also indifferently tight and warm, but not so good as the former. . . . Some I have seen, sixty or a hundred feet long and thirty feet broad. . . . I have often lodged in their wigwams, and found them as warm as the best English houses.” He adds, that they were commonly carpeted and lined within Gookin, who was superintendent of the Indians subject to the Massachusetts Colony, writing in 1674, says, “The best of their houses are covered very neatly, tight and warm, with barks of trees, slipped from their bodies at those seasons when the sap is up, and made into great flakes, with pressure of weighty timber, when they are green. . . . The meaner sort are covered with mats which they make of a kind of bulrush, and are also indifferently tight and warm, but not so good as the former. . . . Some I have seen, sixty or a hundred feet long and thirty feet broad. . . . I have often lodged in their wigwams, and found them as warm as the best English houses.” He adds, that they were commonly carpeted and lined within Gookin, who was superintendent of the Indians subject to the Massachusetts Colony, writing in 1674, says, “The best of their houses are covered very neatly, tight and warm, with barks of trees, slipped from their bodies at those seasons when the sap is up, and made into great flakes, with pressure of weighty timber, when they are green. . . . The meaner sort are covered with mats which they make of a kind of bulrush, and are also indifferently tight and warm, but not so good as the former. . . . Some I have seen, sixty or a hundred feet long and thirty feet broad. . . . I have often lodged in their wigwams, and found them as warm as the best English houses.” He adds, that they were commonly carpeted and lined within Gookin, who was superintendent of the Indians subject to the Massachusetts Colony, writing in 1674, says, “The best of their houses are covered very neatly, tight and warm, with barks of trees, slipped from their bodies at those seasons when the sap is up, and made into great flakes, with pressure of weighty timber, when they are green. . . . The meaner sort are covered with mats which they make of a kind of bulrush, and are also indifferently tight and warm, but not so good as the former. . . . Some I have seen, sixty or a hundred feet long and thirty feet broad. . . . I have often lodged in their wigwams, and found them as warm as the best English houses.” He adds, that they were commonly carpeted and lined within Gookin, who was superintendent of the Indians subject to the Massachusetts Colony, writing in 1674, says, “The best of their houses are covered very neatly, tight and warm, with barks of trees, slipped from their bodies at those seasons when the sap is up, and made into great flakes, with pressure of weighty timber, when they are green. . . . The meaner sort are covered with mats which they make of a kind of bulrush, and are also indifferently tight and warm, but not so good as the former. . . . Some I have seen, sixty or a hundred feet long and thirty feet broad. . . . I have often lodged in their wigwams, and found them as warm as the best English houses.” He adds, that they were commonly carpeted and lined within with well-wrought embroidered mats, and were were were were were were were furnished with various utensils. They This was undoubtedly a better wigwam than usual. They The Indians The Indians The Indians The Indians The Indians The Indians The Indians had advanced so far as to regulate the effect of the wind by a mat suspended over the hole in the roof which was in the roof which was & in the roof and in the roof and in the roof and in the roof and in the roof and in the roof and moved by a string. Such a lodge was in the first instance constructed in a day or two at most, at most, at most, at most, at most, at most, at most, and taken down and put up in a few hours; and every family owned one, or its apartment in one. or its apartment in one. or its apartment in one. or its apartment in one. or its apartment in one. or its apartment in one. or its apartment in one.
45a
Economy 45a written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
In the savage state every man man master of a family family family family family family family owns a shelter as good as the best, and sufficient for his ruder his ruder its coarser its coarser its coarser its coarser its coarser its coarser its coarser and simpler wants; but I think that I speak within bounds when I say that, I think that I speak within bounds when I say that, I think that I speak within bounds when I say that, I think that I speak within bounds when I say that, I think that I speak within bounds when I say that, I think that I speak within bounds when I say that, I think that I speak within bounds when I say that, though the birds of the air have their nests, and the foxes their holes, and the savages their wigwams, and the savages their wigwams, and the savages their wigwams, and the savages their wigwams, and the savages their wigwams, and the savages their wigwams, and the savages their wigwams, in modern civilized society not more than one man in a hundred owns man in a hundred owns half the families own half the families own half the families own half the families own half the families own half the families own half the families own a shelter. In the large towns and cities, where civilization especially prevails, the number of those who own a shelter is a very small fraction of the whole. It is notorious that in our the large towns & cities or in those neighborhoods where the most thorough civilization especially prevails, the number of those who own a shelter is a very small fraction of the whole In the large towns and cities, where civilization especially prevails, the number of those who own a shelter is a very small fraction of the whole. In the large towns and cities, where civilization especially prevails, the number of those who own a shelter is a very small fraction of the whole. In the large towns and cities, where civilization especially prevails, the number of those who own a shelter is a very small fraction of the whole. In the large towns and cities, where civilization especially prevails, the number of those who own a shelter is a very small fraction of the whole. In the large towns and cities, where civilization especially prevails, the number of those who own a shelter is a very small fraction of the whole. In the large towns and cities, where civilization especially prevails, the number of those who own a shelter is a very small fraction of the whole. The 99 ninety-nine rest rest rest rest rest rest rest pay an annual tax for this outside garment of all, become become become become become become become become indispensable summer and winter, which would buy a village of Indian wigwams, but now contributes contributes helps helps helps helps helps helps helps to keep them poor as long as they live. 45b
Economy 45b written: C
C: Economy 45b is interlined in pencil.

(Ronald Clapper)
I do not mean to insist here on the disadvantage of hiring compared with owning, but it is evident that the savage owns his shelter because it costs so little, while the civilized man hires his commonly because he cannot afford to own it; nor can he, in the long run, any better afford to hire. 45c
Economy 45c written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
But, answers one, by simply simply merely merely merely merely merely merely merely paying this tax the poorest poorest poor civilized poor civilized poor civilized poor civilized poor civilized poor civilized poor civilized man secures an abode which is a palace compared with the Indian’s. Indian’s savage’s. savage’s. savage’s. savage’s. savage’s. savage’s. savage’s. An annual rent of from 20 twenty twenty-five twenty-five twenty-five twenty-five twenty-five twenty-five twenty-five to a hundred dollars, (these are the country rates) these are the country rates, these are the country rates, these are the country rates, these are the country rates, these are the country rates, these are the country rates, entitles him to all the benefit all the benefit the benefit the benefit the benefit the benefit the benefit the benefit of the improvements of centuries, spacious apartments, clean paint and paper, spacious apartments, clean paint and paper, spacious apartments, clean paint and paper, spacious apartments, clean paint and paper, spacious apartments, clean paint and paper, spacious apartments, clean paint and paper, spacious apartments, clean paint and paper, Rumford fireplace, back plastering, Venetian blinds, copper pump, spring lock, a etc. etc. a commodious cellar and many other things. a commodious cellar, and many other things. a commodious cellar, and many other things. a commodious cellar, and many other things. a commodious cellar, and many other things. a commodious cellar, and many other things. a commodious cellar, and many other things. But how happens it that he who is said to enjoy these things is so commonly a poor civilized man, while the savage, who has them not, is rich as a savage? But how happens it that he who is said to enjoy these things is so commonly a poor civilized man, while the savage, who has them not, is rich as a savage? But how happens it that he who is said to enjoy these things is so commonly a poor civilized man, while the savage, who has them not, is rich as a savage? But how happens it that he who is said to enjoy these things is so commonly a poor civilized man, while the savage, who has them not, is rich as a savage? But how happens it that he who is said to enjoy these things is so commonly a poor civilized man, while the savage, who has them not, is rich as a savage? But how happens it that he who is said to enjoy these things is so commonly a poor civilized man, while the savage, who has them not, is rich as a savage? But how happens it that he who is said to enjoy these things is so commonly a poor civilized man, while the savage, who has them not, is rich as a savage? 45d
Economy 45d written: A rewritten: B
A & B: Economy 45d, 46a, 49a, 49b, and 50 are preceded by Economy 52b, 53a, and 52c.

(Ronald Clapper)
If civilization claims to have made a real advance in the welfare of man, and I think that she has, though only the wise improve their advantages, she must show that she civilization claims to have made it is asserted that civilization is a real advance in the welfare condition of man, and I think that she has it is, though only the wise improve their advantages, she must show that she it must be shown that it it is asserted that civilization is a real advance in the condition of man,—and I think that it is, though only the wise improve their advantages,—it must be shown that it it is asserted that civilization is a real advance in the condition of man,—and I think that it is, though only the wise improve their advantages,—it must be shown that it it is asserted that civilization is a real advance in the condition of man,—and I think that it is, though only the wise improve their advantages,—it must be shown that it it is asserted that civilization is a real advance in the condition of man,—and I think that it is, though only the wise improve their advantages,—it must be shown that it it is asserted that civilization is a real advance in the condition of man,—and I think that it is, though only the wise improve their advantages,—it must be shown that it it is asserted that civilization is a real advance in the condition of man,—and I think that it is, though only the wise improve their advantages,—it must be shown that it has produced better dwellings without making them more costly; and the cost of a thing it will be remembered thingit will must be remembered thing thing thing thing thing thing is the amount of life it requires life it requires what I will call life which is required what I will call life which is required what I will call life which is required what I will call life which is required what I will call life which is required what I will call life which is required what I will call life which is required to be exchanged for it, immediately or in the long run. Is it not possible to invent a house still more convenient and luxurious, which yet all will allow that man cannot afford to pay for? I think that we should not always study to obtain more but sometimes to be content with less. run. Is it not possible to invent a house still more convenient and luxurious, which yet all will allow that man cannot afford to pay for? I think that we should not always study to obtain more but sometimes to be content with less. run. run. run. run. run. run. An average house in this neighborhoodin the country in this neighborhood in this neighborhood in this neighborhood in this neighborhood in this neighborhood in this neighborhood in this neighborhood in this neighborhood costs perhaps 1000 1000 800 eight hundred eight hundred eight hundred eight hundred eight hundred eight hundred dollars, and to lay up this sum will require require take take take take take take take from ten to fifteen years of the laborer’s life, even if he is not encumbered with a family;— for I estimate the just pecuniary value of every man’s labor at one dollar a day, for if some receive more, others receive less for I estimate the just for I have estimated the just estimating the pecuniary value of every man’s labor at one dollar a day, for if some receive more, others receive less; estimating the pecuniary value of every man’s labor at one dollar a day, for if some receive more, others receive less; estimating the pecuniary value of every man’s labor at one dollar a day, for if some receive more, others receive less; estimating the pecuniary value of every man’s labor at one dollar a day, for if some receive more, others receive less; estimating the pecuniary value of every man’s labor at one dollar a day, for if some receive more, others receive less; estimating the pecuniary value of every man’s labor at one dollar a day, for if some receive more, others receive less; estimating the pecuniary value of every man’s labor at one dollar a day, for if some receive more, others receive less; —so that he must have spent more than half his life commonly before his wigwam will be earned. If we suppose him to pay a rent instead, this is but a doubtful choice of evils. Would the savage have been wise to exchange his wigwam for a palace on these terms?
46a
Economy 46a written: A rewritten: B, D

(Ronald Clapper)
It will be perceived that I set down will be perceived may be guessed that I set down refer will be perceived may be guessed that I set down refer may be guessed that I refer set down may be guessed that I reduce almost may be guessed that I reduce almost may be guessed that I reduce almost may be guessed that I reduce almost the whole advantage of holding this superfluous value and clumsy property and clumsy unwieldy property and clumsy unwieldy property and unwieldy property property property property property as a fund in store against the future, as as so so so so so so so far as the individual is concerned, mainly mainly mainly mainly mainly to the score of funeral expenses merely. score of funeral expenses merely. score of funeral expenses merely. score of funeral expenses merely. defraying of funeral expenses. defraying of funeral expenses. defraying of funeral expenses. defraying of funeral expenses. But perhaps a man is not required to bury himself. for even sickness is a beginning to die, & the therefore every doctor’s bill is a funeral expense. But perhaps a man is not required to bury himself But perhaps a man is not required to bury himself. for even sickness is a beginning to die, & the therefore every doctor’s bill is a funeral expense. But perhaps a man is not required to bury himself for even sickness is a beginning to die, and therefore every doctor’s bill is a funeral expense But perhaps a man is not required to bury himself. But perhaps a man is not required to bury himself. But perhaps a man is not required to bury himself. But perhaps a man is not required to bury himself. But perhaps a man is not required to bury himself. 46b
Economy 46b written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
However Nevertheless Nevertheless Nevertheless Nevertheless this points to an important distinction between the civilized man and the savage; and, no doubt, they have designs on us for our benefit, in making the life of a civilized people an institu tion , in which the life of the individual is to a great extent absorbed, in order to preserve and perfect that of the race. But I wish to show at what a sacrifice this advantage is at present obtained, and to suggest that we may possibly so live as to secure all the advantage without suffering any of the disadvantage. What mean ye by saying that the poor ye have always with you, or that the poor ye have always with you, or that the poor ye have always with you, or that the poor ye have always with you, or that the poor ye have always with you, or that the fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children’s teeth are set on edge?
47
Economy 47 written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
“As I live, saith the Lord God, ye shall not have occasion any more to use this proverb in Israel.
48
Economy 48 written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
“Behold all souls are mine; as the soul of the father, so also the soul of the son is mine: the soul that sinneth it shall die.”
49a
Economy 49a written: A rewritten: B, D

(Ronald Clapper)
When I consider my neighbors, the farmers of Concord, who are at least as well off as the other classes, I find that for the most part they have been toiling for 10, 20, or 30 20, 30, or 40 for twenty—thirty—or forty for twenty—thirty—or forty for twenty, thirty, or forty twenty, thirty, or forty twenty, thirty, or forty twenty, thirty, or forty twenty, thirty, or forty years, to pay for their farms, to pay for their farms that they may become the real owners of their farms, which commonly they have inherited with encumbrances, or else bought by means of their credit with hired money, that they may become the real owners of their farms, which commonly they have inherited with encumbrances, or else bought with hired money, that they may become the real owners of their farms, which commonly they have inherited with encumbrances, or else bought with hired money, that they may become the real owners of their farms, which commonly they have inherited with encumbrances, or else bought with hired money, that they may become the real owners of their farms, which commonly they have inherited with encumbrances, or else bought with hired money, that they may become the real owners of their farms, which commonly they have inherited with encumbrances, or else bought with hired money, that they may become the real owners of their farms, which commonly they have inherited with encumbrances, or else bought with hired money, —and we may set down one half at least one third set down regard at least one third set down regard at least one third regard at least one third regard one third regard one third regard one third regard one third of that toil to to as as as as as as as the cost of their houses,— and and but and but and but but but but but commonly they have not paid for them yet. 49b
Economy 49b written: B rewritten: D, D
B: Economy 49b is interlined; being well acquainted … where they are mortgaged is not in the manuscript.
D: A fair copy was made of Economy 49b, along with Economy 46a, 49a, 50, and 52b, when Economy 46b, 47, 48, 49d, and 52a were added to the manuscript. A second copy of Economy 49b was made of only well acquainted with it … true of the farmers, along with second copies of Economy 49d, 50, 52a, and 52b.

(Ronald Clapper)
It is true, that the the the the the the the encumbrances sometimes outweigh the value of the farm, so that the farm itself becomes one great encumbrance, and still men are a man is a man is a man is a man is a man is a man is found to inherit it, being well acquainted with it, as he says. On applying to the assessors, I r
Revision note: D1: have been am astonished to find
am astonished to find surprised to learn
r
Revision note: D1: have been am astonished to find
am astonished to find surprised to learn
r
Revision note: D1: have been am astonished to find
am astonished to find surprised to learn
am surprised to learn am surprised to learn am surprised to learn am surprised to learn
that they cannot at once name r
Revision note: D1: half a dozen
half a dozen
r
Revision note: D1: half a dozen
half a dozen
r
Revision note: D1: half a dozen
half a dozen
a dozen a dozen a dozen a dozen
in the town who own their farms free and clear. If you would know the history of these homesteads, inquire at the bank where they are mortgaged. The man who has bought his farm outright actually paid for his farm actually paid for his farm actually paid for his farm actually paid for his farm actually paid for his farm actually paid for his farm with labor on it is so rare that every neighbor can point to him. I doubt if there are three such men in Concord. What has been said of the merchants, that a very large majority, even ninety-nine in a hundred, ninety-nine in a hundred, ninety-nine in a hundred, ninety-nine in a hundred, r
Revision note: D1: ninety-nine in a hundred, though that appears to me too many
ninety-nine in a hundred, though that appears to me too many
ninety-seven in a hundred, ninety-seven in a hundred,
are sure to fail, is equally true of the farmers. 49c
Economy 49c written: G
G: Economy 49c was written in pencil on the back of the draft of a letter to H. G. O. Blake, dated 21 January (1854), and attached to a leaf from D.

(Ronald Clapper)
With regard to the merchants, some one however one of them however, one of them says pertinently that a great part of their failures are not genuine pecuniary failures, but merely xxxxx or what I should call characteristical failures i. e. merely failures to fulfil their engagements, because it is inconvenient; that is, it is the moral character that breaks down. But But this puts an infinitely worse face on the matter, and suggests, besides, beside, that perhaps probably probably not even that hundredth one succeeds in morally—i. e. with a sound conscience saving his soul but is the other three succeed in saving their souls, but are perchance bankrupt in a worse sense than they who fail honestly. 49d
Economy 49d written: D rewritten: D

(Ronald Clapper)
Bankruptcy and repudiation are the spring-boards from which r
Revision note: D1:
much of
much of much of much of much of
our civilization vaults r
Revision note: D1:
and turns its harmless somersets
and turns its somersets, and turns its somersets, and turns its somersets, and turns its somersets,
but the savage stands on the unelastic plank of famine. Yet the Middlesex Cattle Show goes off here with éclat annually, as if all the joints of the agricultural machine were suent.
50
Economy 50 written: A rewritten: B, D, D
A: As Chapman sings … rarefies to air is interlined.

(Ronald Clapper)
they are they are The farmer is The farmer is The farmer is The farmer is The farmer is The farmer is endeavoring to solve the problem of a livelihood by a formula more complicated than the problem itself. To get his shoestrings the farmer the farmer he he he he he he speculates in herds of cattle. With exquisite exquisite consummate consummate consummate consummate consummate consummate consummate skill he has set his traps with hair springs trap with a hair spring trap with a hair spring trap with a hair spring trap with a hair spring trap with a hair spring trap with a hair spring trap with a hair spring trap with a hair spring to catch comfort and independence, and then, as he turned away, got his own leg into them it. it. it. it. it. it. it. it. This is the reason he is poor; and for a similar reason we are all poor in respect to a thousand savage comforts, though surrounded by luxuries. As the poet has it, the poet has it says, the poet has it says, r
Revision note: D1: the poet says,
the poet says Chapman sings,
Chapman sings, Chapman sings, Chapman sings, Chapman sings,
 
“The false society of men—
 
—for earthly greatness
 
All heavenly comforts rarefies to air.”
51
Economy 51 written: A rewritten: A, G
A: Economy 51 was originally added to the manuscript following Economy 59. Economy 51 and 59 were later recopied with Economy 51 preceding 59.
G: Economy 51 was copied on a partial leaf that was presumably inserted in the manuscript in its present order.

(Ronald Clapper)
And when the farmer has got his house, he may not be the richer but the poorer for it, and it be the house that has got him. And when the farmer has got his house, he may not be the richer but the poorer for it, and it be the house that has got him. r
Revision note: A1: I have often been struck by that fable of Momus. “Momus was the god of pleasantry among the ancients, the son of Nox (or night). He was continually employed in satirizing the gods, and whatever they did was freely turned to ridicule. He censured the house which Minerva had made, because the goddess
I have often been struck by that fable of Momus. Momus was the god of pleasantry among the ancients. He was Jupiter’s jester or fool, and many a time he set the gods in a roar. “He was continually employed in satirizing the gods, and whatever they did was freely turned to ridicule.” Neptune—Minerva and Vulcan had a trial of skill. The first made a Bull;—the second a House; the third a Man. “Momus found fault with them all. He disliked the Bull because his horns were not placed before his eyes that he might give a surer blow.” “He censured the House which Minerva had made because she
r
Revision note: A1: I have often been struck by that fable of Momus. “Momus was the god of pleasantry among the ancients, the son of Nox (or night). He was continually employed in satirizing the gods, and whatever they did was freely turned to ridicule. He censured the house which Minerva had made, because the goddess
I have often been struck by that fable of Momus. Momus was the god of pleasantry among the ancients. He was Jupiter’s jester or fool, and many a time he set the gods in a roar. “He was continually employed in satirizing the gods, and whatever they did was freely turned to ridicule.” Neptune—Minerva and Vulcan had a trial of skill. The first made a Bull;—the second a House; the third a Man. “Momus found fault with them all. He disliked the Bull because his horns were not placed before his eyes that he might give a surer blow.” “He censured the House which Minerva had made because she
r
Revision note: A1: I have often been struck by that fable of Momus. “Momus was the god of pleasantry among the ancients, the son of Nox (or night). He was continually employed in satirizing the gods, and whatever they did was freely turned to ridicule. He censured the house which Minerva had made, because the goddess
I have often been struck by that fable of Momus. Momus was the god of pleasantry among the ancients. He was Jupiter’s jester or fool, and many a time he set the gods in a roar. “He was continually employed in satirizing the gods, and whatever they did was freely turned to ridicule.” Neptune—Minerva and Vulcan had a trial of skill. The first made a Bull;—the second a House; the third a Man. “Momus found fault with them all. He disliked the Bull because his horns were not placed before his eyes that he might give a surer blow.” “He censured the House which Minerva had made because she
r
Revision note: A1: I have often been struck by that fable of Momus. “Momus was the god of pleasantry among the ancients, the son of Nox (or night). He was continually employed in satirizing the gods, and whatever they did was freely turned to ridicule. He censured the house which Minerva had made, because the goddess
I have often been struck by that fable of Momus. Momus was the god of pleasantry among the ancients. He was Jupiter’s jester or fool, and many a time he set the gods in a roar. “He was continually employed in satirizing the gods, and whatever they did was freely turned to ridicule.” Neptune—Minerva and Vulcan had a trial of skill. The first made a Bull;—the second a House; the third a Man. “Momus found fault with them all. He disliked the Bull because his horns were not placed before his eyes that he might give a surer blow.” “He censured the House which Minerva had made because she
r
Revision note: A1: I have often been struck by that fable of Momus. “Momus was the god of pleasantry among the ancients, the son of Nox (or night). He was continually employed in satirizing the gods, and whatever they did was freely turned to ridicule. He censured the house which Minerva had made, because the goddess
I have often been struck by that fable of Momus. Momus was the god of pleasantry among the ancients. He was Jupiter’s jester or fool, and many a time he set the gods in a roar. “He was continually employed in satirizing the gods, and whatever they did was freely turned to ridicule.” Neptune—Minerva and Vulcan had a trial of skill. The first made a Bull;—the second a House; the third a Man. “Momus found fault with them all. He disliked the Bull because his horns were not placed before his eyes that he might give a surer blow.” “He censured the House which Minerva had made because she
r
Revision note: A1: I have often been struck by that fable of Momus. “Momus was the god of pleasantry among the ancients, the son of Nox (or night). He was continually employed in satirizing the gods, and whatever they did was freely turned to ridicule. He censured the house which Minerva had made, because the goddess
I have often been struck by that fable of Momus. Momus was the god of pleasantry among the ancients. He was Jupiter’s jester or fool, and many a time he set the gods in a roar. “He was continually employed in satirizing the gods, and whatever they did was freely turned to ridicule.” Neptune—Minerva and Vulcan had a trial of skill. The first made a Bull;—the second a House; the third a Man. “Momus found fault with them all. He disliked the Bull because his horns were not placed before his eyes that he might give a surer blow.” “He censured the House which Minerva had made because she
As I understand it, that was a valid objection which Momus urged urged by Momus against the house which Minerva made—that she As I understand it, that was a valid objection urged by Momus against the house which Minerva made, that she
“had not made it mov able, by which means a bad neighborhood might be avoided;” r
Revision note: A1: “Venus herself was exposed to his satire; and when the sneering god found no fault in the body of the naked goddess, he observed, as she retired, that the noise of her feet was too loud, and greatly improper in the goddess of beauty. These reflections upon the gods were the cause that Momus was driven from heaven.” What think you would Momus say if he were living in our day? And I am not sure but he is.
“With regard to Vulcan’s Man, he said he ought to have made a window in his breast.” “Venus herself was exposed to his satire; and when the sneering god found no fault in the body of the naked goddess, he observed, as she retired, that the noise of her feet was too loud, and greatly improper in the goddess of beauty. These reflections were the cause that Momus was driven from heaven.” What, think you would Momus say if he were living in our day? And I am not sure but what he is.
r
Revision note: A1: “Venus herself was exposed to his satire; and when the sneering god found no fault in the body of the naked goddess, he observed, as she retired, that the noise of her feet was too loud, and greatly improper in the goddess of beauty. These reflections upon the gods were the cause that Momus was driven from heaven.” What think you would Momus say if he were living in our day? And I am not sure but he is.
“With regard to Vulcan’s Man, he said he ought to have made a window in his breast.” “Venus herself was exposed to his satire; and when the sneering god found no fault in the body of the naked goddess, he observed, as she retired, that the noise of her feet was too loud, and greatly improper in the goddess of beauty. These reflections were the cause that Momus was driven from heaven.” What, think you would Momus say if he were living in our day? And I am not sure but what he is.
r
Revision note: A1: “Venus herself was exposed to his satire; and when the sneering god found no fault in the body of the naked goddess, he observed, as she retired, that the noise of her feet was too loud, and greatly improper in the goddess of beauty. These reflections upon the gods were the cause that Momus was driven from heaven.” What think you would Momus say if he were living in our day? And I am not sure but he is.
“With regard to Vulcan’s Man, he said he ought to have made a window in his breast.” “Venus herself was exposed to his satire; and when the sneering god found no fault in the body of the naked goddess, he observed, as she retired, that the noise of her feet was too loud, and greatly improper in the goddess of beauty. These reflections were the cause that Momus was driven from heaven.” What, think you would Momus say if he were living in our day? And I am not sure but what he is.
r
Revision note: A1: “Venus herself was exposed to his satire; and when the sneering god found no fault in the body of the naked goddess, he observed, as she retired, that the noise of her feet was too loud, and greatly improper in the goddess of beauty. These reflections upon the gods were the cause that Momus was driven from heaven.” What think you would Momus say if he were living in our day? And I am not sure but he is.
“With regard to Vulcan’s Man, he said he ought to have made a window in his breast.” “Venus herself was exposed to his satire; and when the sneering god found no fault in the body of the naked goddess, he observed, as she retired, that the noise of her feet was too loud, and greatly improper in the goddess of beauty. These reflections were the cause that Momus was driven from heaven.” What, think you would Momus say if he were living in our day? And I am not sure but what he is.
r
Revision note: A1: “Venus herself was exposed to his satire; and when the sneering god found no fault in the body of the naked goddess, he observed, as she retired, that the noise of her feet was too loud, and greatly improper in the goddess of beauty. These reflections upon the gods were the cause that Momus was driven from heaven.” What think you would Momus say if he were living in our day? And I am not sure but he is.
“With regard to Vulcan’s Man, he said he ought to have made a window in his breast.” “Venus herself was exposed to his satire; and when the sneering god found no fault in the body of the naked goddess, he observed, as she retired, that the noise of her feet was too loud, and greatly improper in the goddess of beauty. These reflections were the cause that Momus was driven from heaven.” What, think you would Momus say if he were living in our day? And I am not sure but what he is.
r
Revision note: A1: “Venus herself was exposed to his satire; and when the sneering god found no fault in the body of the naked goddess, he observed, as she retired, that the noise of her feet was too loud, and greatly improper in the goddess of beauty. These reflections upon the gods were the cause that Momus was driven from heaven.” What think you would Momus say if he were living in our day? And I am not sure but he is.
“With regard to Vulcan’s Man, he said he ought to have made a window in his breast.” “Venus herself was exposed to his satire; and when the sneering god found no fault in the body of the naked goddess, he observed, as she retired, that the noise of her feet was too loud, and greatly improper in the goddess of beauty. These reflections were the cause that Momus was driven from heaven.” What, think you would Momus say if he were living in our day? And I am not sure but what he is.
it may still be urged—for our houses are such unwieldy property that we are often imprisoned rather than housed in them—and the bad neighborhood to be avoided is oftenest our own scurvy selves—no need to change our habits. and it may still be urged, for our houses are such unwieldy property that we are often imprisoned rather than housed in them; and the bad neighborhood to be avoided is our own scurvy selves.
I know one or two families, at least, in this town, who, for nearly a generation, have been wishing to sell their houses in the outskirts and move into the village, but have not been able to accomplish it, and only death will set them free. I know one or two families, at least, in this town, who, for nearly a generation, have been wishing to sell their houses in the outskirts and move into the village, but have not been able to accomplish it, and only death will set them free. I know one or two families, at least, in this town, who, for nearly a generation, have been wishing to sell their houses in the outskirts and move into the village, but have not been able to accomplish it, and only death will set them free. I know one or two families, at least, in this town, who, for nearly a generation, have been wishing to sell their houses in the outskirts and move into the village, but have not been able to accomplish it, and only death will set them free. I know one or two families, at least, in this town, who, for nearly a generation, have been wishing to sell their houses in the outskirts and move into the village, but have not been able to accomplish it, and only death will set them free. I know one or two families, at least, in this town, who, for nearly a generation, have been wishing to sell their houses in the outskirts and move into the village, but have not been able to accomplish it, and only death will set them free. I know one or two families, at least, in this town, who, for nearly a generation, have been wishing to sell their houses in the outskirts and move into the village, but have not been able to accomplish it, and only death will set them free.
52a
Economy 52a written: D rewritten: D, D

(Ronald Clapper)
r
Revision note: D1: But granted
D2: But granted
But granted
Granted Granted Granted Granted
that the majority are able r
Revision note: D1:
D2:
at last
at last at last at last at last
either to own or hire the modern house with all its improvements—How happens it that he who is said to enjoy those things is so commonly a poor civilized man while the savage who has them not is not a savage? improvements. improvements. improvements. improvements. 52b
Economy 52b written: A rewritten: B, D, D
A & B: Economy 52b, 53a, and 52c follow Economy 45c.
D: A second copy was made of only While civilization has been … to inhabit them. It has.

(Ronald Clapper)
But while But while While While While While While While civilization has been improving our houses, she she it it it it it it it has not equally improved the men who were were were r
Revision note: D1: were
were are
are are are are
to inhabit them. She She It It It It It It It has created palaces, but it was not so easy to create noblemen and kings. 52c
Economy 52c written: A rewritten: B, D

(Ronald Clapper)
And if the civilized man’s pursuits are no worthier than the , Indian’s, Indian’s savage’s, savage’s savage’s savage’s savage’s savage’s savage’s if he is employed the greater part of his life in obtaining gross necessaries and comforts merely, why should he have a better dwelling than the former Is not the style good enough for its inhabitants? I do not see how I should be any better off than at present, if I had the most splendid house conceivable. That is not what I need. Is not open nature already a better house than I am a tenant? former Is not the style good enough for its inhabitants? I do not see how I should be any better off than at present, if I had the most splendid house conceivable. That is not what I need. Is not open nature already a better house than I am a tenant? former? former? former? former? former? former?
53a
Economy 53a written: A rewritten: B, D

(Ronald Clapper)
But how does the poor minority fare? But how do the poor minority fare? But how do the poor minority fare? But how do the poor minority fare? But how do the poor minority fare? It will perhaps be found that It will perhaps be found that perhaps It will perhaps be found that Perhaps it will be found, that Perhaps it will be found, that Perhaps it will be found, that Perhaps it will be found, that just in proportion as some have been placed in outward circumstances above the Indian, Indian savage, savage, savage, savage, savage, savage, savage, others have been degraded below it him. him. him. him. him. him. him. him. The luxury of one class is counterbalanced by the indigence of another. On the one side is the palace, on the other are the almshouse and “silent poor”. The luxury of the rich one class is always counterbalanced by the indigence of the poor another. On the one side is the palace, on the other are the almshouse & the silent poor. The luxury of one class is counterbalanced by the indigence of another. On the one side is the palace, on the other are the almshouse and “silent poor”. The luxury of one class is counterbalanced by the indigence of another. On the one side is the palace, on the other are the almshouse and “silent poor”. The luxury of one class is counterbalanced by the indigence of another. On the one side is the palace, on the other are the almshouse and “silent poor”. The luxury of one class is counterbalanced by the indigence of another. On the one side is the palace, on the other are the almshouse and “silent poor”. The millions millions myriads myriads myriads myriads myriads myriads who built the pyramids for to be to be to be to be to be to be to be to be the tombs of the Pharaohs fed fed fed were fed were fed were fed were fed were fed on garlic, and perhaps were left unburied perhaps were left unburied it may be were not decently buried it may be were not decently buried it may be were not decently buried it may be were not decently buried it may be were not decently buried it may be were not decently buried it may be were not decently buried themselves. The mason who finishes the cornice of the palace returns at night perchance to a hut not so good as a wigwam. 53b
Economy 53b written: D
D: When Economy 53b was added to the manuscript, it preceded Economy 52a. Later, it was shifted to its present position. It certainly is fair … workhouse of the world and I hardly need refer … in moderate circumstances are interlined in pencil.

(Ronald Clapper)
It is a mistake to suppose that, in a country where the usual evidences of civilization —railroads—steamboats—printing presses—churches & the like civilization civilization civilization civilization exist, the condition of a very large body of the inhabitants may not be as degraded as that of savages. I refer to the degraded poor, not now to the degraded rich. I refer to the degraded poor, not now to the degraded rich. I refer to the degraded poor, not now to the degraded rich. I refer to the degraded poor, not now to the degraded rich. To know this I should not need to look farther than to the shanties which every where line border border border border our railroads, that last improvement in civilization; where I see in my daily walks human beings living in sties, and all winter with an open door, for the sake of light, without any visible, often imaginable, wood pile, and the forms of both old and young are permanently contracted by the long habit of shrinking from the cold & misery—their faces pinched by want—and the development of all their limbs & faculties undeveloped checked. There is not greater squalidness in the world. cold and misery, and the development of all their limbs and faculties is checked. cold and misery, and the development of all their limbs and faculties is checked. cold and misery, and the development of all their limbs and faculties is checked. cold and misery, and the development of all their limbs and faculties is checked. It certainly is fair to look at that class by whose labor the works which distinguish this generation are accomplished. Such too, is the condition to a greater or less extent is the condition to a greater or less extent, is the condition to a greater or less extent, is the condition to a greater or less extent, is the condition to a greater or less extent, is the condition of the operatives of every denomination in England, which is the great workhouse of the world. Or I could refer you to Ireland, which is marked as one of the white or enlightened spots on the map. Contrast the physical condition of the Irish with that of the North American Indian, or the South Sea Islander, or any other savage race before it was degraded by contact with civilized men the civilized man. the civilized man. the civilized man. the civilized man. the civilized man. Yet I have no doubt that nation’s people’s that people’s that people’s that people’s that people’s rulers are as wise as the average of civilized rulers. Their condition only proves what squalidness may consist with civilization. I hardly need mention now refer now to refer now to refer now to refer now to refer now to the laborers in our Southern States who produce the great staples staple exports staple exports staple exports staple exports of this country, and are themselves a staple production of the South. and are themselves a staple production of the South. and are themselves a staple production of the South. and are themselves a staple production of the South. But to confine myself to those who are said to be in moderate circumstances.
54a
Economy 54a written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
When a room is furnished, comfort is not furnished. Most men do not know what a house is (which is not to be wondered at for I am sure that there is one which answers to our idea in the country) and they When a room is furnished comfort is not furnished. Most men do not know appear never to have considered what a house is, and —(which is not to be wondered at, for I am not sure that there is one which answers to our my idea in the country) and they Most men appear never to have considered what a house is, and Most men appear never to have considered what a house is, and Most men appear never to have considered what a house is, and Most men appear never to have considered what a house is, and Most men appear never to have considered what a house is, and Most men appear never to have considered what a house is, and are actually though needlessly poor all their lives because they think that that that that that that that they must have such a one as their neighbors have. have. have. have. have. have. As if one were to wear any sort of coat the which the which the which the which the which the which the which the tailor might cut out for him, or, gradually leaving off palmleaf hat or cap of woodchuck skin, complain of hard times because he could not afford to buy him a crown! It is possible to invent a house still more convenient and luxurious than we have, which yet all would admit that man could not afford to pay for. Shall we always study to obtain more of these things, and not sometimes to be content with less? It is possible to invent a house still more convenient and luxurious than we have, which yet all would admit that man could not afford to pay for. Shall we always study to obtain more of these things, and not sometimes to be content with less? It is possible to invent a house still more convenient and luxurious than we have, which yet all would admit that man could not afford to pay for. Shall we always study to obtain more of these things, and not sometimes to be content with less? It is possible to invent a house still more convenient and luxurious than we have, which yet all would admit that man could not afford to pay for. Shall we always study to obtain more of these things, and not sometimes to be content with less? It is possible to invent a house still more convenient and luxurious than we have, which yet all would admit that man could not afford to pay for. Shall we always study to obtain more of these things, and not sometimes to be content with less? It is possible to invent a house still more convenient and luxurious than we have, which yet all would admit that man could not afford to pay for. Shall we always study to obtain more of these things, and not sometimes to be content with less? It is possible to invent a house still more convenient and luxurious than we have, which yet all would admit that man could not afford to pay for. Shall we always study to obtain more of these things, and not sometimes to be content with less? Shall the respectable citizen thus gravely teach, by precept and example, the necessity of the young man’s providing himself with providing himself with providing providing providing providing providing providing a certain number of superfluous glow-shoes, and umbrellas, and empty guest chambers for empty guests, before he dies? There is no reason why our furniture should not There is no reason why our furniture should not Why should not our furniture Why should not our furniture Why should not our furniture Why should not our furniture Why should not our furniture Why should not our furniture Why should not our furniture be as simple as the Arab’s or the Indian’s? 54b
Economy 54b written: D
D: Economy 54b is preceded by Economy 55.

(Ronald Clapper)
When I think of the benefactors of the race, whom we have apotheosized as messengers from heaven, bearers of divine gifts to man, I do not see in my mind any retinue at their heels, any car-load of fashionable furniture. When I think of the benefactors of the race, whom we have apotheosized as messengers from heaven, bearers of divine gifts to man, I do not see in my mind any retinue at their heels, any car-load of fashionable furniture. When I think of the benefactors of the race, whom we have apotheosized as messengers from heaven, bearers of divine gifts to man, I do not see in my mind any retinue at their heels, any car-load of fashionable furniture. When I think of the benefactors of the race, whom we have apotheosized as messengers from heaven, bearers of divine gifts to man, I do not see in my mind any retinue at their heels, any car-load of fashionable furniture. When I think of the benefactors of the race, whom we have apotheosized as messengers from heaven, bearers of divine gifts to man, I do not see in my mind any retinue at their heels, any car-load of fashionable furniture. Or what if I were to allow—would it not be a singular allowance?—that our furniture should be more complex than the Arab’s, than the Arab’s, than the Arab’s, than the Arab’s, than the Arab’s, in proportion as we are morally and intellectually their his his his his his superiors! 54c
Economy 54c written: A rewritten: B, D
A & B: Morning work! … man’s morning work in this world does not appear in the manuscript in A or in the original copying of B but is interlined in pencil in B.

(Ronald Clapper)
At present our houses are cluttered and defiled with it, and a good housewife would sweep out the greater part into the dust hole, or or and not and not and not and not and not and not leave her morning’s work undone. Morning work! By the blushes of Aurora and the music of Memnon, consider what consider what consider what consider what what what what what should be man’s morning work in this world? 54d
Economy 54d written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
I had three pieces of limestone on my desk, but I was terrified to find that they required to be dusted daily, when the furniture of my mind was all undusted still, and threw them out the window in disgust. How, then, could I have a furnished house? I would rather sit in the open air, for no dust settles gathers gathers gathers gathers gathers on the grass, unless where man has broken ground. unless where man has broken ground. unless where man has broken ground. unless where man has broken ground.
55
Economy 55 written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
It is notorious evident that the luxurious & dissipated It is the luxurious and dissipated who It is the luxurious and dissipated who It is the luxurious and dissipated who It is the luxurious and dissipated who set the fashions which the herd so sedulously diligently diligently diligently diligently diligently follow. The traveller who stops at the best houses, so called, is not slow to learn soon discovers this for the publicans at all the great houses pay him no compliment, but soon discovers this, for the publicans soon discovers this, for the publicans soon discovers this, for the publicans soon discovers this, for the publicans presume him to be a Sardanapalus, and if he resigned himself to their tender mercies he would soon be completely emasculated. Our public works have but little of the substantial and Roman in their character. How ill adapted already to a large portion of the passengers who occupy it is a railroad car. It is designed for the merchant clerks not the plainly dressed and simple mannered countryman. Instead of aiming (in some instances at least) at simple beauty convenience and security I think that in the RR car we are inclined to spend more on luxury than on safety & convenience, & I think that in the railroad car we are inclined to spend more on luxury than on safety and convenience, and I think that in the railroad car we are inclined to spend more on luxury than on safety and convenience, and I think that in the railroad car we are inclined to spend more on luxury than on safety and convenience, and I think that in the railroad car we are inclined to spend more on luxury than on safety and convenience, and it threatens without attaining these to become no better than a modern drawing room, with its divans, and ottomans, and sunshades, and a hundred other oriental things, which we are taking west with us, which we are taking west with us, which we are taking west with us, which we are taking west with us, which we are taking west with us, invented for the ladies of the harem and the effeminate effeminate effeminate effeminate effeminate natives of the Celestial Empire, which Jonathan should be ashamed to know the names of. And no alternative but this or the black hole of a second class car. Where is Jonathan’s parlor? Jonathan’s car forsooth with the seat of Jonathan omitted! To be introduced into a drawing room in which you are compelled to stand up for want of a seat or to sit on a hair cushion without the possibility of drawing a long breath owing to the encroachments of a corpulent neighbor. Why I I I I I would rather sit on a pumpkin and have it all to myself, than be crowded on a velvet cushion. than be crowded on a velvet cushion. than be crowded on a velvet cushion. than be crowded on a velvet cushion. than be crowded on a velvet cushion. I would rather ride on on earth on earth on earth on earth on earth in an ox cart with a free circulation, than go to heaven in the fancy car of the fancy car of the fancy car of the fancy car of the fancy car of an excursion train and breathe the a a a a a malaria all the way. To be introduced into a fancy car only to be run off the track by a fanciful engineer, though you may have no fancy for it. Let us have something more like ourselves, or make ourselves like something better, else the fates will have a right to run us off the track. way. way. way. way.
56a
Economy 56a written: A rewritten: B, C

(Ronald Clapper)
At first perchance as poets imagine the thoughtful & wandering man, plucked in haste the fruits which the boughs extended to him, and found in the sticks and stones around him his implements ready—to crack the nut and build his shelter with, and he was still the very simplicity and nakedness of his life was an advantage since it left him still but At first, perchance. as poets imagine, the thoughtful and wandering man plucked in haste the fruits which the boughs extended to him, and found in the sticks and stones around him his implements ready—to crack the nut, and build his shelter with, and the very simplicity and nakedness of his life man’s life in the primitive ages had this advantage at least that they left him still but The very simplicity and nakedness of man’s life in the primitive ages had imply this advantage at least, that they left him still but The very simplicity and nakedness of man’s life in the primitive ages imply this advantage at least, that they left him still but The very simplicity and nakedness of man’s life in the primitive ages imply this advantage at least, that they left him still but The very simplicity and nakedness of man’s life in the primitive ages imply this advantage at least, that they left him still but The very simplicity and nakedness of man’s life in the primitive ages imply this advantage at least, that they left him still but The very simplicity and nakedness of man’s life in the primitive ages imply this advantage at least, that they left him still but a sojourner in nature. When he was refreshed with food and sleep he contemplated his journey again. He dwelt, as it were, as it were, as it were, as it were, as it were, as it were, as it were, as it were, in a tent in this world, and was either threading the valleys, or crossing the plains, or climbing the mountain tops. But lo! men have become the tools of their tools. The man who independently plucked the fruits when he was hungry is become a farmer; Now the best works of art even, serve comparatively but to dissipate the mind, for they themselves represent transitionary and paroxismal not free & absolute thoughts. Now the best works of art even, serve comparatively but to dissipate the mind, for they themselves represent transitionary and paroxismal not free & absolute thoughts. and he who stood under a tree for shelter is become a housekeeper. We now no longer encamp as for a night, but have settled down on earth and forgotten heaven. We have builded for this world a family mansion, and for the next a family tomb. The best works of art symbolize express a struggle in man to be free from this state condition but the effect of our art is but a paroxismal not a persistent & sane endeavor merely to make this low state comfortable & that higher state to be forgotten. Now the best works of art even, serve comparatively but to dissipate the mind, for they themselves represent transitionary and paroxismal, not free and absolute thoughts They now no longer encamp as for a night, but they have settled down on earth and forgotten heaven—They have builded their tombs above ground as well as below, for life as well as for death, for this world a family mansion & for the next a family tomb & he who stood under a tree for shelter is become a housekeeper. There is no such a thing as housekeeping. The best works of art symbolize a struggle in man to be free from this state but our works of art so called are at best but paroxysmal not a persistent & sane endeavor. and he who stood under a tree for shelter, a housekeeper. We now no longer camp as for a night, but have settled down on earth and forgotten heaven. We have adopted Christianity merely as an improved method of agri-culture. We have built for this world a family mansion, and for the next a family tomb. The best works of art are the expression of man’s struggle to free himself from this condition, but the effect of our art is merely to make this low state comfortable and that higher state to be forgotten. and he who stood under a tree for shelter, a housekeeper. We now no longer camp as for a night, but have settled down on earth and forgotten heaven. We have adopted Christianity merely as an improved method of agri-culture. We have built for this world a family mansion, and for the next a family tomb. The best works of art are the expression of man’s struggle to free himself from this condition, but the effect of our art is merely to make this low state comfortable and that higher state to be forgotten. and he who stood under a tree for shelter, a housekeeper. We now no longer camp as for a night, but have settled down on earth and forgotten heaven. We have adopted Christianity merely as an improved method of agri-culture. We have built for this world a family mansion, and for the next a family tomb. The best works of art are the expression of man’s struggle to free himself from this condition, but the effect of our art is merely to make this low state comfortable and that higher state to be forgotten. and he who stood under a tree for shelter, a housekeeper. We now no longer camp as for a night, but have settled down on earth and forgotten heaven. We have adopted Christianity merely as an improved method of agri-culture. We have built for this world a family mansion, and for the next a family tomb. The best works of art are the expression of man’s struggle to free himself from this condition, but the effect of our art is merely to make this low state comfortable and that higher state to be forgotten. There is actually no place in this vil lage for a work of art, a statue, for instance, art, a statue, for instance, fine art, a statue for instance, fine art, fine art, fine art, fine art, fine art, if any had has had has has had had had had had had come down to us, to stand, for our lives, our houses and streets, furnish no proper pedestal for it. There is not a nail to hang a picture on, nor a shelf to receive the bust of a hero or a saint. or a saint. or a saint. or a saint. or a saint. When we we we I I I I I I consider how our houses are built and paid for, foror how they are not paid for, foror how they are not paid for, for; or how they are not paid for, for, or not paid for, for, or not paid for, for, or not paid for, for, or not paid for, and their internal economy managed and sustained, who does not who does not we we I I I I I I wonder that the floor does not give way under the visitor while he is admiring the gewgaws upon the mantel, mantel, mantel mantel-piece, mantel-piece, mantel-piece, mantel-piece, mantel-piece, mantel-piece, and let him through into the cellar, to some solid and honest though earthy foundation. 56b
Economy 56b written: C
C: Economy 56b is interlined.

(Ronald Clapper)
When introduced to this kind of life I cannot help perceiving but perceive that it was this so-called rich and refined life is a thing jumped at—and I find that I I cannot but perceive that this so called rich and refined life is a thing jumped at, and I I cannot but perceive that this so called rich and refined life is a thing jumped at, and I I cannot but perceive that this so called rich and refined life is a thing jumped at, and I I cannot but perceive that this so called rich and refined life is a thing jumped at, and I I cannot but perceive that this so called rich and refined life is a thing jumped at, and I do not get on in the enjoyment of the fine arts which adorn it, my attention being wholly occupied with the jump; for I remember that the greatest genuine leap, due to human muscles alone, on record, is that of certain wandering Arabs, who are said to have are said to have are said to have are said to have are said to have cleared twenty-five feet on level ground. Without factitious support, man is sure to come to earth again beyond this that that that that that distance. The first question which I am tempted to put to the proprietor of such great impropriety is, Who boosts bolsters bolsters bolsters bolsters bolsters bolsters you? Are you one of the 99 ninety-seven ninety-seven ninety-seven ninety-seven ninety-seven who fail? the hundredth who succeeds? or of the three who succeed? or of the three who succeed? or of the three who succeed? or of the three who succeed? or of the three who succeed? Answer me these questions, and then perhaps I may look at your bawbles and find them ornamental. The cart before the horse is neither beautiful nor useful.Answer me these questions & then perhaps I will may look at your knickknacks bawbles & find them beautiful ornamental. The cart before the horse is neither beautiful nor useful. Answer me these questions, and then perhaps I may look at your bawbles and find them ornamental. The cart before the horse is neither beautiful nor useful. Answer me these questions, and then perhaps I may look at your bawbles and find them ornamental. The cart before the horse is neither beautiful nor useful. Answer me these questions, and then perhaps I may look at your bawbles and find them ornamental. The cart before the horse is neither beautiful nor useful. Answer me these questions, and then perhaps I may look at your bawbles and find them ornamental. The cart before the horse is neither beautiful nor useful. Answer me these questions, and then perhaps I may look at your bawbles and find them ornamental. The cart before the horse is neither beautiful nor useful. 56c
Economy 56c written: A rewritten: B, C

(Ronald Clapper)
Before we can adorn our houses with beautiful objects the walls must be stripped, and our lives must be stripped, and beautiful housekeeping and beautiful living be laid for a foundation: now, what we call taste what we call taste what we call a taste a taste a taste a taste a taste a taste for the beautiful is most cultivated out of doors, where there is no house and no housekeeper.
57
Economy 57 written: G

(Ronald Clapper)
Old Johnson, in his “Wonder-Working Providence,” says speaking of the first settlers in this town says speaking of the first settlers of this town, with whom he was contemporary, tells us that “they burrow themselves in the earth for their first shelter under a some hillside, and, casting the soil aloft upon timber, they make a smoky fire against the earth, at the highest side.” They did not “provide them houses,” says he, “till the earth, by the Lord’s blessing, brought forth bread to feed them,” and the first year’s crop was so lean light that “they were forced to cut their bread very thin for a long season.” And the secretary The secretary of the Province of New Netherland, writing In Dutch, In Dutch, in 1650, for the information of those who wish wished wished to take up land there, observes states more particularly, states more particularly, that “those in New Netherland, and especially in New England, who have no means to build farm houses at first according to their wishes, dig a square pit in the ground, cellar fashion, six or seven feet deep, as long and as broad as they think proper, case the earth inside with wood all round the wall, and line the wood with the bark of trees or something else to prevent the caving in of the earth; floor this cellar with plank, and wainscot it overhead for a ceiling, raise a roof of spars clear up, and cover the spars with bark or green sods, so that they can live dry and warm in these houses with their entire families for two, three, and four years, it being understood that partitions are run through those cellars which are adapted to the size of the family. The wealthy and principal men in New England, in the beginning of the colonies, commenced their first dwelling houses in this fashion for two reasons; firstly, in order not to waste time building, in building, and not to want food the next season; secondly, in order not to discourage poor laboring people whom they brought over in numbers from Fatherland. In the course of three or four years, when the country became adapted to agriculture, they built themselves handsome houses, spending on them several thousands.”Like prudent men they some of our ancestors waited till more pressing wants were satisfied before they built those durable houses which we I still see standing here & there thousands."
58
Economy 58 written: G

(Ronald Clapper)
In this course which our ancestors took there was a show of prudence at least, as if their principle were to satisfy the more pressing wants first. In this course which our ancestors took there was a show of prudence at least, as if their principle were to satisfy the more pressing wants first. But are the more pressing wants satisfied now? I confess that when When I think of acquiring for myself one of our luxurious dwellings, I feel that am deterred, for so to speak , am deterred, for, so to speak, the country is not yet adapted to human culture, and we are still forced to cut our spiritual bread far thinner than our forefathers did their wheaten. Not that all architectural ornament is to be neglected even in the rudest periods; but let our houses first be lined with beauty, where they come in contact with our lives, like the tenement of the shellfish, and not overlaid with it. Not that all architectural ornament is to be neglected even in the rudest periods; but let our houses first be lined with beauty, where they come in contact with our lives, like the tenement of the shellfish, and not overlaid with it. But, alas! I have been inside one or two of them, and know what they are lined with.
59
Economy 59 written: A rewritten: A, B
A: When Economy 51 and 59 were added to the manuscript on a partial leaf, Economy 59 preceded 51. When Economy 51 and 59 were later recopied on a new, unnumbered leaf, Economy 59 followed 51.
A1: I speak understandingly on this subject … both theoretically and practically is interlined.

(Ronald Clapper)
Though we are not so degenerate but that we might possibly live in a cave or a wigwam or wear skins to-day, it r
Revision note: A1: is certainly
is certainly
is certainly is certainly is certainly is certainly is certainly is certainly is certainly is
better to accept the advantages, though so dearly bought, which the invention and industry of mankind offer. In such a neighborhood as this, boards and shingles, lime and bricks, are cheaper and more easily r
Revision note: A1: come at
come at
come at obtained obtained obtained obtained obtained obtained obtained
than suitable caves, or whole logs, or bark in sufficient quantities, or even well-tempered clay or flat stones. I speak r
Revision note: A1: advisedly
advisedly understandingly
understandingly understandingly understandingly understandingly understandingly understandingly understandingly
on this subject, for I have r
Revision note: A1: gone into
gone into
gone into made myself acquainted with made myself acquainted with made myself acquainted with made myself acquainted with made myself acquainted with made myself acquainted with made myself acquainted with
it both theoretically and practically. With a little more wit we might use these materials so as to become richer than the richest now are, and make our civilization a blessing. r
Revision note: A1:
The civilized man is a more experienced and wiser savage. The civilized man is a more experienced and wiser savage. The civilized man is a more experienced and wiser savage. The civilized man is a more experienced and wiser savage. The civilized man is a more experienced and wiser savage. The civilized man is a more experienced and wiser savage.
But to make haste to my own experiment.
60
Economy 60 written: A rewritten: C
C: A fair copy of Economy 60 was begun on a leaf from B that had been taken into C.
A: It is difficult to begin … pines and hickories were springing up is interlined in pencil.
A & C: it appeared to me that … a higher and more ethereal life does not appear in the manuscript in A and in the original copying of C but is interlined in pencil in C.

(Ronald Clapper)
Near the end of March, 1845, I borrowed an axe and went down to the woods by Walden Pond, by Walden Pond, by Walden Pond, by Walden Pond, by Walden Pond, by Walden Pond, by Walden Pond, by Walden Pond, nearest to where I intended to build my I told you that I should put in the I, house, house, house, house, house, house, house, and began to cut down some tall arrowy white white white white white white pines, still in their youth, for timber. It is difficult not to begin with to begin without to begin without to begin without to begin without to begin without to begin without to begin without borrowing, Our very life is borrowed and must be returned with interest to him who lent it. Our very life is borrowed and must be returned with interest to him who lent it. Our very life is in one sense borrowed and must be returned with interest to him who lent it. but perhaps it is the most generous course thus to permit your fellow-men to have an interest in your enterprise. but perhaps it is the most generous course thus to permit your fellow-men to have an interest in your enterprise. but perhaps it is the most generous course thus to permit your fellow-men to have an interest in your enterprise. but perhaps it is the most generous course thus to permit your fellow-men to have an interest in your enterprise. but perhaps it is the most generous course thus to permit your fellow-men to have an interest in your enterprise. The man of whom I borrowed The man of whom I borrowed The man of whom I borrowed In this case the owner of The owner of The owner of The owner of The owner of The owner of the axe, as he relaxed his hold on it as he released his hold on it, as he released his hold on it, as he released his hold on it, as he released his hold on it, as he released his hold on it, said that it was the apple of his eye; but I returned it sharper than I found found found received received received received received it. It was a pleasant hillside where I worked, covered with pine woods, through which I looked out on the pond, and on a small clearing on a small clearing on a small open field a small open field a small open field a small open field a small open field a small open field in the woods then growing up to pines & hickories. woods then growing up to pines & hickories. woods where pines & hickories were springing up. woods where pines and hickories were springing up. woods where pines and hickories were springing up. woods where pines and hickories were springing up. woods where pines and hickories were springing up. woods where pines and hickories were springing up. The ice in the pond was not yet dissolved, though there were some open spaces, but it and it and it and it and it and it and it and it was all dark colored and saturated with water. There were some slight flurries of snow during the days that I worked there; though though though but but for the most part but for the most part but for the most part but for the most part but for the most part when I came out on on on on to on to on to on to on to the railroad, on my way home, its yellow sand heap stretched away gleaming in the hazy atmosphere, and the rails shone in the spring sun, and I heard the woodpecker & vireo woodpecker & vireo woodpecker & vireo lark and pewee lark and pewee lark and pewee lark and pewee lark and pewee and other birds already come to commence another year with us. They were pleasant spring days, in which the winter of man’s discontent was thawing as well as the earth, and the life that had lain torpid began to stretch itself. I remember that one One One One One One One One day, when my axe had come off and I had cut a green hickory for a wedge, driving it with a stone and the handle, stone, stone, stone, stone, stone, stone, stone, and had placed the whole it it it the whole the whole the whole the whole the whole the whole to soak in a pond hole in order to swell it, it, it the wood, the wood, the wood, the wood, the wood, the wood, I saw a striped snake run into the water, and he lay on the bottom, apparently without inconvenience, as long as I staid there, which was more than 15 minutes, and I know not how much longer he remained there. which was more than 15 minutes, and I know not how much longer he remained there. which was more than fifteen minutes, and I know not how much longer he remained there a quarter of an hour perhaps because he had not yet come fairly out of the torpid state. or more than a quarter of an hour; perhaps because he had not yet fairly come out of the torpid state. or more than a quarter of an hour; perhaps because he had not yet fairly come out of the torpid state. or more than a quarter of an hour; perhaps because he had not yet fairly come out of the torpid state. or more than a quarter of an hour; perhaps because he had not yet fairly come out of the torpid state. or more than a quarter of an hour; perhaps because he had not yet fairly come out of the torpid state. I thought it appeared to me I thought it appeared to me I thought it appeared to me It appeared to me It appeared to me It appeared to me It appeared to me It appeared to me that for a like reason men remain in their present low condition and are able to live as it were in a this gross element atmosphere; condition and are able to live as it were in a this gross element atmosphere; condition and are able to live as it were in a this gross element atmosphere; and primitive condition; and primitive condition; and primitive condition; and primitive condition; and primitive condition; but if they should feel the influence of the spring of springs arousing them, they would be compelled to rise to a more ethereal element. be compelled to rise to a more ethereal element. be compelled to rise to a more ethereal element. of necessity rise to a higher and more ethereal life. of necessity rise to a higher and more ethereal life. of necessity rise to a higher and more ethereal life. of necessity rise to a higher and more ethereal life. of necessity rise to a higher and more ethereal life. I had previously seen them them them the snakes the snakes the snakes the snakes the snakes the snakes in frosty mornings in my path with a portion of a portion of a portion of portions portions portions portions portions portions of their bodies still numb and inflexible, wait ing for the sun to thaw them. On the 1st of April it rained and melted the ice in the pond, ice, ice, ice, ice, ice, ice, ice, and in the early part of the day, which was very foggy, I heard a stray goose groping about over the pond and cackling as if lost, or or or or or like the spirit of the fog.
61
Economy 61 written: A rewritten: C
A: I hewed the main timbers … borrowed other tools by this time is interlined in pencil.

(Ronald Clapper)
So I went on for some days cutting and hewing timber, and also studs and rafters, all with my narrow axe, not having many communicable or scholar-like thoughts, singing to myself,—
 
Men say they know many things;
 
But lo! they have taken wings,—
 
The arts and sciences,
 
And a thousand appliances;
 
The wind that blows
 
Is all that any body knows.
I hewed the main timbers six inches square, and of sapling pine, most of the studs only on two sides, most of the studs on two sides only, most of the studs on two sides only, most of the studs on two sides only, most of the studs on two sides only, most of the studs on two sides only, most of the studs on two sides only, most of the studs on two sides only, and the rafters and floor timbers on one side, leaving the rest of the bark on, so that they were just as straight and much stronger than sawed ones. Each stick was carefully mortised & finished & finished and finished or tenoned or tenoned or tenoned or tenoned or tenoned or tenoned by its stump, for I had borrowed other tools by this time. My days in the woods in the woods in the woods in the woods in the woods in the woods in the woods in the woods were not very long ones; but but but yet yet yet yet yet yet I usually carried my dinner of bread and butter, and read the newspaper in which it was wrapped, at noon, sitting amid the green pine boughs which I had cut off, which I had cut off, which I had cut off, which I had cut off, which I had cut off, which I had cut off, and to my bread was imparted some of their fragrance, for my hands were covered with a thick coat of pitch. Before I had done I was more the friend than the foe of the pine tree, having become better acquainted with it, though I had cut down some of them. There is something mournful in the crash of a every falling tree, though we hastily suppose that it gives up its life without a groan. But Yet even they do not fall to the ground without our heavenly Father’s knowledge. having become better acquainted with it, though I had cut down some of them. There is something mournful in the crash of a every falling tree, though we hastily suppose that it gives up its life without a groan. But Yet even they do not fall to the ground without our heavenly Father’s knowledge. having become better acquainted with it, though I had cut down some of them. There is something mournful in the crash of every falling tree, though we hastily suppose that it gives up its life without a groan. Yet even they do this does not fall to the ground without their its heavenly Father’s knowledge. though I had cut down some of them, having become better acquainted with it. though I had cut down some of them, having become better acquainted with it. though I had cut down some of them, having become better acquainted with it. though I had cut down some of them, having become better acquainted with it. though I had cut down some of them, having become better acquainted with it. Sometimes a rambler of of of in in in in in in the wood was attracted by the sound of my axe, and we chatted pleasantly over the chips which which which which which which which which I had made.
62
Economy 62 written: A rewritten: C
C: A fair copy was made of only By the middle of April . . . at first unobserved from; the rest of Economy 62 was contained on a leaf in A (#39) that was taken into C and renumbered (#77).

(Ronald Clapper)
By the middle of April, for I made no haste in my work, but rather made the most of it, my house was framed and ready for the raising. I had already bought the shanty of James Collins, an Irishman who worked on the Fitchburg Railroad, an Irishman who worked on the Fitchburg Railroad, an Irishman who worked on the Fitchburg Railroad, an Irishman who worked on the Fitchburg Railroad, an Irishman who worked on the Fitchburg Railroad, an Irishman who worked on the Fitchburg Railroad, an Irishman who worked on the Fitchburg Railroad, an Irishman who worked on the Fitchburg Railroad, for boards. James Collins’ shanty was considered an extra extra extra uncommonly uncommonly uncommonly uncommonly uncommonly uncommonly fine one. When I called to see it he was not at home. I walked about the outside, at first unobserved from within, the window was so deep and high. It was of small dimensions, with a peaked cottage roof, and not much else to be seen The dirt was being It was of small dimensions, with a peaked cottage roof, and not much else to be seen, the dirt being It was of small dimensions, with a peaked cottage roof, and not much else to be seen, the dirt being It was of small dimensions, with a peaked cottage roof, and not much else to be seen, the dirt being It was of small dimensions, with a peaked cottage roof, and not much else to be seen, the dirt being It was of small dimensions, with a peaked cottage roof, and not much else to be seen, the dirt being It was of small dimensions, with a peaked cottage roof, and not much else to be seen, the dirt being It was of small dimensions, with a peaked cottage roof, and not much else to be seen, the dirt being raised five feet all around as if it were a compost heap. The roof was the soundest part, though a good deal warped and made brittle by the sun. Door-sill there was none, but a perennial passage for the hens under the door board. Mrs. C. came to the door and asked me to view it from the inside. The hens The hens The hens The hens The hens The hens The hens The hens were driven in by my approach. It was as dark as a cellar of small compass-peaked cottage roof and had a dirt floor mostly which was for the most part of ague clammy & aguish only dark, and had a dirt floor for the most part, dank, clammy, and aguish, only dark, and had a dirt floor for the most part, dank, clammy, and aguish, only dark, and had a dirt floor for the most part, dank, clammy, and aguish, only dark, and had a dirt floor for the most part, dank, clammy, and aguish, only dark, and had a dirt floor for the most part, dank, clammy, and aguish, only dark, and had a dirt floor for the most part, dank, clammy, and aguish, only dark, and had a dirt floor for the most part, dank, clammy, and aguish, only here a board and there a board which would not bear removal. She lighted a lamp to show me the ceiling and the sides inside of the roof and the walls, inside of the roof and the walls, inside of the roof and the walls, inside of the roof and the walls, inside of the roof and the walls, inside of the roof and the walls, inside of the roof and the walls, inside of the roof and the walls, and also that the board floor extended under the bed, warning me not to step into the cellar, a sort of dust hole two feet deep. In her own words, they were “good boards overhead, good boards all around, and a good window,”—of two whole squares originally, originally, originally, originally, originally, originally, originally, originally, only the cat had had had had had had had had passed out that way lately. There was a stove, a bed, and a place to sit, an infant in the house where it was born, a silk parasol, gilt-framed looking-glass, and a patent new coffee mill nailed to an oak sapling, all told. The bargain was soon concluded, for James had in the mean while in the mean while in the mean while in the mean while in the mean while in the mean while in the mean while in the mean while returned. I to pay four dollars and twenty-five cents to-night, he to vacate at five to-morrow morning, selling to nobody else meanwhile: I to take possession at six. It were well, he said, to be there early, and anticipate certain indistinct but wholly unjust claims on the score of ground rent and fuel. This he assured me was the only encumbrance. At six I passed him and his family on the road. One large bundle held their all,—bed, coffee-mill, looking-glass, hens,—all but the cat, she took to the woods and became a wild cat, and, as I learned afterward, trod in a trap set for woodchucks, and so became a dead cat at last.
63a
Economy 63a written: A

(Ronald Clapper)
I threw took took took took took took took took down this dwelling the same morning, drawing the nails, and removed it to the pond side by small cartloads, spreading the boards on the grass there to bleach and warp back again in the sun. One early thrush gave me a note or two as I drove along the woodland path. I was informed treacherously 63b
Economy 63b written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
by a young Patrick that neighbor Seeley, an by a young Patrick that neighbor Seeley, an by a young Patrick that neighbor Seeley, an by a young Patrick that neighbor Seeley, an by a young Patrick that neighbor Seeley, an Irishman, in the intervals of the carting, transferred the still tolerable, straight, and drivable nails, staples, and spikes to his pocket, and then stood there stood stood stood stood when I came back to pass the time of day, and look freshly up, unconcerned, with spring thoughts, at the devastation; there being a dearth of work, as he said. He was there to represent spectatordom, and help make this seemingly insignificant event one with the removal of the gods of Troy.
64
Economy 64 written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
I dug my cellar in the side of a hill sloping to the south, where a woodchuck had formerly dug his burrow, down through sumach and blackberry roots, and the lowest stain of vegetation, six feet square by seven deep, to a fine sand where potatoes would not freeze in any winter. The sides were left shelving, and not stoned; but the sun having never shone on them, the sun having never shone on them, the sun having never shone on them, the sun having never shone on them, the sand still keeps its place. It was but two hours’ work. I took particular pleasure in this breaking of ground, for in I took particular pleasure in this breaking of ground, for in almost I took particular pleasure in this breaking of ground, for in almost I took particular pleasure in this breaking of ground, for in almost I took particular pleasure in this breaking of ground, for in almost all latitudes men dig into the earth into the earth into the earth into the earth into the earth for an equable temperature. and under the most splendid superstructures house in the city —as well as in the country— are is still to be found these primitive burrows the cellar where men Under the most splendid house in the city is still to be found the cellar where they Under the most splendid house in the city is still to be found the cellar where they Under the most splendid house in the city is still to be found the cellar where they Under the most splendid house in the city is still to be found the cellar where they store their roots as of old, and long after the former has disappeared men will remark these dents superstructure has disappeared posterity remark its dent superstructure has disappeared posterity remark its dent superstructure has disappeared posterity remark its dent superstructure has disappeared posterity remark its dent superstructure has disappeared posterity remark its dent in the earth. The house is still but a sort of porch at the entrance of a burrow. The house is still but a sort of porch at the entrance of a burrow. The house is still but a sort of porch at the entrance of a burrow. The house is still but a sort of porch at the entrance of a burrow. The house is still but a sort of porch at the entrance of a burrow.
65a
Economy 65a written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
At length, in the beginning of May, with the help of some of my acquaintances, rather to improve so good an occasion for neighborliness than from any necessity, I set up the frame of my house. No man was ever more honored in the character of his raisers than I. They are destined, I trust, to assist at the raising of loftier structures one day. No man was ever more honored in the character of his raisers than I. They are destined, I trust, to assist at the raising of loftier structures one day. No man was ever more honored in the character of his raisers than I. They are destined, I trust, to assist at the raising of loftier structures one day. No man was ever more honored in the character of his raisers than I. They are destined, I trust, to assist at the raising of loftier structures one day. No man was ever more honored in the character of his raisers than I. They are destined, I trust, to assist at the raising of loftier structures one day. I began to occupy it my house my house my house my house my house on the 4th of July, as soon as it was boarded and roofed, for the boards were carefully feather-edged and lapped, so that it was perfectly impervious to rain; but before boarding I laid the foundation of a chimney at one end, bringing two cartloads of stones up the hill from the pond in my arms. I built the chimney after my hoeing in the fall, before a fire became necessary for warmth, doing my cooking in the mean while out of doors on the ground, early in the morning: which mode I still think is in some respects more convenient and agreeable than the usual one. When it stormed before my bread was baked, I fixed a few boards over the fire, and sat under them to watch my loaf, and passed some pleasant hours in that way. In those days, when my hands were much employed, I read but little in books, little, little, little, little, but the least scraps of paper which lay on the ground, my holder, or tablecloth, afforded me as much entertainment, in fact 65b
Economy 65b written: A rewritten: D
A: A missing leaf (#41) precedes Economy 65b.

(Ronald Clapper)
answered the same purpose as the Iliad.
66a
Economy 66a written: D rewritten: D

(Ronald Clapper)
It would be worth the while to build still still still still still more deliberately r
Revision note: D1: and poetically,
and poetically than I did,
than I did, than I did, than I did, than I did,
considering, for instance, for instance, for instance, for instance, for instance, what foundation a door, a window, a cellar, a garret, have in the nature of man, and perchance perchance perchance perchance perchance never raising any superstructure until we found a better foundation for it in our minds. Even I built too heedlessly to build well, or fairly to learn my lesson reason for it than our temporal necessities even. reason for it than our temporal necessities even. reason for it than our temporal necessities even. reason for it than our temporal necessities even. reason for it than our temporal necessities even. There is something of the same propriety some of the same fitness some of the same fitness some of the same fitness some of the same fitness some of the same fitness in a man’s building his own house that there is in a bird’s building r
Revision note: D1: her
her its
its its its its
own nest. r
Revision note: D1: unless we would be do like cowbirds & cuckoos which lay their eggs in the nest which other birds have built and perhaps if men simply & honestly provided food for themselves & families, and constructed their dwellings with their own hands the poetic faculty would be universally developed, as birds sing in the spring at the season of the year when they are so engaged.
unless we would do like cowbirds and cuckoos, which lay their eggs in nests which other birds have built. Perchance, if men constructed their dwellings with their own hands, and provided food for themselves and families simply and honestly enough, the poetic faculty would be universally developed, as birds universally sing when they are so engaged. In building a shelter for himself man yields to a like instinct with the bird when it builds its nest, and celebrates its labors with its song; and perhaps if all men did thus, and provided But alas we do like cowbirds & cuckoos which lay their eggs in nests which other birds have built, & cheer no traveller with their chattering & unmusical notes.
Who knows but if men constructed their dwellings with their own hands, and provided food for themselves and families simply and honestly enough, the poetic faculty would be universally developed, as birds universally sing when they are so engaged? But alas! we do like cowbirds and cuckoos, which lay their eggs in nests which other birds have built, and cheer no traveller with their chattering and unmusical notes. Who knows but if men constructed their dwellings with their own hands, and provided food for themselves and families simply and honestly enough, the poetic faculty would be universally developed, as birds universally sing when they are so engaged? But alas! we do like cowbirds and cuckoos, which lay their eggs in nests which other birds have built, and cheer no traveller with their chattering and unmusical notes. Who knows but if men constructed their dwellings with their own hands, and provided food for themselves and families simply and honestly enough, the poetic faculty would be universally developed, as birds universally sing when they are so engaged? But alas! we do like cowbirds and cuckoos, which lay their eggs in nests which other birds have built, and cheer no traveller with their chattering and unmusical notes. Who knows but if men constructed their dwellings with their own hands, and provided food for themselves and families simply and honestly enough, the poetic faculty would be universally developed, as birds universally sing when they are so engaged? But alas! we do like cowbirds and cuckoos, which lay their eggs in nests which other birds have built, and cheer no traveller with their chattering and unmusical notes.
66b
Economy 66b written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
Shall men we we we we we forever resign the pleasure of construction to the carpenter? In building a shelter for himself man yields to the like instinct with the bird who is building her nest—& who celebrates her labors with her song What does architecture mean in the experience of the mass of men? What does architecture amount to in the experience of the mass of men? What does architecture amount to in the experience of the mass of men? What does architecture amount to in the experience of the mass of men? What does architecture amount to in the experience of the mass of men? I never in all my walks came across a man engaged in so simple and natural a thing an occupation an occupation an occupation an occupation as building his house. We belong to the community. It is not the tailor alone who is the ninth part of a man; That remark applies universally to the condition of men today—and is as true of the preacher as the tailor the nobleman as the peasant it is as much the preacher or merchant. it is as much the preacher, and the merchant, and the farmer. it is as much the preacher, and the merchant, and the farmer. it is as much the preacher, and the merchant, and the farmer. it is as much the preacher, and the merchant, and the farmer. Where is this division of labor to end? and what object does it finally serve? finally is its final object? object does it finally serve? object does it finally serve? object does it finally serve? object does it finally serve? No doubt another may also think for me; but it is not therefore desirable that he should do so do so do so do so do so to the exclusion of my thinking for myself. Folly in the gross is no more respectable than folly in detail. I do not hesitate to repeat what was asserted by another in a moment of illumination that “mankind is a damned fool.” Take the article ice, for instance, I say that society is foolish which so unwisely adds this to the already long list of its luxuries. My argument is this. We are exceedingly poor & not to say bankrupt living beyond our means—ice is a mere luxury at best & concomitant of luxuries—& truly it is an expensive luxury—say what you will about it. Have 20 mats at your door if you have leisure to shake them yourself—The fatuity with which it adopts & clutches at our luxuries—it is a roué, a debauché and will not listen to reason—as well as reason with a sick man. You must use force for his good or let him die! myself. myself. myself. myself.
67a
Economy 67a written: D rewritten: D

(Ronald Clapper)
True, there are architects so called in this country as elsewhere, country, country, country, country, and I have heard of one at least possessed with the idea of making architectural ornaments have a core of truth, a necessity, and hence a beauty, as if it were a revelation unto to to to to to him. All very well perchance perhaps perhaps perhaps perhaps from his point of view, but only a little better than the common dilettantism. One must treat tenderly such artists and their schemes. dilettantism. dilettantism. dilettantism. dilettantism. A sentimental reformer in architecture, he began at the cornice, not at the foundation. It was only how to put a core of truth within the ornaments, that every sugar plum in fact might have an almond or caraway seed in it,—though I hold that almonds are most wholesome without the sugar, in it,—though I hold that almonds are most wholesome without the sugar, in it,—though I hold that almonds are most wholesome without the sugar, in it,—though I hold that almonds are most wholesome without the sugar, —and not how the inhabitant, the indweller, might build truly within and without, and let the ornaments take care of themselves. What reasonable man ever supposed that ornaments were something outward and outward and outward and outward and outward and in the skin merely,—that the tortoise got his spotted shell, or the shellfish its mother-o’-pearl tints, by such a contract as the people inhabitants inhabitants inhabitants inhabitants inhabitants of Broadway their Trinity Church? r
Revision note: D1:
But a man has no more to do with the style of architecture of his house than a tortoise with that of its shell: nor need the soldier be so idle as to try to paint the precise color of his virtue on his standard. The enemy will find it out. He may turn pale when the trial comes.
But a man has no more to do with the style of architecture of his house than a tortoise with that of its shell: nor need the soldier be so idle as to try to paint the precise color of his virtue on his standard. The enemy will find it out. He may turn pale when the trial comes. But a man has no more to do with the style of architecture of his house than a tortoise with that of its shell: nor need the soldier be so idle as to try to paint the precise color of his virtue on his standard. The enemy will find it out. He may turn pale when the trial comes. But a man has no more to do with the style of architecture of his house than a tortoise with that of its shell: nor need the soldier be so idle as to try to paint the precise color of his virtue on his standard. The enemy will find it out. He may turn pale when the trial comes. But a man has no more to do with the style of architecture of his house than a tortoise with that of its shell: nor need the soldier be so idle as to try to paint the precise color of his virtue on his standard. The enemy will find it out. He may turn pale when the trial comes.
This man seemed to me to lean over the cornice and timidly whisper this his his his his his half truth to the rude r
Revision note: D1: indwellers
indwellers
occupants occupants occupants occupants
who really knew it more interiorly better better better better better than he. What of architectural beauty I now see, I know has gradually grown from within outward, out of the character and necessities and character necessities and character necessities and character necessities and character necessities and character of the indweller, r
Revision note: D1: and who is the only
and who is the only
who is the only who is the only who is the only who is the only
builder,—out of r
Revision note: D1: an
an some
some some some some
unconscious r
Revision note: D1: nobleness & truthfulness,
nobleness, and truthfulness & nobleness,
truthfulness, and nobleness, truthfulness, and nobleness, truthfulness, and nobleness, truthfulness, and nobleness,
without ever a thought for mere ornament; the appearance; the appearance; the appearance; the appearance; and whatever additional beauty of this kind is destined to be produced will be r
Revision note: D1: preceded & accompanied, aye created
preceded & created
preceded preceded preceded preceded
by a like unconscious beauty of life. r
Revision note: D1: One of the most beautiful dwellings in this country is a loggers hut in the woods the most beautiful dwellings in this country are as the painter knows the most unpretending, humble log huts & cottages;
The most beautiful interesting dwellings in this country are as the painter knows are the most unpretending, humble log-huts & cottages of the poor commonly;
The most interesting dwellings in this country, as the painter knows, are the most unpretending, humble log huts and cottages of the poor commonly; The most interesting dwellings in this country, as the painter knows, are the most unpretending, humble log huts and cottages of the poor commonly; The most interesting dwellings in this country, as the painter knows, are the most unpretending, humble log huts and cottages of the poor commonly; The most interesting dwellings in this country, as the painter knows, are the most unpretending, humble log huts and cottages of the poor commonly;
r
Revision note: D1:
it is the life of the inhabitants whose shells they are, and not any peculiarity in their surface merely, which makes them picturesque ;
it is the life of the inhabitants whose shells they are, and not any peculiarity in their surface merely, which makes them picturesque ; it is the life of the inhabitants whose shells they are, and not any peculiarity in their surface merely, which makes them picturesque ; it is the life of the inhabitants whose shells they are, and not any peculiarity in their surface merely, which makes them picturesque ; it is the life of the inhabitants whose shells they are, and not any peculiarity in their surface merely, which makes them picturesque ;
and equally r
Revision note: D1: beautiful
beautiful interesting
interesting interesting interesting interesting
will be the citizen’s suburban box, when r
Revision note: D1: the life of the indweller
the life of the indweller
his life his life his life his life
shall be as simple and as agreeable to the imagination, and there is as little straining after effect in the style of his dwelling. A great proportion of architectural ornaments are literally hollow, and a September gale would strip most of them them them them them off, like borrowed plumes, without injury to the substantials. They will can can can can do without architecture who have no olives nor wines in the cellar. What if an equal ado were made about the ornaments of style in literature, and the architects of our bibles spent as much time about their cornices as the architects of our churches do? So are made the belles-lettres and the beaux-arts and their professors. What if an equal ado were made about the ornaments of style in literature, and the architects of our bibles spent as much time about their cornices as the architects of our churches do? So are made the belles-lettres and the beaux-arts and their professors. What if an equal ado were made about the ornaments of style in literature, and the architects of our bibles spent as much time about their cornices as the architects of our churches do? So are made the belles-lettres and the beaux-arts and their professors. What if an equal ado were made about the ornaments of style in literature, and the architects of our bibles spent as much time about their cornices as the architects of our churches do? So are made the belles-lettres and the beaux-arts and their professors. Much it concerns a man, forsooth, how a few sticks are slanted over him or under him, and what colors are daubed upon his box. and what colors are daubed upon his box. and what colors are daubed upon his box. and what colors are daubed upon his box. and what colors are daubed upon his box. It would signify somewhat, if, in r
Revision note: D1: some
some any
any any any any
earnest sense, he slanted them & daubed them; them and daubed it; them and daubed it; them and daubed it; them and daubed it; but now, the spirit having departed out of the tenant, the spirit having departed out of the tenant, the spirit having departed out of the tenant, the spirit having departed out of the tenant, it is of a piece 67b
Economy 67b written: F

(Ronald Clapper)
with constructing his own coffin,—the architecture of the grave, and “carpenter” is but another name for “undertaker.” “coffin-maker.” “coffin-maker.” One man says, in his despair or indifference to life, take up a handful of the earth at your feet, and paint your house that color. Is he thinking of his last and narrow house? Is he thinking of his last and narrow house? Is he thinking of his last and narrow house? Toss up a copper for it as well. What an abundance of leisure he must have! Why do you take up a handful of dirt? Why not paint your house with your blood, with your sweat, at least? & thin not the paint with spirits of turpentine. Better paint your house your own complexion; let it turn pale or blush for you. Better paint your house your own complexion; let it turn pale or blush for you. An enterprise to improve the style of cottage architecture! When you have got my ornaments ready I will wear them. Grow your own house, I say. Build it after some Orphean fashion. them. them.
68
Economy 68 written: C

(Ronald Clapper)
Before winter I built a chimney, and built a chimney, and built a chimney, and built a chimney, and built a chimney, and built a chimney, and shingled the sides of my house, which were already impervious to rain, with imperfect and sappy shingles made of the first slice of the log, whose edges I was obliged to straighten with a plane.
69
Economy 69 written: A rewritten: B, C
A: and I give the details … materials which compose them is interlined.

(Ronald Clapper)
I have a thus a tight shingled and plastered house even more thoroughly finished than usual excepting the shingling thus a tight shingled and plastered house, thus a tight shingled and plastered house, thus a tight shingled and plastered house, thus a tight shingled and plastered house, thus a tight shingled and plastered house, thus a tight shingled and plastered house, thus a tight shingled and plastered house, ten feet wide wide wide wide wide wide wide wide by fifteen long, long, long, long, long, long, long, long, and eight-feet high, posts, posts, posts, posts, posts, posts, posts, with a garret and a closet, a large window on each side, two trap doors, one door at the end, and a brick brick brick brick brick brick brick brick fireplace opposite. The exact cost of my house, when completed, house, when completed, house, house, house, house, house, house, paying the usual price for the materials the materials the such materials such materials as I used, such materials as I used, such materials as I used, such materials as I used, such materials as I used, but not counting the work, all of which was done by myself, was as follows; I should not enter so much into details if it were not for the fact that I should not enter so much into details if it were not for the fact & I give the details because and I give the details because and I give the details because and I give the details because and I give the details because and I give the details because and I give the details because very few are able to tell exactly what their houses cost, and fewer still, if any, the separate cost of the various materials which compose them:—
Boards, $ 8 03½, mostly shanty boards. mostly shanty boards. mostly shanty boards. mostly shanty boards. mostly shanty boards. mostly shanty boards. mostly shanty boards.
Refuse shingles for roof and sides, 4.00 4.00 4 00 4 00 4 00 4 00 4 00 4 00 They were merely just shakes They had to be straightened with a plane I had to straighten them with a plane
Laths, 1 25
Two second-hand windows with glass, 2 43 That was high
One thousand old brick, 4 00
Two casks of lime, 2 40 That was high.
Hair, 0 31 More than I needed.
Mantle-tree iron, 0 15
Nails, 3 90
Hinges and screws, 0 14
Latch, .10 .10 .10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 I helped forge that I helped forge that Finished by myself Finished by myself
Chalk, 0 01
Transportation, 1 40 } I carried a good part on my back.
In all, $28 12½
70
Economy 70 written: B rewritten: C
B: These are all the materials … by squatter’s right is interlined in pencil.

(Ronald Clapper)
These are all the materials which entered into its composition, materials which entered into its composition composed it, materials, materials, materials, materials, materials, excepting the frame & the frame & the timber timber timber timber timber stones and sand, which I claimed by squatter’s right. I have also a small wood-shed attached, attached adjoining, adjoining, adjoining, adjoining, adjoining, adjoining, made chiefly of the materials which were materials which were stuff which was stuff which was stuff which was stuff which was stuff which was stuff which was left after building my house. my the house. the house. the house. the house. the house. the house.
71
Economy 71 written: A rewritten: C
A: Economy 71, 72a, 73a, and 74 were added to the manuscript on two unnumbered leaves.

(Ronald Clapper)
I intend to build me a house which will surpass any on the main street in Concord in Concord in Concord in Concord in Concord in Concord in Concord in Concord in grandeur and luxury, as soon as it pleases me as much and will cost me no more than my present one.
72a
Economy 72a written: A rewritten: B, C

(Ronald Clapper)
I thus found that the student who would have a shelter, i.e. if you wish to speak of facts and will recognize only such a necessity as the fates know would have a shelter, i.e. if you wish to speak of facts and will recognize only such a necessity as the fates know would have wishes for a shelter, that is if you wish to speak of facts, and will recognize only such necessities as the fates know wishes for a shelter wishes for a shelter wishes for a shelter wishes for a shelter wishes for a shelter can obtain one for a lifetime for a lifetime for a lifetime for a lifetime for a lifetime for a lifetime for a lifetime at an expense not greater than the rent which he now pays annually. If I seem to be vainglorious in my statements & brag more than is consistent with good taste, be vainglorious in my statements & brag more than is consistent with good taste, be vainglorious and to boast more than is consistent with good taste in what I am about to say, boast more than is becoming, boast more than is becoming, boast more than is becoming, boast more than is becoming, boast more than is becoming, my excuse is that I brag for humanity as well as rather than rather than rather than rather than rather than rather than rather than rather than for myself; I can well afford to assume the tone of a braggart there is so much truth in what I say. I can well afford to assume the tone of a braggart there is so much truth in what I say. and indeed I think that I can well afford to assume the tone of a braggart, notwithstanding my inconsistencies, there will be so much truth in what I shall say certainly my numerous shortcomings & inconsistencies do not affect the truth of what I now say my present statement. and my shortcomings and inconsistencies do not affect the truth of my statement. and my shortcomings and inconsistencies do not affect the truth of my statement. and my shortcomings and inconsistencies do not affect the truth of my statement. and my shortcomings and inconsistencies do not affect the truth of my statement. and my shortcomings and inconsistencies do not affect the truth of my statement. Notwithstanding much cant and hypocrisy,—chaff which I find it difficult to separate from my wheat, but for which I am as sorry as any man,—I will breathe freely and stretch myself in this respect, it is such a relief to both the moral and physical system; and I am resolved that I will not through humility become the devil’s attorney. I will endeavor to speak a good word for the truth. Notwithstanding much cant and hypocrisy,—chaff which I find it difficult to separate from my wheat, but for which I am as sorry as any man,—I will breathe freely and stretch myself in this respect, it is such a relief to both the moral and physical system; and I am resolved that I will not through humility become the devil’s attorney. I will endeavor to speak a good word for the truth. Notwithstanding much cant and hypocrisy,—chaff which I find it difficult to separate from my wheat, but for which I am as sorry as any man,—I will breathe freely and stretch myself in this respect, it is such a relief to both the moral and physical system; and I am resolved that I will not through humility become the devil’s attorney. I will endeavor to speak a good word for the truth. Notwithstanding much cant and hypocrisy,—chaff which I find it difficult to separate from my wheat, but for which I am as sorry as any man,—I will breathe freely and stretch myself in this respect, it is such a relief to both the moral and physical system; and I am resolved that I will not through humility become the devil’s attorney. I will endeavor to speak a good word for the truth. Notwithstanding much cant and hypocrisy,—chaff which I find it difficult to separate from my wheat, but for which I am as sorry as any man,—I will breathe freely and stretch myself in this respect, it is such a relief to both the moral and physical system; and I am resolved that I will not through humility become the devil’s attorney. I will endeavor to speak a good word for the truth. In In In At At At At At At Cambridge College the mere rent of a student’s room, which is no better only somewhat larger no better only somewhat larger only somewhat larger only a little larger only a little larger only a little larger only a little larger only a little larger than my own, is thirty dollars each year, though the corporation had the advantage of building thirty-two side by side and under one roof, and the occupant has has has suffers suffers suffers suffers suffers suffers the inconvenience of many and noisy neighbors, and a residence perhaps a residence perhaps perhaps a residence perhaps perhaps a residence perhaps a residence perhaps a residence perhaps a residence perhaps a residence in the fourth story. I cannot but think that if the college corporation and the students had more wit true wisdom in these respects not only less education would be needed, because forsooth more would already have been acquired, but the expense of getting an education would not only for the most part vanish, but less education would be needed, because forsooth more would already have been acquired. Just those I cannot but think that if the college corporation and the students had more wit true wisdom in these respects not only less education would be needed, because forsooth more would already have been acquired, but the expense of getting an education would not only for the most part vanish, but less education would be needed, because forsooth more would already have been acquired. Just those I cannot but think that if the corporation and the students we had more true practical wisdom in these respects, not only less education would be needed, because forsooth more would already have been acquired, but the pecuniary expense of getting an education would for the most part in a great measure vanish. Just those I cannot but think that if we had more true wisdom in these respects, not only less education would be needed, because, forsooth, more would already have been acquired, but the pecuniary expense of getting an education would in a great measure vanish. Those I cannot but think that if we had more true wisdom in these respects, not only less education would be needed, because, forsooth, more would already have been acquired, but the pecuniary expense of getting an education would in a great measure vanish. Those I cannot but think that if we had more true wisdom in these respects, not only less education would be needed, because, forsooth, more would already have been acquired, but the pecuniary expense of getting an education would in a great measure vanish. Those I cannot but think that if we had more true wisdom in these respects, not only less education would be needed, because, forsooth, more would already have been acquired, but the pecuniary expense of getting an education would in a great measure vanish. Those I cannot but think that if we had more true wisdom in these respects, not only less education would be needed, because, forsooth, more would already have been acquired, but the pecuniary expense of getting an education would in a great measure vanish. Those conveniences which the student requires at Cambridge or elsewhere or elsewhere or elsewhere or elsewhere or elsewhere or elsewhere cost him or somebody else ten times as great a sacrifice of life as they would with proper management on both sides. Those things for which the most money is demanded are not the things which the student most wants. Tuition, for instance, of comparatively little value is an important item in the term bill while the education which the student gets by associating with the best of his contemporaries is not charged for there. Those things for which the most money is demanded are never the things which the student most wants. Tuition, for instance, is an important item in the term bill, while for the far more valuable education which he gets by associating with the most cultivated of his contemporaries no charge is made. Those things for which the most money is demanded are never the things which the student most wants. Tuition, for instance, is an important item in the term bill, while for the far more valuable education which he gets by associating with the most cultivated of his contemporaries no charge is made. Those things for which the most money is demanded are never the things which the student most wants. Tuition, for instance, is an important item in the term bill, while for the far more valuable education which he gets by associating with the most cultivated of his contemporaries no charge is made. Those things for which the most money is demanded are never the things which the student most wants. Tuition, for instance, is an important item in the term bill, while for the far more valuable education which he gets by associating with the most cultivated of his contemporaries no charge is made. Those things for which the most money is demanded are never the things which the student most wants. Tuition, for instance, is an important item in the term bill, while for the far more valuable education which he gets by associating with the most cultivated of his contemporaries no charge is made. The mode of founding a college is, commonly, commonly, commonly, commonly, commonly, commonly, commonly, to get up a subscription of dollars and cents, and then following blindly the principles of a division of labor to its extreme, a principle which should never be followed but with circumspection, following blindly following the principle of a division of labor to its extreme, a principle which should only be followed but with circumspection—to never be adopted following blindly the principles of a division of labor to its extreme, a principle which should never be followed but with circumspection, following blindly the principles of a division of labor to its extreme, a principle which should never be followed but with circumspection, following blindly the principles of a division of labor to its extreme, a principle which should never be followed but with circumspection, following blindly the principles of a division of labor to its extreme, a principle which should never be followed but with circumspection, following blindly the principles of a division of labor to its extreme, a principle which should never be followed but with circumspection, following blindly the principles of a division of labor to its extreme, a principle which should never be followed but with circumspection, employ Irishmen or other operatives actually to lay the foundations—or to call in a contractor to make this a subject of speculation, to employ Irishmen or other operatives, actually to lay the foundations—or else to call in a contractor to make this a subject of speculation, to employ Irishmen, or other operatives, actually to lay the foundations—or else to call in a contractor to make this a subject of speculation, to call in a contractor who makes this a subject of speculation, and he employs Irishmen or other operatives actually to lay the foundations, to call in a contractor who makes this a subject of speculation, and he employs Irishmen or other operatives actually to lay the foundations, to call in a contractor who makes this a subject of speculation, and he employs Irishmen or other operatives actually to lay the foundations, to call in a contractor who makes this a subject of speculation, and he employs Irishmen or other operatives actually to lay the foundations, to call in a contractor who makes this a subject of speculation, and he employs Irishmen or other operatives actually to lay the foundations, while the students that are to be are said to be said to be said to be said to be said to be said to be said to be said to be fitting themselves for it; and for these oversights succeeding succeeding succeeding successive successive successive successive successive generations have to pay. I think that it would undoubtedly would undoubtedly would undoubtedly would would would would would be better than this better than this better than this better than this better than this better than this better than this better than this for the students, or those who desire to be benefited by it, even even even even even even even even to lay the foundation themselves. The student who secures his coveted leisure & retirement by systematically shirking any labor necessary to man kind obtains but an ignoble and unprofitable leisure & defrauding himself of the experience which alone can make that leisure fruitful. The student who secures his coveted leisure and retirement by systematically shirking any labor necessary to man obtains but an ignoble and unprofitable leisure, defrauding himself of the experience which alone can make leisure fruitful. The student who secures his coveted leisure and retirement by systematically shirking any labor necessary to man obtains but an ignoble and unprofitable leisure, defrauding himself of the experience which alone can make leisure fruitful. The student who secures his coveted leisure and retirement by systematically shirking any labor necessary to man obtains but an ignoble and unprofitable leisure, defrauding himself of the experience which alone can make leisure fruitful. The student who secures his coveted leisure and retirement by systematically shirking any labor necessary to man obtains but an ignoble and unprofitable leisure, defrauding himself of the experience which alone can make leisure fruitful. The student who secures his coveted leisure and retirement by systematically shirking any labor necessary to man obtains but an ignoble and unprofitable leisure, defrauding himself of the experience which alone can make leisure fruitful. The student who secures his coveted leisure and retirement by systematically shirking any labor necessary to man obtains but an ignoble and unprofitable leisure, defrauding himself of the experience which alone can make leisure fruitful. But, But, But asks one, “But,” says one, “But,” says one, “But,” says one, “But,” says one, “But,” says one, you you you "you "you "you "you "you do not mean that the students should go to work with their hands instead of their do not mean that the students should go to work with their hands instead of their do not mean that the students should go to work with their hands instead of their do not mean that the students should go to work with their hands instead of their do not mean that the students should go to work with their hands instead of their do not mean that the students should go to work with their hands instead of their do not mean that the students should go to work with their hands instead of their do not mean that the students should go to work with their hands instead of their heads do you? No— heads, do you?—No, heads, do you? heads?" heads?" heads?" heads?" heads?" I do not mean that exactly, but I mean something which I do not mean that exactly, but I mean something which I do not mean that exactly, but I mean something which I do not mean that exactly, but I mean something which I do not mean that exactly, but I mean something which I do not mean that exactly, but I mean something which I do not mean that exactly, but I mean something which I do not mean that exactly, but I mean something which you you you he he he he he might think a good deal like that; I mean that might think a good deal like that; I mean that might think a good deal like that; I mean that might think a good deal like that; I mean that might think a good deal like that; I mean that might think a good deal like that; I mean that might think a good deal like that; I mean that might think a good deal like that; I mean that they should work with their hands as well as or rather than with their heads. the students should work with their hands as well as with their heads at least they should not play life or study it merely while the community supports them at this expensive game but earnestly live it from beginning to end. they should not play life, or study it merely, while the community supports them at this expensive game, but earnestly live it from beginning to end. they should not play life, or study it merely, while the community supports them at this expensive game, but earnestly live it from beginning to end. they should not play life, or study it merely, while the community supports them at this expensive game, but earnestly live it from beginning to end. they should not play life, or study it merely, while the community supports them at this expensive game, but earnestly live it from beginning to end. they should not play life, or study it merely, while the community supports them at this expensive game, but earnestly live it from beginning to end. they should not play life, or study it merely, while the community supports them at this expensive game, but earnestly live it from beginning to end. How will you better learn to live than by trying the experiment of living a little. How could youths better learn to live than by at once trying the experiment of living? Methinks this would exercise their minds sufficiently as much as mathematics. How could youths better learn to live than by at once trying the experiment of living? Methinks this would exercise their minds as much as mathematics. How could youths better learn to live than by at once trying the experiment of living? Methinks this would exercise their minds as much as mathematics. How could youths better learn to live than by at once trying the experiment of living? Methinks this would exercise their minds as much as mathematics. How could youths better learn to live than by at once trying the experiment of living? Methinks this would exercise their minds as much as mathematics. How could youths better learn to live than by at once trying the experiment of living? Methinks this would exercise their minds as much as mathematics. 72b
Economy 72b written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
If I wished a boy to know something about the arts and sciences, for instance, for instance, for instance, for instance, for instance, I should would would would would would not pursue the common course, which is merely merely merely merely merely to send him into the neighborhood of some professor, where any thing is professed and practised but the art of human life; life; life; life; life; —to survey the world through a telescope or a microscope, and never with his natural eye; to study chemistry, and not know learn learn learn learn learn how his bread is made, or mechanics, and not know learn learn learn learn learn how it is earned; to discover new satellites to Neptune, and not detect the motes in his eyes, or to what vagabond he is a satellite himself; or or to what vagabond he is a satellite himself; or or to what vagabond he is a satellite himself; or or to what vagabond he is a satellite himself; or to be devoured by the monsters that swarm all around him, while contemplating the monsters in a drop of vinegar. Which would be the wisest have advanced the most have advanced the most have advanced the most have advanced the most at the end of a month,—the boy who had made his own jackknife from the ore which he had dug and smelted, reading as much as would be necessary for that purpose, reading as much as would be necessary for this, reading as much as would be necessary for this, reading as much as would be necessary for this, reading as much as would be necessary for this, —or the boy who had attended the lectures on metallurgy at the Institute in the mean while, and had received a Rodgers’ knife penknife penknife penknife penknife from his father? Which would be most likely to cut his fingers? Methinks the former would have something to tell the professor. How much more aid might the agricultural chemist afford to the farmer, if he were to some extent an agriculturalist himself? Of what avail, if the man of science merely shows you how to do a thing, which he cannot do, he says for want of leisure and you cannot understand perhaps for the same reason. Forsooth, to him it is so easy—and to you it is so hard, that it is not worth the while for either to try; and so the gifts of the gods are spilled between you! I remembered n
Note: continued on a missing leaf (R. Clapper)
fingers? fingers? fingers? fingers?
—To my astonishment I was informed on leaving college that I had studied navigation! why, if I had taken one turn down the harbor I should have known more about it. Even the poor student studies and is taught only political economy, while that economy of living which is synonymous with philosophy is not even sincerely professed in our colleges. The consequence is, that while he is reading Adam Smith, Ricardo, and Say, he runs his father in debt irretrievably. why, if I had taken one turn down the harbor I should have known more about it. Even the poor student studies and is taught only political economy, while that economy of living which is synonymous with philosophy is not even sincerely professed in our colleges. The consequence is, that while he is reading Adam Smith, Ricardo, and Say, he runs his father in debt irretrievably. why, if I had taken one turn down the harbor I should have known more about it. Even the poor student studies and is taught only political economy, while that economy of living which is synonymous with philosophy is not even sincerely professed in our colleges. The consequence is, that while he is reading Adam Smith, Ricardo, and Say, he runs his father in debt irretrievably. why, if I had taken one turn down the harbor I should have known more about it. Even the poor student studies and is taught only political economy, while that economy of living which is synonymous with philosophy is not even sincerely professed in our colleges. The consequence is, that while he is reading Adam Smith, Ricardo, and Say, he runs his father in debt irretrievably.
73a
Economy 73a written: A rewritten: B, C, D

(Ronald Clapper)
And, And, And, As with our colleges, As with our colleges, As with our colleges, As with our colleges, As with our colleges, so with a hundred “modern improvements”; there is an illusion about them; there is no positive advance. no positive advance. no positive advance. clear and absolute advancement. not always a positive advance. not always a positive advance. not always a positive advance. not always a positive advance. not always a positive advance. The devil goes on exacting compound interest to the last for his early interest share share share share share share share share and numerous succeeding succeeding succeeding succeeding succeeding succeeding succeeding investments in them. If we’re to get rid at once of all those things which our better sense tells us to be shams, how many other customs which are now beyond suspicion would go with them? them. If we’re to get rid at once of all those things which our better sense tells us to be shams, how many other customs which are now beyond suspicion would go with them? them. If we’re to get rid at once of all those things which our better sense tells us to be shams, how many other customs which are now beyond suspicion would go with them? them. them. them. them. them. Our inventions are wont to be pretty toys, which distract our attention from serious things. Our inventions are wont to be commonly pretty toys which distract our attention from serious things Our inventions are wont to be pretty toys, which distract our attention from serious things. Our inventions are wont to be pretty toys, which distract our attention from serious things. Our inventions are wont to be pretty toys, which distract our attention from serious things. Our inventions are wont to be pretty toys, which distract our attention from serious things. Our inventions are wont to be pretty toys, which distract our attention from serious things. They are but improved means to an unimproved end. They are but improved means to an unimproved end, an end which it was already too easy to arrive at; as railroads lead to Boston or New York. They are but improved means to an unimproved end, an end which it was already too easy to arrive at; as railroads lead to Boston or New York. They are but improved means to an unimproved end, an end which it was already too easy to arrive at; as railroads lead to Boston or New York. They are but improved means to an unimproved end, an end which it was already too easy to arrive at; as railroads lead to Boston or New York. They are but improved means to an unimproved end, an end which it was already too easy to arrive at; as railroads lead to Boston or New York. Men Men We We We We We We We are in great haste to construct a magnetic telegraph from Maine to Louisiana—but Maine and Louisiana have nothing to communicate. I don’t remember anything that Louisiana ever said. She Louisiana—but Maine and Louisiana have nothing important to communicate. I don’t remember anything that Louisiana ever said or Maine. She Either Louisiana Texas but Maine & Louisiana Texas it may be have nothing important to communicate. Either Texas; but Maine and Texas, it may be, have nothing important to communicate. Either Texas; but Maine and Texas, it may be, have nothing important to communicate. Either Texas; but Maine and Texas, it may be, have nothing important to communicate. Either Texas; but Maine and Texas, it may be, have nothing important to communicate. Either Texas; but Maine and Texas, it may be, have nothing important to communicate. Either is in such a predicament as the gentleman gentleman man man man man man man man who was earnest to be introduced to a distinguished deaf woman, but when he was presented, and one end of the ear trumpet one end of her ear trumpet one end of her ear trumpet was one end of her ear trumpet was one end of her ear trumpet was one end of her ear trumpet was one end of her ear trumpet was one end of her ear trumpet was put into his hand, had nothing to say. As if the main object were to talk fast and not to talk sensibly. As if the main object were to talk fast and not to talk sensibly. As if the main object were to talk fast and not to talk sensibly. As if the main object were to talk fast and not to talk sensibly. As if the main object were to talk fast and not to talk sensibly. As if the main object were to talk fast and not to talk sensibly. Men are mad Men We are mad We are mad eager We are eager We are eager We are eager We are eager We are eager to tunnel under the Atlantic and bring the old world some weeks nearer to the new; but perchance the first news that will leak through into the broad, flapping American ear will be that the Princess Adelaide has the whooping cough. 73b
Economy 73b written: C rewritten: C
C: Economy 73b was added to the manuscript following Economy 75b on a leaf from B that had been taken into C and was later inserted in its present position on the leaf containing Economy 73a and 74.

(Ronald Clapper)
After all, the man whose horse trots a mile in a minute who rides the fastest trotting horse whose horse trots a mile in a minute whose horse trots a mile in a minute whose horse trots a mile in a minute whose horse trots a mile in a minute whose horse trots a mile in a minute does not carry the most important messages; he is not r
Revision note: C1: one of the evangelists. The jockey does not an evangelist: nor does he
one of the evangelists nor does he
an evangelist, nor does he an evangelist, nor does he an evangelist, nor does he an evangelist, nor does he an evangelist, nor does he
come round eating locusts and wild honey. I doubt if the famous horse Flying Flying Flying Flying Flying Flying Childers ever carried a peck of corn to mill. Certain rights were practised by the Smrities (a sect among the Hindoos) at the digging of wells. The pond was my well ready dug—therefore I had no occasion to practice my rights of this sort. When the Gods have a message which they are in haste to communicate to mankind they won’t send it by the express train nor over the telegraph wire mill. mill. mill. mill. mill.
74
Economy 74 written: A rewritten: B, C
C: A fair copy was made of only One says to me … and see the country.

(Ronald Clapper)
One says to me, “I wonder that you do not lay up money; you love to travel; you might take the cars and go to Fitchburg to-day and see the country.” But I am wiser than that. I have learned that the swiftest traveller is he that goes afoot. I say to my friend, Suppose we try who will get there first. first. first. first. first. first. first. The distance is thirty miles; The distance is thirty miles; The distance is thirty miles; The distance is thirty miles; The distance is thirty miles; The distance is thirty miles; The distance is thirty miles; The distance is thirty miles; the fare is a dollar 70 cents which is less than on most roads. 70 cents—less than on most roads—Yet ninety cents. ninety cents. ninety cents. ninety cents. ninety cents. ninety cents. That is almost almost almost almost almost almost almost almost a day’s wages. I have known wages to be 60 cents a day for laborers on that very road. Well, I have known wages to be remember when wages were 60 cents a day for laborers on this very road. Well, I remember when wages were sixty cents a day for laborers on this very road. Well, I remember when wages were sixty cents a day for laborers on this very road. Well, I remember when wages were sixty cents a day for laborers on this very road. Well, I remember when wages were sixty cents a day for laborers on this very road. Well, I remember when wages were sixty cents a day for laborers on this very road. Well, I remember when wages were sixty cents a day for laborers on this very road. Well, I start now on foot, and get there before night; I have travelled at that rate by the week together. I have travelled at that rate by the week together. I have travelled at that rate by the week together. I have travelled at that rate by the week together. I have travelled at that rate by the week together. I have travelled at that rate by the week together. I have travelled at that rate by the week together. I have travelled at that rate by the week together. You will in the mean while have earned your fare dollar fare and get arrive fare, and arrive fare, and arrive fare, and arrive fare, and arrive fare, and arrive fare, and arrive fare, and arrive there some time to-morrow, or possibly this evening, that is if you are lucky enough to find a job in season. or possibly this evening, if you are lucky enough to get a job in season. or possibly this evening, if you are lucky enough to get a job in season. or possibly this evening, if you are lucky enough to get a job in season. or possibly this evening, if you are lucky enough to get a job in season. or possibly this evening, if you are lucky enough to get a job in season. or possibly this evening, if you are lucky enough to get a job in season. or possibly this evening, if you are lucky enough to get a job in season. Instead of going to Fitchburg, you will be working here the greater part of the day. Instead of going to Fitchburg, you will be working here the greater part of the day. Instead of going to Fitchburg, you will be working here the greater part of the day. Instead of going to Fitchburg, you will be working here the greater part of the day. Instead of going to Fitchburg, you will be working here the greater part of the day. Instead of going to Fitchburg, you will be working here the greater part of the day. Instead of going to Fitchburg, you will be working here the greater part of the day. And so, if the railroad reached round the world, I think that I should keep ahead of you; and as for seeing the country and getting experience I think I of that kind I of that kind, I of that kind, I of that kind, I of that kind, I of that kind, I of that kind, I should have to cut your acquaintance altogether.
75a
Economy 75a written: C rewritten: E

(Ronald Clapper)
Such is the universal law, which no man can ever outwit, and even with regard to the railroad even with regard to the railroad even with regard to the railroad even with regard to the railroad even with regard to the railroad even with regard to the railroad even we may say it is as broad as it is long. if you want to make a railroad round the world for mankind you must grade the whole surface. To make a railroad round the world available to all mankind is equivalent to grading the whole surface of the planet. To make a railroad round the world available to all mankind is equivalent to grading the whole surface of the planet. To make a railroad round the world available to all mankind is equivalent to grading the whole surface of the planet. To make a railroad round the world available to all mankind is equivalent to grading the whole surface of the planet. To make a railroad round the world available to all mankind is equivalent to grading the whole surface of the planet. Men have an indistinct notion that if they keep up this activity of joint stocks and spades long enough all will at length ride nowhere, somewhere, somewhere, somewhere, somewhere, somewhere, somewhere, in next to no time, and for nothing; Every day it happens that when the bell rings mankind a crowd rushes to the station house depot, the conductor shouts “all aboard,” Whiz tiz siz burz & the cars are off. But when the smoke blows away & the vapor condenses, it is perceived that a few are riding, but the rest are run over—& it is called and is a melancholy accident. Every day it happens that when the bell rings mankind a crowd rushes to the station house depot, the conductor shouts “all aboard,” Whiz tiz siz burz & the cars are off. But when the smoke blows away & the vapor condenses, it is perceived that a few are riding, but the rest are run over—& it is called and is a melancholy accident. Every day it happens that when the bell rings but though a crowd rushes to the depot, & the conductor shouts “all aboard,” Whiz-tiz-siz-burz, and the cars are off. But when the smoke blows away and the vapor condenses it is will be perceived that a few are riding, but the rest are run over; and it is will be called, and is will be, “a melancholy accident.” but though a crowd rushes to the depot, and the conductor shouts “All aboard!” when the smoke is blown away and the vapor condensed, it will be perceived that a few are riding, but the rest are run over,— and it will be called, and will be, “A melancholy accident.” but though a crowd rushes to the depot, and the conductor shouts “All aboard!” when the smoke is blown away and the vapor condensed, it will be perceived that a few are riding, but the rest are run over,— and it will be called, and will be, “A melancholy accident.” but though a crowd rushes to the depot, and the conductor shouts “All aboard!” when the smoke is blown away and the vapor condensed, it will be perceived that a few are riding, but the rest are run over,— and it will be called, and will be, “A melancholy accident.” No doubt they will can can can can can can ride at last who shall have earned their fare, that is if they survive, that is, if they survive so long, that is, if they survive so long, that is, if they survive so long, but they will probably have lost their elasticity and desire to travel by that time. This spending of the best part of one’s life earning money in order to enjoy a questionable liberty during the least valuable part of it, of it, of it, of it, reminds me of the Englishman who went to India to make a fortune first, in order that he might return to England and live the life of a poet. He should have gone up garret at once. 75b
Economy 75b written: C rewritten: E
C: Economy 75b was added to the manuscript following 74 and preceding 76a on a leaf from B that had been taken into C.

(Ronald Clapper)
But But But “What!” “What!” “What!” exclaim a million Irishmen starting up from all the shanties in the land, spade in hand, land, spade in hand, land, spade in hand, land, land, land, “is not this railroad which we have built a good thing?” Yes, I answer, comparatively good, that is, you might have done worse; that is, you might have done worse; that is, you might have done worse; that is, you might have done worse; that is, you might have done worse; but I wish, as you are brothers of mine, as you are brothers of mine, as you are brothers of mine, as you are brothers of mine, as you are brothers of mine, as you are brothers of mine, that you could have spent your time better than digging in this dirt.
76a
Economy 76a written: A rewritten: A, B, E

(Ronald Clapper)
Before I finished my house, r
Revision note: A1:
wishing to earn 10 or 12 dollars during the season, by some simple honest & agreeable method, in order to meet my unusual expenses, wishing to earn ten or twelve dollars by some honest and agreeable method, in order to meet my unusual expenses, wishing to earn ten or twelve dollars by some honest and agreeable method, in order to meet my unusual expenses, wishing to earn ten or twelve dollars by some honest and agreeable method, in order to meet my unusual expenses, wishing to earn ten or twelve dollars by some honest and agreeable method, in order to meet my unusual expenses, wishing to earn ten or twelve dollars by some honest and agreeable method, in order to meet my unusual expenses, wishing to earn ten or twelve dollars by some honest and agreeable method, in order to meet my unusual expenses,
I planted about two acres and a half of light and sandy soil near it chiefly with beans, r
Revision note: A1: though I had a small patch of potatoes and corn, and a few turnips beside.
though I had a small patch of potatoes and corn, and a few turnips beside.
though I had a small patch of but also a small part with potatoes and a little corn, peas and a few turnips beside. but also a small part with potatoes, corn, peas, and turnips. but also a small part with potatoes, corn, peas, and turnips. but also a small part with potatoes, corn, peas, and turnips. but also a small part with potatoes, corn, peas, and turnips. but also a small part with potatoes, corn, peas, and turnips. but also a small part with potatoes, corn, peas, and turnips.
The whole lot contains eleven acres, mostly growing up to pines and hickories, and was sold the preceding season for eight dollars and eight cents an acre. One farmer said that that that that that that that it was “good for nothing but to raise cheeping squirrels on.” r
Revision note: A1: Upon this land I put no manure nor any quickener whatever,
Upon this land I put no manure nor any quickener whatever,
Upon this land I put no manure whatever on this land, I put no manure on this land, I put no manure on this land, I put no manure on this land, I put no manure on this land, I put no manure on this land, I put no manure on this land,
not being the owner, nor but merely a squatter and not but merely a squatter, and not but merely a squatter, and not but merely a squatter, and not but merely a squatter, and not but merely a squatter, and not but merely a squatter, and not but merely a squatter, and not expecting to cultivate so much again, and I and I and I and I and I and I and I and I did not quite hoe it all once. I know that you have no room for beans to grow in Salem but even you may like to know where they come from once. I know that you have no room for beans to grow in Portland but even you may like to know where they come from. once. once. once. once. once. once. I got out several cords of stumps in ploughing, which supplied me with fuel for a long time, and left small rings rings circles circles circles circles circles circles circles of virgin mould, easily distinguished distinguished distinguishable distinguishable distinguishable distinguishable distinguishable distinguishable distinguishable through the summer by the greater luxuriance of the beans there. The dead and for the most part unmerchantable wood behind my house, and the driftwood from the pond, The dead and for the most part unmerchantable wood behind my house, and the driftwood from the pond, The dead and for the most part unmerchantable wood behind my house, and the driftwood from the pond, The dead and for the most part unmerchantable wood behind my house, and the driftwood from the pond, The dead and for the most part unmerchantable wood behind my house, and the driftwood from the pond, The dead and for the most part unmerchantable wood behind my house, and the driftwood from the pond, The dead and for the most part unmerchantable wood behind my house, and the driftwood from the pond, The dead and for the most part unmerchantable wood behind my house, and the driftwood from the pond, have supplied had supplied supplied been have supplied have supplied have supplied have supplied have supplied have supplied the remainder of my fuel. the remainder of my fuel. the remainder of my fuel. the remainder of my fuel. the remainder of my fuel. the remainder of my fuel. the remainder of my fuel. the remainder of my fuel. I had to had was obliged to was obliged to was obliged to was obliged to was obliged to was obliged to was obliged to hire a team and a man for the ploughing, though I held the plough for the most part myself. for the most part myself. myself. myself. myself. myself. myself. myself. My farm outgoes for the first season for the first season for the first season for the first season for the first season for the first season for the first season were, for implements, seed, work, &c, $14 72½. for implements, seed, work, &c, $14 72½. for implements, seed, work, &c, $14 72½. for implements, seed, work, &c, $14 72½. 76b
Economy 76b written: C
C: Economy 76b was added to the manuscript on a leaf from B that had been taken into C.

(Ronald Clapper)
The seed corn was given me. This never costs any thing to speak of, unless you plant more than enough. 76c
Economy 76c written: A rewritten: B, E
A, B, & E: Bean-Field 13 follows Economy 76c.

(Ronald Clapper)
I got twelve bushels of beans, and eighteen bushels of potatoes, beside some peas and green green sweet sweet sweet sweet sweet sweet sweet corn. The yellow corn and turnips were too late to come to any thing. My whole income from the farm was as follows was was was was was was was 76d
Economy 76d written: A rewritten: C
A: the amount on hand much more than balancing … any farmer in Concord did that year does not appear in the manuscript.
C: A fair copy of Economy 76d was begun on a leaf from B that had been taken into C and was continued on a new leaf in C.

(Ronald Clapper)
net profit, not counting my labor 8.71½.
$23 44.
Deducting the outgoes, 14 72½
there are left, $ 8 71½,
$23 44.
Deducting the outgoes, 14 72½
there are left, $ 8 71½,
$23 44.
Deducting the outgoes, 14 72½
there are left, $ 8 71½,
$23 44.
Deducting the outgoes, 14 72½
there are left, $ 8 71½,
$23 44.
Deducting the outgoes, 14 72½
there are left, $ 8 71½,
$23 44.
Deducting the outgoes, 14 72½
there are left, $ 8 71½,
$23 44.
Deducting the outgoes, 14 72½
there are left, $ 8 71½,
beside produce consumed and on hand at the time this estimate was made to the amount of of the value of the value of the value of the value of the value of the value of the value of $4 50,— which added to the last, makes the whole profit 13.21½ And The produce on hand will much more balance the grass which I did not raise the amount on hand much more than balancing the grass which I did not raise. which added to the last, makes the whole profit 13.21½ And The produce on hand will much more balance the grass which I did not raise the amount on hand much more than balancing the grass which I did not raise. which added to the last, makes the whole profit 13.21½ And The produce on hand will much more balance the grass which I did not raise the amount on hand much more than balancing the grass which I did not raise. the amount on hand much more than balancing a little grass which I did not raise. the amount on hand much more than balancing a little grass which I did not raise. the amount on hand much more than balancing a little grass which I did not raise. the amount on hand much more than balancing a little grass which I did not raise. the amount on hand much more than balancing a little grass which I did not raise. All things considered, that is, considering the importance of a man’s soul and of to-day, notwithstanding the short time contemplated occupied contemplated occupied contemplated occupied occupied occupied occupied occupied occupied by my experiment, nay, partly even because of its transient character, I believe that that was doing better than any farmer in Concord did that year.
77
Economy 77 written: C

(Ronald Clapper)
The next year I did better still, for I spaded up all the land which I required, or about about about about about about a third of an acre, and I learned from the experience of both years, not being in the least detained awed awed awed awed awed awed by many celebrated works on husbandry, Arthur Young among the rest, Arthur Young among the rest, Arthur Young among the rest, Arthur Young among the rest, Arthur Young among the rest, that if one would live simply and eat only the crop which he raised, and raise no more than he ate, and not exchange it for an insufficient quantity of more luxurious and expensive things, he would need to cultivate only a few rods of ground, and that it would be cheaper to spade up that than to use oxen to plough it, and to select a fresh spot from time to time from time to time from time to time from time to time from time to time from time to time than to manure the old, and he could do all his necessary farm work as it were with his left hand at odd hours in the summer; and thus he would not be tied to a cow’s or pig’s or horse’s tail a cow or pig or horse, an ox, or horse, or cow, or pig, an ox, or horse, or cow, or pig, an ox, or horse, or cow, or pig, an ox, or horse, or cow, or pig, an ox, or horse, or cow, or pig, as at present. I desire to speak impartially on this point, and as one not interested in the success or failure of the present economical and social arrangements. I desire to speak impartially on this point, and as one not interested in the success or failure of the present economical and social arrangements. I desire to speak impartially on this point, and as one not interested in the success or failure of the present economical and social arrangements. I desire to speak impartially on this point, and as one not interested in the success or failure of the present economical and social arrangements. I desire to speak impartially on this point, and as one not interested in the success or failure of the present economical and social arrangements. I desire to speak impartially on this point, and as one not interested in the success or failure of the present economical and social arrangements. I was more independent than any farmer in Concord, for I was not anchored to a house or farm, but I could could could could could could follow the bent of my genius, which is a very crooked one, which is a very crooked one, which is a very crooked one, which is a very crooked one, which is a very crooked one, which is a very crooked one, every moment. Beside that I was being being being being being being better off than they already, if my house had been burned or my crops had failed, I should have been nearly as well off as before.
78a
Economy 78a written: C

(Ronald Clapper)
Perhaps Men I am wont to think that men I am wont to think that men I am wont to think that men I am wont to think that men I am wont to think that men are not so much the keepers of herds as herds are the keepers of men, the former are so much the freer. Men and oxen exchange work; but if we consider necessary work only, the oxen will be seen to have greatly the advantage, their farm is so much the largest. larger. larger. larger. larger. larger. Man does some of his part of the exchange work in his six weeks of haying, and it is no boy’s play. Man does some of his part of the exchange work in his six weeks of haying, and it is no boy’s play. Man does some of his part of the exchange work in his six weeks of haying, and it is no boy’s play. Man does some of his part of the exchange work in his six weeks of haying, and it is no boy’s play. Man does some of his part of the exchange work in his six weeks of haying, and it is no boy’s play. Certainly Certainly Certainly Certainly Certainly Certainly no nation that lived simply in all respects, in all respects, in all respects, in all respects, in all respects, in all respects, that is, no nation of philosophers, would commit so great a blunder as to use the labor of animals. 78b
Economy 78b written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
But True, True, True, True, True, there never was and is not likely soon to be a nation of philosophers, nor am I certain that certain certain certain certain it is desirable that there should be. However, I should never have broken a horse or bull or bull or bull or bull and taken him to board for any work he might do for me, for fear I should become a horse-man or a herds-man merely; for fear I should become a horse-man or a herds-man merely; for fear I should become a horse-man or a herds-man merely; for fear I should become a horse-man or a herds-man merely; and if society seems to be the gainer by so doing, are we certain that what is one man’s gain is not another’s loss, and that the stable-boy has equal cause to be satisfied with his master?to be satisfied? with his master to be satisfied? with his master to be satisfied? with his master to be satisfied? with his master to be satisfied? Granted that some public works could would would would would would not have been constructed without this aid, and let man share the glory of such with the ox and horse; does it follow that he could not have accomplished works yet more worthy of himself in that case without them? in that case? in that case? in that case? in that case? 78c
Economy 78c written: C rewritten: D

(Ronald Clapper)
When men begin to do, unnecessary & luxurious work with this aid, it is indispensable that a few should unnecessary & luxurious work with this aid, it is indispensable that a few should not merely unnecessary or artistic but luxurious & idle work with their assistance, it is inevitable that a few not merely unnecessary or artistic, but luxurious and idle work, with their assistance, it is inevitable that a few not merely unnecessary or artistic, but luxurious and idle work, with their assistance, it is inevitable that a few not merely unnecessary or artistic, but luxurious and idle work, with their assistance, it is inevitable that a few not merely unnecessary or artistic, but luxurious and idle work, with their assistance, it is inevitable that a few do all the exchange work with the oxen, or, in other words, become the slaves of the strongest. Man not only works for the animal within him, but, for a symbol of this kind of labor he works for the animal without him. Man thus not only works for the animal within him, but for a symbol of this he works for the animal without him.Absolutely speaking that is not a high civilization which permits only one artist to a hundred thousand artisans. Nor can he be an artist of a very high order who uses men as beasts. From a very common point of view, the so called great works of the world—the Pyramids & Parthenons—of which I think we have heard enough for the present—the St. Peters & St. Paulses—the Thames tunnels & the tubular bridges, the Roman roads & the American railroads affect me proportionally in their degree like those ancient Mexican Peruvian temples & roads—in which men were used like beasts. They all are barbaric and so far as I am concerned xxxx them all. Whither does a road lead that goes over a man at the commencement outset. Man thus not only works for the animal within him, but, for a symbol of this, he works for the animal without him. Man thus not only works for the animal within him, but, for a symbol of this, he works for the animal without him. Man thus not only works for the animal within him, but, for a symbol of this, he works for the animal without him. Man thus not only works for the animal within him, but, for a symbol of this, he works for the animal without him. 78d
Economy 78d written: G rewritten: G
G1 & G2: Though we have many … overshadows the house and This town is said to have … in its public buildings are transposed.

(Ronald Clapper)
r
Revision note: G1: Generally, indeed,
Though If we have many substantial houses of brick or stone,
Though we have many substantial houses of brick or stone,
the prosperity of the farmer is still measured by the degree to which the barn overshadows the house. Our barns are better ventilated, and generally commonly of a style of architecture superior to that of our houses. house. Concord This town is said to have the largest r
Revision note: G1: barns, or houses
barns houses
houses
for oxen cows and horses in Middlesex County, hereabouts, r
Revision note: G1:
we are it is not behindhand in its public buildings;
and it is not behindhand in its public buildings;
Yet but there are very few halls for free worship or free speech in this county. Very common is the love of oxen and horses, and gentlemen farmers are ambitious to raise calves rather than men county. 78e
Economy 78e written: D
D: As for the Pyramids … the hole which he made is interlined in pencil.

(Ronald Clapper)
It should not be by their architecture, but why not even by their power of abstract thought, that nations should seek to commemorate themselves? How much more admirable the Bhagvat-Geeta than all the ruins of the East! Towers and temples are the luxury of princes. A simple and independent mind does not toil at the bidding of any prince. Genius is not a retainer to any emperor, nor is its material silver, or gold, or marble, except to a trifling extent. to more than except to a trifling extent. except to a trifling extent. except to a trifling extent. except to a trifling extent. except to a trifling extent. To what end, pray, is so much stone hammered? In Arcadia, when I was there, I did not see any hammering stone. In Arcadia, when I was there, I did not see any hammering stone. In Arcadia, when I was there, I did not see any hammering stone. In Arcadia, when I was there, I did not see any hammering stone. In Arcadia, when I was there, I did not see any hammering stone. As if nations were formed Nations are possessed Nations are possessed Nations are possessed Nations are possessed with an insane ambition to perpetuate the memory of themselves by the amount of hammered stone they leave. What if equal pains were taken to smooth and polish their manners? One piece of good sense would be more memorable than a monument as high as the moon. I love better to see stones in place. The grandeur of Thebes was a vulgar grandeur. More sensible is a rod of stone wall that bounds an honest man’s field than a hundred-gated Thebes that has wandered farther from the true end of life. The religion and civilization which are barbaric and heathenish build splendid temples; but what you may might might might might might call Christianity does not. All Most of Most of Most of Most of Most of the stone a nation hammers goes toward its tomb only. It buries itself alive. As for the Pyramids, I see there is there is there is there is there is nothing to wonder at in them so much as the fact that so many men could be found degraded as enough enough enough enough enough to spend their lives constructing a tomb for some ambitious booby, whom it would have been wiser and manlier to have drowned in the Nile, and then given his body to the dogs. I might possibly invent some excuse for them and for him, him, him, him, him, but I have no time for it. As for the religion and love of art of the builders, it is much the same all the world over, whether the building be an Egyptian temple or the United States Bank. It costs more than it comes to. The mainspring is vanity, assisted by the love of garlic and bread and butter. Mr. Balcom, a promising young architect, designs it on the back of his Vitruvius, with hard pencil and ruler, and the job is let out to Dobson & Sons, stonecutters. When the thirty centuries begin to look down on it, mankind begin to look up at it. As for your high towers and monuments, there was a crazy fellow once in this town who undertook to dig through to China, and he got so far that, as he said, he heard the Chinese pots and kettles rattle; but I think that I shall not go out of my way to admire the hole which he made. Many are concerned about the monuments of the West and the East,—to know who built them. For my part, I should like to know who in those days did not build them,—who were above such trifling. Many are concerned about the monuments of the West and the East,—to know who built them. For my part, I should like to know who in those days did not build them,—who were above such trifling. Many are concerned about the monuments of the West and the East,—to know who built them. For my part, I should like to know who in those days did not build them,—who were above such trifling. Many are concerned about the monuments of the West and the East,—to know who built them. For my part, I should like to know who in those days did not build them,—who were above such trifling. 78f
Economy 78f written: C

(Ronald Clapper)
But to proceed with my statistics.
79
Economy 79 written: A rewritten: B, C, D
A: In food expenses, One watermelon and Salt are transposed. Present order interlined.
A & B: In food expenses, Pork is listed after Apples and before Dried apple. Present order interlined in pencil in B.
D: A fair copy was made of only By surveying, carpentry, and day-labor … on hand at the last date, was.

(Ronald Clapper)
By surveying, carpentry, and day-labor in the village in the village in the village of various kinds of various other kinds in the village of various other kinds of various other kinds in the village of various other kinds in the village of various other kinds in the village of various other kinds in the village in the mean while, for I have as many trades as fingers, for I have as many trades as fingers, for I have as many trades as fingers, for I have as many trades as fingers, I had earned $13 34. The expense of food for eight months, namely, excepting potatoes and a few peas which I had raised,—for 8 months, from July 4 to March 1 the time when this was written estimate was made, though I have lived there nearly more than 2 years—not counting excepting potatoes and a few little corn & peas which I had raised, for eight months, from July 4 to March 1, the time when all these estimates were made—though I have now lived there more than two years, not counting not counting potatoes, a little corn & some peas which I had raised, for eight months namely from July 4 to March 1, the time when these estimates were made, though I have now lived there more than two years, not counting potatoes, a little green corn & some peas which I had raised, nor considering from July 4th to March 1st, the time when these estimates were made, though I lived there more than two years,—not counting potatoes, a little green corn, and some peas, which I had raised, nor considering from July 4th to March 1st, the time when these estimates were made, though I lived there more than two years,—not counting potatoes, a little green corn, and some peas, which I had raised, nor considering from July 4th to March 1st, the time when these estimates were made, though I lived there more than two years,—not counting potatoes, a little green corn, and some peas, which I had raised, nor considering from July 4th to March 1st, the time when these estimates were made, though I lived there more than two years,—not counting potatoes, a little green corn, and some peas, which I had raised, nor considering from July 4th to March 1st, the time when these estimates were made, though I lived there more than two years,—not counting potatoes, a little green corn, and some peas, which I had raised, nor considering the value of what was on hand at the last date, wasAnd now we come to something which may offend readers of refined taste. But if I shall have the honor to attract any who abstain from the vulgar practices of eating drinking & sleeping, I warn them to skip this page not to look at that page of my journal which contains a complete list—such a list methinks as is nowhere described in history—of those articles of food which I consumed during that time date—was—and now I come to something which may offend n
Note: space left blank during original copying (R. Clapper)
persons of refined taste some tastes but if I n
Note: space left blank during original copying (R. Clapper)
have the honor to n
Note: space left blank during original copying (R. Clapper)
address any who abstain wholly from the vulgar practices of eating, drinking, and sleeping I warn them not to look at that page in my journal which contains an accurate list—such a list methinks as is nowhere in history—of the articles of food which I consumed during that time
date, was date, was date, was date, was date, was date, was
Rice, $1 73½
Molasses, 1 73 Cheapest form of the saccharine.
Rye meal, 1 04¾
Indian meal, 0 99¾ Cheaper than rye.
Pork, 0 22
Flour, 0 88 } Costs more than Indian meal, both money and trouble.*
Sugar, 0 80 *
Lard, 0 65 *
Apples, 0 25 *
Dried apple, 0 22 *
Sweet potatoes, 0 10 *
One pumpkin, 0 6 *
One watermelon 0 2 *
Salt, 0 3 *All experiments which failed.
80a
Economy 80a written: A rewritten: B, C, D

(Ronald Clapper)
Yes, I did eat $8 74, all told; 80b
Economy 80b written: C
C: Economy 80b is interlined.

(Ronald Clapper)
but but but but but but I should not thus unblushingly publish my guilt, if I did not know that most of my readers were had not reason to suppose that many others did not know that most of my readers are did not know that most of my readers were did not know that most of my readers were did not know that most of my readers were did not know that most of my readers were did not know that most of my readers were equally guilty with myself, and that their deeds would look no better in print. 80c
Economy 80c written: A rewritten: C
A: Economy 80c is interlined in pencil.

(Ronald Clapper)
The next year I sometimes caught a mess of fish for my dinner, and once I went so far as to slaughter even slaughtered went so far as to slaughter went so far as to slaughter went so far as to slaughter went so far as to slaughter went so far as to slaughter went so far as to slaughter went so far as to slaughter went so far as to slaughter a woodchuck which ravaged my bean-field,— effect his transmigration, as a Tartar would say, effect his transmigration, as a Tartar would say, effect his transmigration, as a Tartar would say, effect his transmigration, as a Tartar would say, effect his transmigration, as a Tartar would say, —and devour him, partly partly partly partly partly partly for experiment’s sake; but though it afforded me a momentary enjoyment, but though it afforded me a momentary enjoyment, but though it afforded me a momentary enjoyment, but though it afforded me a momentary enjoyment, but though it afforded me a momentary enjoyment, but though it afforded me a momentary enjoyment, but though it afforded me a momentary enjoyment, notwithstanding a musky flavor, it being an old one notwithstanding a musky flavor, notwithstanding a musky flavor, notwithstanding a musky flavor, notwithstanding a musky flavor, notwithstanding a musky flavor, I saw that the longest use would not make that a good practice, however it might seem to have your woodchucks ready dressed by the village butcher. however it might seem to have your woodchucks ready dressed by the village butcher. however it might seem to have your woodchucks ready dressed by the village butcher. however it might seem to have your woodchucks ready dressed by the village butcher. however it might seem to have your woodchucks ready dressed by the village butcher. however it might seem to have your woodchucks ready dressed by the village butcher. however it might seem to have your woodchucks ready dressed by the village butcher.
81
Economy 81 written: A rewritten: B, C
B: A fair copy was made of only Clothing and some incidental expenses … in all, $36 78.

(Ronald Clapper)
Clothing and some incidental expenses within the same dates, though little can be inferred from this item, though little can be inferred from this item, though little can be inferred from this item, though little can be inferred from this item, though little can be inferred from this item, though little can be inferred from this item, though little can be inferred from this item, amounted to
$8 40¾
Oil and some household utensils, 2 00
So that the whole all the all the all the all the all the all the all the pecuniary outgoes, excepting for washing and mending, which for the most part, as we say, part, as we say, part, as we say, part part part part part were done out of the house, and their bills have not yet yet yet yet yet yet yet yet been received,— for & these are all the ways by which money necessarily goes out in this part of the world, and these are all and more than all the ways by which money necessarily goes out in this part of the world, and these are all and more than all the ways by which money necessarily goes out in this part of the world, and these are all and more than all the ways by which money necessarily goes out in this part of the world, and these are all and more than all the ways by which money necessarily goes out in this part of the world, and these are all and more than all the ways by which money necessarily goes out in this part of the world,
House, $28 12½
Farm one year, one year, one year, one year, one year, one year, one year, 14 17½
Food eight months, eight months, eight months, eight months, eight months, eight months, eight months, 8 74
Clothing, &c., eight months, eight months, eight months, eight months, eight months, eight months, eight months, 8 40¾
Oil, &c., eight months 2 00
In all, $ 60.99¾ 60.99¾ 60.99¾ 61 99¾ 61 99¾ 61 99¾ 61 99¾ 61 99¾ 61 99¾
I am thus particular because possibly some of my hearers may have a living to get. I am thus particular because, possibly, some probably many of myn
Note: space left blank during original copying (R. Clapper)
readers may have a living to get
I am thus particular because the greater part no doubt many of my readers hearers have a living to get. I speak address myself now to those of my readers only who have their livings to get I address myself now to those of my readers who have a living to get. I address myself now to those of my readers who have a living to get. I address myself now to those of my readers who have a living to get. I address myself now to those of my readers who have a living to get. I address myself now to those of my readers who have a living to get.
And to meet this I have for farm produce sold
$ sold 23.44 on hand 4.50 27.94 27.94 27.94 23 44 23 44 23 44 23 44 23 44 23 44
Earned by day-labor, 13 34
In all, $ 41.28 41.28 41.28 36.78 36 78 36 78 36 78 36 78 36 78
which subtracted from the sum of the outgoes leaves a balance of $25 21¾ 19.71¾ 19.71¾ 20.71¾ 25.21¾ 25 21 ¾, 25 21 ¾, 25 21 ¾, 25 21 ¾, 25 21 ¾, on the one side,— and on the other, beside the leisure & independence & health thus secured, a comfortable house for me as long as I choose to occupy it,—the 19.71¾ cents being the exact capital means with which I started and measure of expenses to be incurred. and on the other, beside the leisure & independence & health thus secured, a comfortable house for me as long as I choose to occupy it,—the 19.71¾ cents being the exact capital means with which I started and measure of expenses to be incurred. and on the other, beside the leisure & independence & health thus secured, a comfortable house for me as long as I choose to occupy it.—The 20.71¾ cents being the exact this being very nearly the means with which I started, and the measure of expenses to be incurred and on the other, beside the leisure & independence & health thus secured, a comfortable house for me as long as I choose to occupy it. this being very nearly the means with which I started, and the measure of expenses to be incurred,—and on the other, beside the leisure and independence and health thus secured, a comfortable house for me as long as I choose to occupy it. this being very nearly the means with which I started, and the measure of expenses to be incurred,—and on the other, beside the leisure and independence and health thus secured, a comfortable house for me as long as I choose to occupy it. this being very nearly the means with which I started, and the measure of expenses to be incurred,—and on the other, beside the leisure and independence and health thus secured, a comfortable house for me as long as I choose to occupy it. this being very nearly the means with which I started, and the measure of expenses to be incurred,—and on the other, beside the leisure and independence and health thus secured, a comfortable house for me as long as I choose to occupy it. this being very nearly the means with which I started, and the measure of expenses to be incurred,—and on the other, beside the leisure and independence and health thus secured, a comfortable house for me as long as I choose to occupy it.
82
Economy 82 written: A rewritten: C, E
A & C: These statistics … rendered some account does not appear in the manuscript in A or in the original copying of C but is interlined in pencil in C.
E: A fair copy was made of only detriment to my domestic arrangements … statement like this.

(Ronald Clapper)
These I am confident that these These I am confident that these These I am confident that these These These These These These statistics, however accidental and therefore uninstructive they may appear, as they have a certain completeness, have a certain value also. Nothing was given me of which I have not rendered some an some some an some some an some some some some some some account. It appears from the above estimate, that my food alone cost me in money in money in money in money in money in money about twenty-seven cents a week. It consists at present of, consists at present of, was, after the experiments which I have mentioned—or for the last nearly two years was, for nearly two years after this, was, for nearly two years after this, was, for nearly two years after this, was, for nearly two years after this, was, for nearly two years after this, rye and Indian meal without yeast, potatoes, rice, a very little salt pork, molasses, and salt, and my drink water. It was fit that I should live on rice, mainly, who loved so well the philosophy of India. To meet the objections of some inveterate cavillers, I may as well state, that if I dined out occasionally, as I always had done, and I trust shall have opportunities to do again, it was frequently to the detriment of my domestic arrangements. But the dining out, being, as I have stated, a constant element, does not in the least affect a comparative statement like this. Some inveterate cavillers have loved to suggest that I took half my meals at my father’s house & elsewhere, but I solemnly here affirm that I did not dine out oftener than any tolerably social but equally domestic man might be expected to & when I did it was frequently to the detriment of my domestic arrangements. It was fit that I should live on rice, mainly, who loved so well the philosophy of India. To meet the objections of some inveterate cavillers, I may as well state, that if I dined out occasionally, as I always had done, and I trust shall have opportunities to do again, it was frequently to the detriment of my domestic arrangements. But the dining out, being, as I have stated, a constant element, does not in the least affect a comparative statement like this. Some inveterate cavillers have loved to suggest that I took half my meals at my father’s house & elsewhere, but I solemnly here affirm that I did not dine out oftener than any tolerably social but equally domestic man might be expected to & when I did it was frequently to the detriment of my domestic arrangements. Some inveterate cavillers have loved to suggest that I took half my meals at my father’s house & elsewhere, but I here affirm that I did not dine out oftener than any tolerably social but equally domestic man might be expected to, and when I did it was frequently to the detriment of my domestic arrangements To meet the objections of some inveterate cavillers I may as well state that if I dined out occasionally as I always had done, and I trust shall have opportunities to do again, it was frequently to the detriment of my domestic arrangements. But the dining out being as I have stated a constant element does not in the least affect a comparative statement like this. It was fit that I should live on rice, mainly, who loved so well the philosophy of India. To meet the objections of some inveterate cavillers, I may as well state, that if I dined out occasionally, as I always had done, and I trust shall have opportunities to do again, it was frequently to the detriment of my domestic arrangements. But the dining out, being, as I have stated, a constant element, does not in the least affect a comparative statement like this. It was fit that I should live on rice, mainly, who loved so well the philosophy of India. To meet the objections of some inveterate cavillers, I may as well state, that if I dined out occasionally, as I always had done, and I trust shall have opportunities to do again, it was frequently to the detriment of my domestic arrangements. But the dining out, being, as I have stated, a constant element, does not in the least affect a comparative statement like this. It was fit that I should live on rice, mainly, who loved so well the philosophy of India. To meet the objections of some inveterate cavillers, I may as well state, that if I dined out occasionally, as I always had done, and I trust shall have opportunities to do again, it was frequently to the detriment of my domestic arrangements. But the dining out, being, as I have stated, a constant element, does not in the least affect a comparative statement like this. It was fit that I should live on rice, mainly, who loved so well the philosophy of India. To meet the objections of some inveterate cavillers, I may as well state, that if I dined out occasionally, as I always had done, and I trust shall have opportunities to do again, it was frequently to the detriment of my domestic arrangements. But the dining out, being, as I have stated, a constant element, does not in the least affect a comparative statement like this. It was fit that I should live on rice, mainly, who loved so well the philosophy of India. To meet the objections of some inveterate cavillers, I may as well state, that if I dined out occasionally, as I always had done, and I trust shall have opportunities to do again, it was frequently to the detriment of my domestic arrangements. But the dining out, being, as I have stated, a constant element, does not in the least affect a comparative statement like this.
83a
Economy 83a written: B rewritten: C, E

(Ronald Clapper)
From my experiment during two years I discovered that it will cost man I learned from my two years’ experience that it would cost I learned from my two years’ experience that it would cost I learned from my two years’ experience that it would cost I learned from my two years’ experience that it would cost I learned from my two years’ experience that it would cost I learned from my two years’ experience that it would cost incredibly little trouble to obtain one’s necessary food, even in this zone. I am satisfied latitude; latitude; latitude; latitude; latitude; latitude; that a man may use as simple a diet as the animals, and yet retain his health his health health health health health health and strength. He does not require a variety of food more. strength. strength. strength. strength. strength. strength. 83b
Economy 83b written: E
E: Economy 83b is interlined.

(Ronald Clapper)
I have made a satisfactory dinner, satisfactory on several accounts, simply off a large dish dish dish dish of purslane ( Portulaca oleracea ) which I gathered in my cornfield, boiled and salted. I give the Latin on account of the savoriness of the trivial name. And pray what more can a reasonable man desire, in peaceful times, in ordinary noons, than a sufficient number of ears of green sweet-corn boiled, with the addition of salt? 83c
Economy 83c written: B rewritten: C, E
B: Economy 83c is interlined in pencil.

(Ronald Clapper)
Even the very little little little little little little little variety which I used was a yielding to the demands of appetite, and not of health. But so blind in respecting our true wants and difficulties that men Yet we men have come to such a pass that men they Yet men have come to such a pass that they Yet men have come to such a pass that they Yet men have come to such a pass that they Yet men have come to such a pass that they Yet men have come to such a pass that they frequently starve, not for want of necessaries, but for want of luxuries; 83d
Economy 83d written: A rewritten: B, C
A: Economy 83d is interlined.
A & B: Economy 83d follows Economy 11.

(Ronald Clapper)
I know a robust and hardy mother who thinks that her son who died abroad came to his end by living too low, as she has since learned that he drank only water. I heard of a very poor family in Concord this winter which would have starved if it had not been for potatoes—and tea and coffee. I know a robust and hardy mother who thinks that her son who died abroad came to his end by living too low, as she has since learned that he drank only water. I heard of a very poor family in Concord this winter which would have starved if it had not been for potatoes—and tea and coffee. I know a robust mother who thinks told me that she thought that her son who died abroad came to his end by living too low, as since she has heard that he drank only for a long time his only drink was water. and I know a good woman who thinks that her son lost his life because he took to drinking water only. and I know a good woman who thinks that her son lost his life because he took to drinking water only. and I know a good woman who thinks that her son lost his life because he took to drinking water only. and I know a good woman who thinks that her son lost his life because he took to drinking water only. and I know a good woman who thinks that her son lost his life because he took to drinking water only.
84
Economy 84 written: E

(Ronald Clapper)
The reader will perceive that I am treating the subject rather from an economic than a dietetic point of view, and he will not venture to put my abstemiousness to the test unless he has a well-stocked larder.
85a
Economy 85a written: A rewritten: B, C, E

(Ronald Clapper)
Bread I at first made of pure Indian meal and salt, genuine hoe-cakes, which I baked before my fire out of doors upon on on on on on on on a shingle or the end of a stick of timber sawed off in building my house; but it was apt wont wont wont wont wont wont wont wont to get smoked and to have a piny flavor. I tried flour also; but have at last found a mixture of rye and Indian meal most convenient and agreeable. In cold weather it was no small little little little little little little little amusement to bake several small loaves of this in succession, tending and turning them as carefully as an Egyptian his hatching eggs. They had to my senses a fragrance like manna—a real cereal fruit which I ripened It was They were a real cereal fruit which I ripened & They had to my senses a fragrance like the fruits They had to my senses a fragrance like manna—a real cereal fruit which I ripened It was They were a real cereal fruit which I ripened & They had to my senses a fragrance like the fruits They had to my senses a fragrance like manna—a real cereal fruit which I ripened It was They were a real cereal fruit which I ripened & They had to my senses a fragrance like the fruits They had to my senses a fragrance like manna—a real cereal fruit which I ripened It was They were a real cereal fruit which I ripened & They had to my senses a fragrance like the fruits They were a real cereal fruit which I ripened, and they had to my senses a fragrance like the that of other noble fruits They were a real cereal fruit which I ripened, and they had to my senses a fragrance like that of other noble fruits, They were a real cereal fruit which I ripened, and they had to my senses a fragrance like that of other noble fruits, They were a real cereal fruit which I ripened, and they had to my senses a fragrance like that of other noble fruits, which I kept in as long as possible by wrapping them in cloths. I made a study of the various processes of this indispensable and ancient the indispensable & ancient the ancient & indispensable the ancient and indispensable the ancient and indispensable the ancient and indispensable the ancient and indispensable the ancient and indispensable the ancient and indispensable the ancient and indispensable art of bread-making, consulting such authorities as offered, going back to the primitive days and first invention of the unleavened kind, when from the wildness of nuts and meats men first reached the innocence mildness and refinement as well as innocence of this diet, and coming reading gradually down mildness and refinement of this diet, and travelling gradually down in my studies mildness and refinement of this diet, and travelling gradually down in my studies mildness and refinement of this diet, and travelling gradually down in my studies mildness and refinement of this diet, and travelling gradually down in my studies mildness and refinement of this diet, and travelling gradually down in my studies mildness and refinement of this diet, and travelling gradually down in my studies mildness and refinement of this diet, and travelling gradually down in my studies through that accidental souring of the dough which, it is supposed, it is supposed, it is supposed, it is supposed, it is supposed, it is supposed, it is supposed, it is supposed, taught the leavening process, and through through through through through through through the various fermentations thereafter, till you come I came I came I came I came I came I came I came I came to “good, sweet, wholesome bread,” the staff of life. Leaven, which some deem the soul of bread, the spiritus which fills its cellular tissue, which is religiously preserved like the vestal fire, —some precious bottle-full, I presume suppose suppose, suppose, suppose, suppose, suppose, suppose, suppose, first brought over in the Mayflower, did the business for America, and its influence is still rising, swelling, spreading, in cerealian billows over the land,—this seed I regularly and faithfully procured from the village, till at length one morning I forgot the rules, and scalded my yeast; by which accident I discovered that even this was not indispensable,—for my discoveries were not by the synthetic but analytic process,—and I have gladly omitted it since, though most housewives earnestly assured me that safe and wholesome bread without yeast might not be, and elderly people prophesied a speedy period to decay of the vital functions forces. decay of the vital forces. decay of the vital forces. decay of the vital forces. decay of the vital forces. decay of the vital forces. decay of the vital forces. decay of the vital forces. Yet I find it not to be an essential ingredient, and after going without it for a year am still in the land of the living; and I am glad to escape the trivialness of carrying a bottle-full in my pocket, which would sometimes pop and discharge its contents to my discomfiture. It is simpler and more respectable to omit it. Man is an animal that who that who who who who who who who more than any other can adapt himself to all climates and circumstances. Neither did I put any sal soda, or acid or alkali into my bread. Neither did I put any sal soda, or acid or alkali into my bread. Neither did I put any sal soda, or acid or alkali into my bread. Neither did I put any sal soda, or acid or alkali into my bread. Neither did I put any sal soda, or acid or alkali into my bread. Neither did I put any sal soda, or acid or alkali into my bread. 85b
Economy 85b written: G

(Ronald Clapper)
It would seem that I made bread it it according to the recipe which Marcus Porcius Cato has given gave about two centuries before Christ. Marcus Porcius Cato gave about two centuries before Christ. “Panem depsticium sic facito. Manus mortariumque bene lavato. Farinam in mortarium indito, aquæ paulatim addito, subigitoque pulchre. Ubi bene subegeris, defingito, coquitoque sub testu.” Which I take to mean Which I take to mean —“Make kneaded bread thus. Wash your hands and trough well. Put the meal into the trough, add water little by little gradually, gradually, and knead it thoroughly. When you have kneaded it well, mould it, and bake it under a cover,” that is, in a baking-kettle. Not a word about leaven. But I did not always use this staff of life. At one time, owing to the emptiness of my purse, I saw none of it for more than a month.
86a
Economy 86a written: A rewritten: B, C

(Ronald Clapper)
Every New Englander might easily raise all his own own own own own own own own breadstuffs in this land of rye and Indian corn, and not depend upon upon on on on on on on on distant and fluctuating markets for them. Yet so far are we from simplicity and independence that, in this village, n
Note: space left blank during original copying (R. Clapper)
Concord,
Concord, Concord, Concord, Concord, Concord, Concord,
fresh and sweet meal is rarely sold in the shops even, shops even, shops, shops, shops, shops, shops, shops, and hominy and corn in a still coarser form are hardly used by any. For the most part For the most part For the most part For the most part For the most part For the most part For the most part For the most part the farmer gives to his cattle and hogs the grain of his own producing, and buys flour, which is at least no more wholesome, at a greater cost, at the store. 86b
Economy 86b written: C
C: and while these were growing … parsnips and walnut-tree chips is interlined in pencil.

(Ronald Clapper)
I saw that I could easily raise my bushel or two of rye and Indian corn, for the former will grow on the poorest land, and the latter does not require the best, and grind them in a hand-mill, and so dispense with do without do without do without do without do without do without rice and pork; and if I must have molasses some concentrated sweet, some concentrated sweet, some concentrated sweet, some concentrated sweet, some concentrated sweet, some concentrated sweet, I found by experiment that I could make a very good molasses either of pumpkins or of beets, beets, beets, beets, beets, beets, and I knew that I only needed only needed only needed only needed only needed only needed only to set out a few maple trees sugar maples maples maples maples maples maples to obtain it more easily still, and while these were growing I contrived could use could use could use could use could use various substitutes while I was waiting for the last to grow the white maple, acer dasycarpum, & the walnut which are abundant in Concord would furnish as good a syrup, if not in as great a quantity besides those which I have named. beside those which I have named. beside those which I have named. beside those which I have named. beside those which I have named. beside those which I have named. “For,” as the Forefathers sang,—
 
“we can make liquor to sweeten our lips
 
Of pumpkins and parsnips and walnut-tree chips.”
86c
Economy 86c written: A rewritten: B, C
A: Economy 86c is interlined.
A & B: Economy 86c follows Economy 16.

(Ronald Clapper)
Salt is perhaps the most important article in such a list and most commonly bought at the shops stores. Shops They did not at all first exist to furnish tea and coffee carriers. I see how living in Concord I could supply myself with every other article which I think that I need without using the stores at all, and By the way I would observe that Salt is perhaps the most important article to a countryman in such a list as I have referred to, and the most commonly bought at the stores. Stores did not at all first exist to furnish tea and coffee. I see how living in Concord I could supply myself with every other article which I think that I need without using the stores at all, and Finally, as for salt, that grossest of groceries, Finally, as for salt, that grossest of groceries, Finally, as for salt, that grossest of groceries, Finally, as for salt, that grossest of groceries, Finally, as for salt, that grossest of groceries, Finally, as for salt, that grossest of groceries, to obtain this might be a fit occasion for a visit to the seashore, Yet strictly speaking even salt cannot be called a necessary of human life, since many tribes do not use it. Yet strictly speaking even salt cannot be called a necessary of human life, since many tribes do not use it. or if I dispensed with did without it altogether, I should probably drink the less water. I cannot do not learn that the Indians ever troubled themselves to go after it. or, if I did without it altogether, I should probably drink the less water. I do not learn that the Indians ever troubled themselves to go after it. or, if I did without it altogether, I should probably drink the less water. I do not learn that the Indians ever troubled themselves to go after it. or, if I did without it altogether, I should probably drink the less water. I do not learn that the Indians ever troubled themselves to go after it. or, if I did without it altogether, I should probably drink the less water. I do not learn that the Indians ever troubled themselves to go after it. or, if I did without it altogether, I should probably drink the less water. I do not learn that the Indians ever troubled themselves to go after it.
87
Economy 87 written: D
D: Economy 87 is interlined.

(Ronald Clapper)
Thus I could avoid all trade and barter, so far as my food was concerned, and having a shelter already, it would only remain to get clothing and fuel. The pantaloons which I now wear were made woven woven woven woven in a farmer’s family,— thank Heaven there is so much virtue still in man; for I think the fall from the farmer to the operative as great and memorable as that from the man to the farmer; thank Heaven there is so much virtue still in man; for I think the fall from the farmer to the operative as great and memorable as that from the man to the farmer; thank Heaven there is so much virtue still in man; for I think the fall from the farmer to the operative as great and memorable as that from the man to the farmer; thank Heaven there is so much virtue still in man; for I think the fall from the farmer to the operative as great and memorable as that from the man to the farmer; —and in a new country fuel is regarded as is is is is an encumbrance. As for a habitat, if I were not permitted still to squat, I might purchase one acre at the same price for which the land I cultivated was sold —namely, eight dollars and eight cents. But as it was, I considered that I enhanced the value of the land by squatting on it. As for a habitat, if I were not permitted still to squat, I might purchase one acre at the same price for which the land I cultivated was sold —namely, eight dollars and eight cents. But as it was, I considered that I enhanced the value of the land by squatting on it. As for a habitat, if I were not permitted still to squat, I might purchase one acre at the same price for which the land I cultivated was sold —namely, eight dollars and eight cents. But as it was, I considered that I enhanced the value of the land by squatting on it. As for a habitat, if I were not permitted still to squat, I might purchase one acre at the same price for which the land I cultivated was sold —namely, eight dollars and eight cents. But as it was, I considered that I enhanced the value of the land by squatting on it.
88
Economy 88 written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
There is a certain class of unbelievers who sometimes ask me such questions as, if I think that I can live on vegetable food alone; and to strike at the root of the matter at once,—for the root is faith,—I am accustomed to answer such, that I can live on board nails. If they cannot understand that, they cannot understand much that I have to say. For my own my my my my part, I am glad to hear of experiments of this kind being tried; as that a young man tried for a fortnight to see if he could live to live to live to live to live on hard, raw corn on the ear, using his tooth teeth teeth teeth teeth teeth for all mortar. The squirrel tribe tried the same and succeeded. The human race is interested in these experiments, (as well as others) though a few old women may be alarmed who own their thirds in mills may be alarmed. though a few old women who are incapacitated for them, or who own their thirds in mills, may be alarmed. though a few old women who are incapacitated for them, or who own their thirds in mills, may be alarmed. though a few old women who are incapacitated for them, or who own their thirds in mills, may be alarmed. though a few old women who are incapacitated for them, or who own their thirds in mills, may be alarmed.
89
Economy 89 written: D
D: The following was added at the bottom of the leaf containing Economy 89.I saw the other day on the skirts of the village a family which for three months had no bed but a wisp of straw on a board and two Irish sheets no furniture to their house but two plates 2 bowls, 2 pewter spoons, and a knife without a handle—for I took careful inventory no house but a shanty. The husband father goes three miles to his work, and carries nothing but a piece of bread for his dinner. They have There were two children who sit sat out of doors on the ground in fair weather—They were quite at & enjoy perfect leisure. And the greater part of what he earns is sent to Ireland to forward his remaining children to this land of plenty. They sit with the door open in mid winter—& yet feel but their share of cold. It was a cheering sight. In the meanwhile Mrs n
Note: space left blank (R. Clapper)
president of the charitable society has caught her death through a crack in her door—& Mrs Farewell is pining


(Ronald Clapper)
n
Note: The following precedes Economy 92: –dren who sat out of door on the ground in fair weather and enjoyed perfect leisure. They sat with the door open in mid winter & yet felt but their share of cold. The father went three miles to his work, and carried nothing but a piece of bread for his dinner; and the great part of what he earns is sent to Ireland to forward his remaining children to this land of plenty. In the meanwhile Mrs n
Note: space left blank during original copying (R. Clapper)
O.D.R. president of the charitable society has caught her death through a crack in her door, and Mrs Farewell is pining away like a fly caught in a preserve pot and calls her disease sciatica. (R. Clapper)
My furniture, part of which I made myself, and the rest cost me nothing of which I have not rendered an account, and the rest cost me nothing of which I have not rendered an account, and the rest cost me nothing of which I have not rendered an account, and the rest cost me nothing of which I have not rendered an account, and the rest cost me nothing of which I have not rendered an account, consisted of a bed, a table, a desk, three chairs, a looking-glass three inches in diameter, a pair of tongs and andirons, a kettle, a skillet, and a frying-pan, a dipper, a wash-bowl, two knives and forks, three plates, one cup, one spoon, a jug for oil, a jug for molasses, and a japanned japanned japanned japanned japanned lamp. None are is is is is is so poor that they he he he he he need sit on a pumpkin. That is shiftlessness. There were are is a is a is a is a plenty of such chairs as I liked like like like like like best in the village garrets to be had for the taking taking taking taking taking them away. Furniture! Thank God, I can sit and I can stand without the aid of a furniture warehouse. What man but a philosopher would not be ashamed to see his furniture packed in a cart and going up country exposed to the light of heaven and the eyes of men, a beggarly account of empty boxes? That is Spaulding’s furniture. That is Spaulding’s furniture. That is Spaulding’s furniture. That is Spaulding’s furniture. That is Spaulding’s furniture. I could never tell from inspecting such a load of furniture such a load such a load such a load such a load whether it belonged to a so called rich man or a poor one; the owners owner always seemed equally poverty-stricken. owner always seemed poverty-stricken. owner always seemed poverty-stricken. owner always seemed poverty-stricken. owner always seemed poverty-stricken. Indeed, the more you have of such things the poorer you are. Indeed, the more you have of such things the poorer you are. Indeed, the more you have of such things the poorer you are. Indeed, the more you have of such things the poorer you are. Indeed, the more you have of such things the poorer you are. Each load looks as if it contained the contents of a hundred dozen dozen dozen dozen dozen shanties; and if one shanty is poor, this is a dozen times as poor. Pray, for what do we move ever but to get rid of our furniture, our exuviæ ; at last to go from this world to another newly furnished, and leave this to be burned? It is the same as if all these traps were buckled to a man’s belt, and he could not move over the rough country where our lines are cast without dragging them,—dragging his trap. He was a lucky fox that left his tail in the trap. The muskrat will gnaw his third leg off to be free. No wonder man has lost his elasticity. How often he is at a dead set! “Sir, if I may be so bold, what do you mean by a dead set?” If you are a seer, whenever you meet a man you will see all that he owns, ay, and much that he pretends to disown, ay, and much that he pretends to disown, ay, and much that he pretends to disown, ay, and much that he pretends to disown, ay, and much that he pretends to disown, behind him, even to his kitchen furniture and all the trumpery which he saves and will not burn, and he will appear to be harnessed to it and making what headway he can. I think that the man is at a dead set who has got through a knot hole or gateway where his sledge load of circumstances furniture furniture furniture furniture furniture cannot follow him. I cannot but feel compassion when I hear some trig, compact-looking man, seemingly free, all girded and ready, speak of his “furniture,” as whether it is insured or not. or but "But "But "But "But what shall I do with my furniture?” My gay butterfly is entangled in a spider’s web then. Even those who seem for a long while not to have any at first sight, to have any, to have any, to have any, to have any, if you inquire more narrowly you will find that they have have have have have some stored in somebody’s barn. I look upon England to-day as an old gentleman who is travelling with a great deal of baggage, trumpery which has accumulated from long housekeeping, which he has not the courage to burn; great trunk, little trunk, bandbox, and bundle. Throw away the first three at least. It would surpass the powers of a well man nowadays to take up his bed and walk, and I should certainly advise a sick one to lay down his bed and run. When I look upon England to-day as an old gentleman who is travelling with a great deal of baggage, trumpery which has accumulated from long housekeeping, which he has not the courage to burn; great trunk, little trunk, bandbox, and bundle. Throw away the first three at least. It would surpass the powers of a well man nowadays to take up his bed and walk, and I should certainly advise a sick one to lay down his bed and run. When I look upon England to-day as an old gentleman who is travelling with a great deal of baggage, trumpery which has accumulated from long housekeeping, which he has not the courage to burn; great trunk, little trunk, bandbox, and bundle. Throw away the first three at least. It would surpass the powers of a well man nowadays to take up his bed and walk, and I should certainly advise a sick one to lay down his bed and run. When I look upon England to-day as an old gentleman who is travelling with a great deal of baggage, trumpery which has accumulated from long housekeeping, which he has not the courage to burn; great trunk, little trunk, bandbox, and bundle. Throw away the first three at least. It would surpass the powers of a well man nowadays to take up his bed and walk, and I should certainly advise a sick one to lay down his bed and run. When I look upon England to-day as an old gentleman who is travelling with a great deal of baggage, trumpery which has accumulated from long housekeeping, which he has not the courage to burn; great trunk, little trunk, bandbox, and bundle. Throw away the first three at least. It would surpass the powers of a well man nowadays to take up his bed and walk, and I should certainly advise a sick one to lay down his bed and run. When I have met an immigrant tottering under a bundle which contained his all,— and looking like an enormous wen which had grown out of the nape of his neck I looking like an enormous wen which had grown out of the nape of his neck,— I looking like an enormous wen which had grown out of the nape of his neck,— I looking like an enormous wen which had grown out of the nape of his neck,— I looking like an enormous wen which had grown out of the nape of his neck,— I have pitied him, certainly not not not not not because that was his all, but because he had all that to carry. If I have got to drag my trap, I will take care that it be a light one and do not nip me in a vital part. But perchance it would be wisest never to put one’s paw into it.
90
Economy 90 written: A rewritten: G
A: Economy 90 was interlined between Village 1a and 1b.

(Ronald Clapper)
I would here observe, in a parenthesis, I would here observe, in a parenthesis, I would here observe, in a parenthesis, I would here observe, in a parenthesis, I would here observe, in a parenthesis, I would here observe, in a parenthesis, By the way, I would observe, by the way, I would observe, by the way, that it costs me nothing for curtains, for I have no gazers to shut out but the sun and moon, and I am willing that that that that that that that that they should look in. The moon will not sour milk or or or or or or or nor taint meat of mine, nor will the sun injure my furniture or fade my carpet; and if he is sometimes too warm a friend, I find it still better economy to retreat behind some curtain which nature has provided, than to add a single item to the details of housekeeping. A lady once offered me a mat, but as I had no room to spare within the house, nor time to spare within or without to shake it, I declined it, preferring to wipe my feet on the sod before my door. A lady once offered me a mat, but as I had no room to spare within the house, nor time to spare within or without to shake it, I declined it, preferring to wipe my feet on the sod before my door. A lady once offered me a mat, but as I had no room to spare within the house, nor time to spare within or without to shake it, I declined it, preferring to wipe my feet on the sod before my door. A lady once offered me a mat, but as I had no room to spare within the house, nor time to spare within or without to shake it, I declined it, preferring to wipe my feet on the sod before my door. A lady once offered me a mat, but as I had no room to spare within the house, nor time to spare within or without to shake it, I declined it, preferring to wipe my feet on the sod before my door. A lady once offered me a mat, but as I had no room to spare within the house, nor time to spare within or without to shake it, I declined it, preferring to wipe my feet on the sod before my door. A lady once offered me a mat, but as I had no room to spare within the house, nor time to spare within or without to shake it, I declined it, preferring to wipe my feet on the sod before my door. A lady once offered me a mat, but as I had no room to spare within the house, nor time to spare within or without to shake it, I declined it, preferring to wipe my feet on the sod before my door. It is best to avoid the beginnings of evil.
91
Economy 91 written: G rewritten: G
G: Economy 91 is interlined in the ink of G on a leaf in E. A fair copy was made of only Not long since … men do lives after them on a leaf in G.

(Ronald Clapper)
And Only the other day I was present at attended was present at Not long since I was present at the auction of a deacon’s effects, for his life had not been ineffectual: for his life had not been ineffectual:
 
“The evil that men do lives after r
Revision note: G1: them. The good is oft interred with their bones.
them; the good is oft interred with their bones.
them."
As usual, a great proportion was rubbish or trumpery trumpery which had begun to accumulate in his father’s day. Among the rest was a dried tapeworm. And now, after lying half a century in his garret and other dust holes, these things were not burned; but There was no Instead of a bonfire or purifying destruction of them but there was an auction or increasing of them. instead of a bonfire, or purifying destruction of them, there was an auction, or increasing of them. The neighbors eagerly collected to view them, bought them all, and carefully trans ported them to their garrets and dust holes, to lie there till their estates are settled, when they will start again. When a man dies he kicks the dust.
92
Economy 92 written: E

(Ronald Clapper)
The customs of some savage nations might, perchance, be profitably imitated by us, for they at least go through the semblance of casting their slough annually; they have the idea of the thing, whether they have the reality or not. Would it not be well if we were to celebrate such a “busk,” or “feast of first fruits,” as Bartram describes to have been the custom of the Mucclasse Indians? “When a town celebrates the busk,” says he, “having previously provided themselves with new clothes, new pots, pans, and other household utensils and furniture, they collect all their worn out clothes and other despicable things, sweep and cleanse their houses, squares, and the whole town, of their filth, which with all the remaining grain and other old provisions they cast together into one common heap, and consume it with fire. After having taken medicine, and fasted for three days, all the fire in the town is extinguished. During this fast they abstain from the gratification of every appetite and passion whatever. A general amnesty is proclaimed; all malefactors may return to their town, and they are absolved from their crimes, which are now forgotten and they restored to favor. town.-" town.-" town.-"
93
Economy 93 written: E

(Ronald Clapper)
“On the fourth morning, the high priest, by rubbing dry wood together, produces new fire in the public square, from whence every habitation in the town is supplied with the new and pure flame.”
94
Economy 94 written: E

(Ronald Clapper)
They then feast on the new corn and fruits, and dance and sing for three days, “and the four following days they receive visits and rejoice with their friends from neighboring towns who have in like manner purified and prepared themselves.”
95
Economy 95 written: E
E: Economy 95 is interlined in pencil.

(Ronald Clapper)
The Mexicans also from his customs may have derived ractised practised practised practised a similar purification at the end of every fifty-two years, in the belief that it was time for the world to come to an end.
96
Economy 96 written: E

(Ronald Clapper)
I have scarcely heard of a truer sacrament, that is, as the dictionary defines it, “outward and visible sign of an inward and spiritual grace,” than this, and I have no doubt that they were originally inspired directly from Heaven to do thus, though they have no biblical record of the revelation. n
Note: The following was interlined after Economy 96 in the ink of G: “But either no revelation has been made to us, or we have not apprehended it.” (R. Clapper)
97a
Economy 97a written: A rewritten: B, C

(Ronald Clapper)
At present i.e., when this was written I maintain myself At present When this was written I maintain maintained myself For more than five years I maintained myself thus For more than five years I maintained myself thus For more than five years I maintained myself thus For more than five years I maintained myself thus For more than five years I maintained myself thus For more than five years I maintained myself thus solely by the labor of my hands, and I found find found found found found found found found that, by working about six weeks in a year, I can can could could could could could could could meet all the expenses of living. The whole of my winters, as well as most of my summers, I have free and entire for study, having only to get my fuel, the dead and for the most part unmerchantable wood behind my house, to bake my bread, and to wash my clothes. I can invent for society. have had free and entire for study had free and entire for study. had free and clear for study. had free and clear for study. had free and clear for study. had free and clear for study. had free and clear for study. I have thoroughly tried school-keeping, and have found have found found found found found found found that my expenses were increased in a greater proportion than my salary increased in a greater proportion than my salary income, increased in a greater proportion than my income in proportion or rather out of proportion to my income, for I was obliged to dress and train accordingly, in proportion, or rather out of proportion, to my income, for I was obliged to dress and train, not to say think and believe, accordingly, in proportion, or rather out of proportion, to my income, for I was obliged to dress and train, not to say think and believe, accordingly, in proportion, or rather out of proportion, to my income, for I was obliged to dress and train, not to say think and believe, accordingly, in proportion, or rather out of proportion, to my income, for I was obliged to dress and train, not to say think and believe, accordingly, in proportion, or rather out of proportion, to my income, for I was obliged to dress and train, not to say think and believe, accordingly, and I lost my time into the bargain. As I did not teach for the good of my fellow-men, but simply for a livelihood, this was a failure. I have tried trade; but I found that it would take ten years to get under way in that, and that then you would I should I should I should I should I should I should I should I should probably be on the my my my my my my my way to the devil. I was actually afraid that I might by that time be actually doing what is called a good business. I was actually afraid that I might by that time be doing what is called a good business. I was actually afraid that I might by that time be doing what is called a good business. I was actually afraid that I might by that time be doing what is called a good business. I was actually afraid that I might by that time be doing what is called a good business. I was actually afraid that I might by that time be doing what is called a good business. I was actually afraid that I might by that time be doing what is called a good business. I was actually afraid that I might by that time be doing what is called a good business. 97b
Economy 97b written: F

(Ronald Clapper)
When formerly I was looking about to see what I could do for a living, some sad experience in conforming to the wishes of friends being fresh in my mind to tax my ingenuity, I thought often and seriously of picking huckleberries; that surely I could do, and its small profits might suffice,—for my greatest skill has been to want but little,—so little capital it required, so little distraction from my wonted thoughts moods, moods, moods, I foolishly thought. While my acquaintances went unhesitatingly into trade or the professions, I thought of contemplated contemplated contemplated this occupation as most like theirs; ranging the hills all summer to pick the berries which came in my way, which I might carelessly dispose of & thereafter carelessly dispose of them; and thereafter carelessly dispose of them; and thereafter carelessly dispose of them; so, to keep the flocks of Admetus. I also dreamed that I might gather the wild herbs, or carry evergreens to such villagers as loved to be reminded of the woods, even to the city, by hay-cart loads. But I have since learned that trade curses every thing it handles; and though you trade in messages from heaven, the whole curse of trade attaches to the business.
98
Economy 98 written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
As I preferred some things to others, and especially valued my freedom, and and as I as I as I as I as I as I as I could fare hard and yet succeed well, I did not wish to spend my time in earning rich carpets or other other other other other other other other fine furniture, or delicate cookery, or a house in the Grecian or the Gothic style just yet. If there are any to whom it is no interruption to acquire these things, and who know how to use them when acquired, I relinquish to them the pursuit. Some are industrious as the phrase is, industrious as the phrase is, "industrious," "industrious," "industrious," "industrious," "industrious," "industrious," and appear to appear to appear to appear to appear to appear to appear to love labor for its own sake, or perhaps because it keeps them out of worse mischief; or perhaps because it keeps them out of worse mischief; or perhaps because it keeps them out of worse mischief; or perhaps because it keeps them out of worse mischief; or perhaps because it keeps them out of worse mischief; or perhaps because it keeps them out of worse mischief; or perhaps because it keeps them out of worse mischief; to such I have at present nothing to say. Those who would not know what to do with more leisure than they now enjoy, I would would might might might might might might might advise to work twice as hard as they do,— work till they pay for themselves, and get their free papers. work till they pay for themselves, and get their free papers. work till they pay for themselves, and get their free papers. work till they pay for themselves, and get their free papers. work till they pay for themselves, and get their free papers. work till they pay for themselves, and get their free papers. work till they pay for themselves, and get their free papers. For myself I find that at present find found that at present found that found that found that found that found that found that the occupation of a day-laborer is is was was was was was was was the most independent of any, especially when we consider that it requires when we consider that it requireswhen we consider I considered that it requires as it required as it required as it required as it required as it required as it required as it required only thirty or forty days in a year to support one. The laborer’s day ends with the going down of the sun, and he is then then then then then then then free to devote himself to his chosen pursuit, independent of his labor; but his employer, who speculates from month to month, has no respite from one year’s end to another’s. year’s end to another’s Some say that time is money. It is more than that. It is life. And whoever exchanges much of it for money—or what money can buy—makes a wretched bargain & will be bankrupt in the end. end of the year to the other. end of the year to the other. end of the year to the other. end of the year to the other. end of the year to the other. end of the year to the other.
99
Economy 99 written: C
C: Economy 99 is interlined on a leaf from B that had been taken into C.

(Ronald Clapper)
In short, In short, In short, In short, In short, In short, I am convinced, both both both both both both by faith as well as by & and and and and and experience, that to maintain one’s self on this earth is not a hardship but a pastime, if we will live simply and wisely; as the pursuits of the simpler nations are still the sports of the more artificial. It is not necessary that a man should earn his living by the sweat of his brow, unless he sweats easier than I do.
100
Economy 100 written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
One young man of my acquaintance, who has inherited some acres, remarked to remarked to told told told told told told told me that he thought he should live as I do did, did, did, did, did, did, did, did, if he had the means . I would not have any one adopt my mode of living on any account; for, beside that before he has fairly learned it I may have found out another for myself, I desire that there may be as many different persons in the world as possible—and they say very truly that it takes all kinds to make a world; possible; possible; possible; possible; possible; possible; possible; but I would have each one be very careful to find out and pursue his own way, and not his father’s or his mother’s or his neighbor’s instead. The youth may build or plant or sail, only let him not be hindered from doing that which he tells me he would like to do. If he is reproved for being what he is he will find his only recourse in being still more entirely what he is. Carry but yourself erect and your garments will trail as they should. Disturb not the sailor with too many details, but let him be sure that he keep his guiding star in his eye do.If he is reproved for being what he is he will find his only recourse is being still more entirely what he is. Carry but yourself erect and your garments will trail as they should. Disturb not the sailor with too many details, but only let him be sure that he keep his guiding star in his eye do. do. do. do. do. do. It is by a mathematical point only that we are wise, as the sailor or the fugitive slave keeps the polestar in his eye; as the sailor or the fugitive slave keeps the polestar in his eye; as the sailor or the fugitive slave keeps the polestar in his eye; as the sailor or the fugitive slave keeps the polestar in his eye; as the sailor or the fugitive slave keeps the polestar in his eye; as the sailor or the fugitive slave keeps the polestar in his eye; but that is sufficient guidance for all our life. We may not arrive at our port within a calculable period, but we would preserve the true course. We may not arrive at our port within a calculable period, but we would preserve the true course. We may not arrive at our port within a calculable period, but we would preserve the true course. We may not arrive at our port within a calculable period, but we would preserve the true course. We may not arrive at our port within a calculable period, but we would preserve the true course. We may not arrive at our port within a calculable period, but we would preserve the true course.
101
Economy 101 written: B rewritten: C
B: Moreover, it will commonly be … not keep his side in repair and Above all, as I have implied … a long time before they get off do not appear in the manuscript.
C: A second fair copy was made of Undoubtedly, in this case, what is true … not keep his side in repair.

(Ronald Clapper)
n
Note:

Before Economy 101, the following was interlined, beginning on the bottom of a leaf from B that had been taken into C and continuing in the margin at the top of a leaf in C:

Everything impels us to seek our health. No doubt our instincts drive us forward in the right path and keep us from wandering, as faithful herdsmen their herds. Whatever we care to do is for our health. No student ever hurt his chest with writing poetry—for that does not consist with a constrained position. No it was writing prose, it was some vile copying or other drudgery that did the business. The girl that is visited by beautiful thoughts is not then laying the foundations of a crooked spine. They are guiltless of such work.

(R. Clapper)
n
Note:

Before Economy 101, the following was interlined, beginning on the bottom of a leaf from B that had been taken into C and continuing in the margin at the top of a leaf in C:

Everything impels us to seek our health. No doubt our instincts drive us forward in the right path and keep us from wandering, as faithful herdsmen their herds. Whatever we care to do is for our health. No student ever hurt his chest with writing poetry—for that does not consist with a constrained position. No it was writing prose, it was some vile copying or other drudgery that did the business. The girl that is visited by beautiful thoughts is not then laying the foundations of a crooked spine. They are guiltless of such work.

(R. Clapper)
I shall be very glad if this record of my experience afford any useful hints to others, for the conduct of their lives. I believe that Yet I believe that in this case, what is true for one is truer still for a thousand, just as, to use a particular instance, the expense of building a large house is not proportionally greater than that of building a small one, since one roof may cover, and one cellar underlie, and one wall separate, many apartments; or to express it generally—the expense of building a large house is not proportionally greater than that of building a small one, in proportion to its size—though if I thought that I should be understood literally I should say that though to speak literally I prefer the isolated dwelling. r
Revision note: C1: Yet I believe that in this case what is true for one is truer still for a thousand, just as to use a particular instance, the expense of building a large house is not proportionally greater than the expense of building a small one, since one roof may cover and one cellar underlie and one wall separate many apartments; though to speak literally, I prefer the solitary dwelling.
Yet I believe that Undoubtedly in this case, what is true for one is truer still for a thousand, just as, to use a particular instance, the expense of building a large house is not proportionally greater than the expense of building more expensive than a small one, since one roof may cover and one cellar may underlie, and one wall separate many several apartments; though to speak literally I prefer But for my own part I preferred the solitary dwelling.
Undoubtedly, in this case, what is true for one is truer still for a thousand, as a large house is not more expensive than a small one in proportion to its size, since one roof may cover, one cellar underlie, and one wall separate several apartments. But for my part, I preferred the solitary dwelling. Undoubtedly, in this case, what is true for one is truer still for a thousand, as a large house is not more expensive than a small one in proportion to its size, since one roof may cover, one cellar underlie, and one wall separate several apartments. But for my part, I preferred the solitary dwelling. Undoubtedly, in this case, what is true for one is truer still for a thousand, as a large house is not more expensive than a small one in proportion to its size, since one roof may cover, one cellar underlie, and one wall separate several apartments. But for my part, I preferred the solitary dwelling. Undoubtedly, in this case, what is true for one is truer still for a thousand, as a large house is not more expensive than a small one in proportion to its size, since one roof may cover, one cellar underlie, and one wall separate several apartments. But for my part, I preferred the solitary dwelling. Undoubtedly, in this case, what is true for one is truer still for a thousand, as a large house is not more expensive than a small one in proportion to its size, since one roof may cover, one cellar underlie, and one wall separate several apartments. But for my part, I preferred the solitary dwelling.
r
Revision note: C1:
Moreover,
r
Revision note: C1:
Moreover,
Moreover, Moreover, Moreover, Moreover, Moreover,
it will commonly be cheaper to build the whole yourself than to convince another of the advantage of the common wall; and when you have done r
Revision note: C1:
this,
r
Revision note: C1:
this,
this, this, this, this, this,
the common partition, to be r
Revision note: C1:
much
r
Revision note: C1:
much
much much much much much
cheaper, must be a thin one, and that other may prove a bad neighbor, and r
Revision note: C1:
moreover also
r
Revision note: C1:
moreover also
also also also also also
not keep his side in repair. In the large establishment there will be many xxxx holes, and many resources for idleness. If the single man fails he will know where the fault lies and learn faster by experience. repair. In the large establishment there will be many xxxx holes, and many resources for idleness. If the single man fails he will know where the fault lies and learn faster by experience. repair. repair. repair. repair. repair. It is true men talk much of cooperation nowadays—of working together to some worthy end, when the only cooperation which they mean It appears to me that the only cooperation which is commonly possible, however advantageous it may be However advantageous it may be, the only cooperation which is commonly possible The only coöperation which is commonly possible The only coöperation which is commonly possible The only coöperation which is commonly possible The only coöperation which is commonly possible The only coöperation which is commonly possible is exceedingly partial and superficial; and and and and and and what little true coöperation there is, is as if it were not, being a simple result of which the means are hidden being a simple result of which the means are hidden, being being being being being a harmony inaudible to men. If a man has faith he will coöperate with equal faith every where; if he has not faith, he will continue to live like the rest of the world, whatever company he is joined to. To coöperate, in the highest as well as the lowest sense, means to get your our our our our our our our living together . I heard it proposed lately that two young men should travel together over the world, the one without money, earning his means as he went, on foot and before the mast, on foot and before the mast and behind the plough, before the mast and behind the plough, before the mast and behind the plough, before the mast and behind the plough, before the mast and behind the plough, before the mast and behind the plough, the other carrying a bill of exchange in his pocket. It was easy to see that they could not long be companions or coöperate, since one would not operate at all. They would part company part company part part part part part at the first interesting crisis in their adventures. But whether we act singly or in community simplicity and high purpose will equally be indispensable adventures. adventures. adventures. adventures. adventures. adventures. Above all, as I have suggested, as I have suggested, as I have implied, as I have implied, as I have implied, as I have implied, as I have implied, the man who goes alone can start today; but he who travels with another must wait till that other is ready, and what with the weather and that other’s convenience, it will may what with the weather and that other’s convenience, it will may it may it may it may it may it may be a long time before they get off. There are experts of the establishment and they are wont to be very serious even long before anything is established. A platform for orators is at once erected and that costs incalculable sums. I have noticed that birds which fly in flocks, like blackbirds, appea[r] to waste a good deal of time in chattering. Judging by the amount that has been spoken and written about the Fourier system, for instance the interminable discussions even to the minutest details of the cella[r] and the garret, one would think suppose that it had now been in operation for a hundred years, but I have yet to learn that a single institution, entirely on his Fourier’s plan , is anywhere fairly under weigh. I remember an old woman who when I was a boy used to send me of errands, who repeated her message off. There are experts of the establishment and they are wont to be very serious even long before anything is established. A platform for orators is at once erected and that costs incalculable sums. I have noticed that birds which fly in flocks, like blackbirds, appea[r] to waste a good deal of time in chattering. Judging by the amount that has been spoken and written about the Fourier system, for instance the interminable discussions even to the minutest details of the cella[r] and the garret, one would think suppose that it had now been in operation for a hundred years, but I have yet to learn that a single institution, entirely on his Fourier’s plan , is anywhere fairly under weigh. I remember an old woman who when I was a boy used to send me of errands, who repeated her message off. off. off. off. off. n
Note: Three leaves (#113-117) are missing. (R. Clapper)
102
Economy 102 written: A rewritten: B, C
A & B: But I would not stand between … most likely they will does not appear in the manuscript in A or in the original copying of B but is interlined in pencil in B.

(Ronald Clapper)
But all this is very selfish, I have heard some of my townsmen say. I confess that But all this is very selfish, I have heard some of my townsmen say. I confess that But all this is very selfish, I have heard some of my townsmen say. I confess that But all this is very selfish, I have heard some of my townsmen say. I confess that But all this is very selfish, I have heard some of my townsmen say. I confess that But all this is very selfish, I have heard some of my townsmen say. I confess that But all this is very selfish, I have heard some of my townsmen say. I confess that I have hitherto indulged very little in philanthropic enterprises. I have made some sacrifices to a sense of duty, and among others have sacrificed this pleasure also. I may say without boasting that I have never been inside of a theatre but once, and never that I remember—subscribed a cent to any charitable object. Professional men—merchants—farmers—mechanics—laboring men and women—speculators and jobbers of all kinds have at various times tempted me just to take one turn at doing good to mankind—but I have been wonderfully sustained and my virtue is still unsullied in this respect. Some Some There are those who There are those who There are those who There are those who There are those who There are those who There are those who have used all their arts to persuade me to undertake the support of some poor family in the town; and and and and and and if I had nothing to do,— for they say for they say even for for for for for for the devil finds employment for the idle,—I certainly should certainly should might might might might might might might try my hand at some such pastime as that. However, However, However, However, However, However, when I have thought to indulge myself in this respect, and lay their Heaven under an obligation by maintaining certain poor persons in all respects as comfortably as I maintain myself, and have even advanced ventured ventured ventured ventured ventured ventured ventured ventured so far as to make them the offer, they have one and all unhesitatingly preferred to remain poor. While my townsmen and women and women and women and women and women and women and women and women are devoted in so many ways to the good of their fellow men fellows fellows, fellows, fellows, fellows, fellows, fellows, fellows, I trust that one at least may be spared to other and less humane pursuits. I care not if my pursuits have no references to mankind. “In antiquity,” said Confucius, “those who devoted themselves to study did it for themselves; now those who devote themselves to study do it for others,” as a commentator says “to appear learned in the eyes of others,” as another commentator may add—“and to acquire a reputation for philanthropy.” Now, it appears to me, those who devote themselves to charity do it commonly for others, in Confucius’ sense, for but you must have a genius for charity as well as for anything else “In antiquity,” said Confucius, “those who devoted themselves to study did it for themselves; now, those who devote themselves to study do it for others,” as a commentator says “to appear learned to the eyes of others.” Now, it appears to me, those who devote themselves to charity do it for others. But you must have a genius for charity as well as for anything else. You must have a genius for charity as well as for any thing else. You must have a genius for charity as well as for any thing else. You must have a genius for charity as well as for any thing else. You must have a genius for charity as well as for any thing else. You must have a genius for charity as well as for any thing else. As for Doing-good, that is one of the professions that that which which which which which which which are full. Moreover, I did once try it fairly, did once try have tried it fairly in the course of my life, have tried it fairly, have tried it fairly, have tried it fairly, have tried it fairly, have tried it fairly, have tried it fairly, and, strange as it may seem, am satisfied that it does not agree with my constitution. It does not suit my genius I have a natural repugnance to it constitution. I have a natural repugnance to it constitution. constitution. constitution. constitution. constitution. constitution. Probably I should not consciously and deliberately forsake my particular calling to do the good which society demands of me, to save the universe from annihilation; and indeed a like indeed I believe that a like I believe that a like but greater I believe that a like but infinitely greater I believe that a like but infinitely greater I believe that a like but infinitely greater I believe that a like but infinitely greater I believe that a like but infinitely greater steadfastness elsewhere is all that now preserves it. But I would not stand between any man and his genius; and to him who does this work, which I decline, with his whole heart and soul and life, I would say, Persevere, aye even if as in my own case aye even if as in my own case aye even if even if even if even if even if even if the world call it doing evil, as it is most likely they will. as it is most likely they will. as it is most likely they will. as it is most likely they will. as it is most likely they will. as it is most likely they will.
103a
Economy 103a written: B

(Ronald Clapper)
do not by any means suppose am far from supposing I am far from supposing I am far from supposing I am far from supposing I am far from supposing I am far from supposing I am far from supposing that my case is a peculiar one; but that you would all say something similar in like circumstances no doubt many of my readers would make a similar defence. no doubt many of my readers would make a similar defence. no doubt many of my readers would make a similar defence. no doubt many of my readers would make a similar defence. no doubt many of my readers would make a similar defence. no doubt many of my readers would make a similar defence. no doubt many of my readers would make a similar defence. At doing something,—I will not engage that my neighbors shall pronounce it good,—I do not hesitate to say that I should be a capital fellow to hire; but what that is, it is for my employer to find out. What good I do, in your the common the common the common the common the common the common the common sense of that word, must be aside from my main path, and for the most part wholly unintended. There is no doctrine preached with so much cant in these days as this of doing good, and I think that this word cant, considering its meaning should be derived, not from the old chant, at length come to be sung more through the nose, but rather from the contraction can’t, the expression of inefficiency and despair unintended. unintended. unintended. unintended. unintended. unintended. 103b
Economy 103b written: A rewritten: B, C
B & C: A fair copy was made of only Men say, practically, Begin … the sun’s chariot but one day on a leaf in B that was later taken into C. A fair copy was made of the rest of Economy 103b, beginning on the leaf from B and continuing on a new leaf in C.

(Ronald Clapper)
Men say, practically, Begin where you are and such as you are, not not without without without without without without without aiming mainly to become better of more worth, of more worth, of more worth, of more worth, of more worth, of more worth, of more worth, of more worth, and with kindness aforethought go about doing good. If I were to preach at all in this strain, I should say rather, Set about being good. As if the sun should stop when he had kindled his fires up to the splendor of a moon or a star of the sixth magnitude, and go about like a Robin Goodfellow or will o’ the wisp, Goodfellow, Goodfellow, Goodfellow, Goodfellow, Goodfellow, Goodfellow, Goodfellow, peeping in at every cottage window, inspiring lunatics, and tainting meats, and making darkness visible, instead of steadily increasing his genial heat and beneficence till he is of such brightness that no mortal can look him in the face, and then, and in the mean while too, going about the world in his own orbit, doing it good, or rather, as a truer philosophy has discovered, the world go going going going going going going going going about him getting good. When Phaeton, wishing to prove his heavenly birth by his beneficence, had the sun’s chariot but one day, and drove out of the beaten track, he burned several blocks of houses in the lower streets of heaven, and scorched the surface of the earth, and dried up every spring, and made the great desert of Sahara, till Jupiter at length Jupiter at length at length Jupiter at length at length Jupiter at length Jupiter at length Jupiter at length Jupiter at length Jupiter hurled him headlong to the earth with a thunderbolt, and the sun, through grief at his death, did not shine for a year.
104a
Economy 104a written: A rewritten: C

(Ronald Clapper)
There is no odor so bad as that which arises from goodness tainted. It is human, it is divine, carrion. Why, there is no odor so bad as that which arises from goodness tainted. It is human it is divine carrion. There is no odor so bad as that which arises from goodness tainted. It is human, it is divine, carrion. There is no odor so bad as that which arises from goodness tainted. It is human, it is divine, carrion. There is no odor so bad as that which arises from goodness tainted. It is human, it is divine, carrion. There is no odor so bad as that which arises from goodness tainted. It is human, it is divine, carrion. There is no odor so bad as that which arises from goodness tainted. It is human, it is divine, carrion. If I knew for a certainty that a man was coming to my house with the conscious purpose design purpose design purpose design design design design design design of doing me good—such a man at least as I have seen on this errand, good—such a man at least as I have seen on this errand, good, such a man as I have seen on this errand. good, good, good, good, good, I should run for my life, as from that dry and parching wind of the African deserts called the simoom, which fills the mouth and nose and ears and eyes with dust till you are suffocated, I would not preach to men so strenuously and exclusively to practice kindness and humanity toward one another—to feed the hungry & clothe the naked, and the like, for the greater would include the less I would not preach to men so strenuously and exclusively to practice kindness and humanity toward one another—to feed the hungry & clothe the naked, and the like, for the greater would include the less There are two kinds of good, the one done to the body, the other, to the inhabitant of the body. Mankind insist almost exclusively on the former. But. for fear that I should get some of his good done to me,—some of its virus mingled with my blood. No,—in this case I would rather suffer evil the natural way. for fear that I should get some of his good done to me,—some of its virus mingled with my blood. No,—in this case I would rather suffer evil the natural way. for fear that I should get some of his good done to me,—some of its virus mingled with my blood. No,—in this case I would rather suffer evil the natural way. for fear that I should get some of his good done to me,—some of its virus mingled with my blood. No,—in this case I would rather suffer evil the natural way. for fear that I should get some of his good done to me,—some of its virus mingled with my blood. No,—in this case I would rather suffer evil the natural way. A man is not a good man to me because he will feed me if I should be starving, or warm me if I should be freezing, or pull me out of a ditch if I should ever fall into one. I can find you a Newfoundland dog that will do as much. Philanthropy is not love for one’s fellow-man in the broadest sense. Philanthropy is not love for one’s fellow-man in the broadest sense. Philanthropy is not love for one’s fellow-man in the broadest sense. Philanthropy is not love for one’s fellow-man in the broadest sense. Philanthropy is not love for one’s fellow-man in the broadest sense. 104b
Economy 104b written: C

(Ronald Clapper)
Howard was no doubt an exceedingly kind and worthy man in his way, and has his reward; but, comparatively speaking, what are a hundred Howards to us , if their philanthropy does not cheer us, if their presence, their conversation, their lives do not satisfy the hunger which is now starving us, do not banish the cold which is freezing us, do not help to liberate us from the prison in which we are all confined. Alas! do not help us in our best estate? do not help us in our best estate, when we are most worthy to be helped? do not help us in our best estate, when we are most worthy to be helped? do not help us in our best estate, when we are most worthy to be helped? do not help us in our best estate, when we are most worthy to be helped? do not help us in our best estate, when we are most worthy to be helped? I never yet attended heard of heard of heard of heard of heard of heard of a philanthropic meeting in which it was sincerely sincerely sincerely sincerely sincerely proposed to do any good to me or the like of me. But every dog should have his turn day me, or the like of me. me, or the like of me. me, or the like of me. me, or the like of me. me, or the like of me.
105
Economy 105 written: E rewritten: G
E: Economy 105 follows Economy 107.

(Ronald Clapper)
The Jesuits were quite balked by those Indians who, being burned at the stake, suggested new modes of torture to their tormentors. Being superior to physical suffering, it sometimes chanced that they were superior to any consolation which the missionaries could offer; and the law to do as you would be done by fell with less persuasiveness on the ears of those, who, for their part, did not care how they were done by, who loved their enemies after a new fashion, and freely forgave freely forgave freely forgave came very near freely forgiving came very near freely forgiving them all they did.
106a
Economy 106a written: G

(Ronald Clapper)
We do not Be sure you Be sure that you give the poor the aid they most need, We do not set them an example—leave though it be your example which leaves though it be your example which leaves them far behind. If we give money we do not commonly spend ourselves with it—but rather you give money spend yourself with it—& do not merely you give money, spend yourself with it, and do not merely abandon it to them. We err even on much simpler ground—After all, make curious mistakes sometimes. Often make curious mistakes sometimes. Often the poor man is not so cold and hungry as he is dirty and ragged and gross. It is as much his taste as partly his taste and not merely partly his taste, and not merely his misfortune. If you give him money, he will perhaps buy more rags with it. 106b
Economy 106b written: B rewritten: B, E, G
B: Economy 106b follows Economy 21. It was originally added to the manuscript on a separate leaf, but when Economy 21 was copied a fair copy was made of Economy 106b.
C: Economy 106b follows Economy 37b. A fair copy was made of only I was wont to pity … in such mean and ragged.
E: Economy 106b follows Pond in Winter 18a.
F: Economy 106b follows Pond in Winter 18b. A fair copy was made of only I was wont to pity …mean and ragged clothes.

(Ronald Clapper)
r
Revision note: B1: This leads me to say that almost any man knows how to earn money, but not one in a million having earned it knows how to spend it. If he had known so much as this he would never have earned acquired it. At least I never knew a very rich man to let alone the poor for the present who knew how to spend his money. Commonly they the rich wear no better clothes and build no better houses than their neighbors, for while they have been accumulating property they have not been cultivating their taste or their wits. I think that in winter, and I speak from experience, the poor man who wears cowhide, is better shod than the rich with India rubber over calf-skin. You are no doubt wont to pity the poor clumsy Irish laborers who work on our railroads in the winter, or cut ice in our ponds. In such mean and ragged clothes, while the spectator shivers in his pants you are shivering in your own more tidy and fashionable garments—and so did I, till one of the last who had slipped into the water one bitter cold day came to my house to warm him,
Almost any man,—if I may be pardoned the digression—, knows how to earn money, but not one in a million having earned it amassed a fortune knows how to spend it. If he had known so much as this he would never have acquired it. Commonly the rich wear no better clothes and build no better houses than their neighbors, for while they have been accumulating property they have not been cultivating their taste or their wits. I think that in winter, and I speak from experience, the poor man who wears cowhide, is better shod than the rich with India rubber over calf-skin. You are no doubt wont to pity the poor clumsy Irish laborers who work on our railroads in the winter, or cut ice in our ponds, in such mean and ragged clothes, while you are shivering in your own more tidy and fashionable garments—and so did I, till one of the last who had slipped into the pond one bitter cold day, came to my house to warm him—for if it had not been for my fire his limbs would have been frozen,
r
Revision note: B1: This leads me to say that almost any man knows how to earn money, but not one in a million having earned it knows how to spend it. If he had known so much as this he would never have earned acquired it. At least I never knew a very rich man to let alone the poor for the present who knew how to spend his money. Commonly they the rich wear no better clothes and build no better houses than their neighbors, for while they have been accumulating property they have not been cultivating their taste or their wits. I think that in winter, and I speak from experience, the poor man who wears cowhide, is better shod than the rich with India rubber over calf-skin. You are no doubt wont to pity the poor clumsy Irish laborers who work on our railroads in the winter, or cut ice in our ponds. In such mean and ragged clothes, while the spectator shivers in his pants you are shivering in your own more tidy and fashionable garments—and so did I, till one of the last who had slipped into the water one bitter cold day came to my house to warm him,
Almost any man,—if I may be pardoned the digression—, knows how to earn money, but not one in a million having earned it amassed a fortune knows how to spend it. If he had known so much as this he would never have acquired it. Commonly the rich wear no better clothes and build no better houses than their neighbors, for while they have been accumulating property they have not been cultivating their taste or their wits. I think that in winter, and I speak from experience, the poor man who wears cowhide, is better shod than the rich with India rubber over calf-skin. You are no doubt wont to pity the poor clumsy Irish laborers who work on our railroads in the winter, or cut ice in our ponds, in such mean and ragged clothes, while you are shivering in your own more tidy and fashionable garments—and so did I, till one of the last who had slipped into the pond one bitter cold day, came to my house to warm him—for if it had not been for my fire his limbs would have been frozen,
r
Revision note: B1: This leads me to say that almost any man knows how to earn money, but not one in a million having earned it knows how to spend it. If he had known so much as this he would never have earned acquired it. At least I never knew a very rich man to let alone the poor for the present who knew how to spend his money. Commonly they the rich wear no better clothes and build no better houses than their neighbors, for while they have been accumulating property they have not been cultivating their taste or their wits. I think that in winter, and I speak from experience, the poor man who wears cowhide, is better shod than the rich with India rubber over calf-skin. You are no doubt wont to pity the poor clumsy Irish laborers who work on our railroads in the winter, or cut ice in our ponds. In such mean and ragged clothes, while the spectator shivers in his pants you are shivering in your own more tidy and fashionable garments—and so did I, till one of the last who had slipped into the water one bitter cold day came to my house to warm him,
Almost any man,—if I may be pardoned the digression—, knows how to earn money, but not one in a million having earned it amassed a fortune knows how to spend it. If he had known so much as this he would never have acquired it. Commonly the rich wear no better clothes and build no better houses than their neighbors, for while they have been accumulating property they have not been cultivating their taste or their wits. I think that in winter, and I speak from experience, the poor man who wears cowhide, is better shod than the rich with India rubber over calf-skin. You are no doubt wont to pity the poor clumsy Irish laborers who work on our railroads in the winter, or cut ice in our ponds, in such mean and ragged clothes, while you are shivering in your own more tidy and fashionable garments—and so did I, till one of the last who had slipped into the pond one bitter cold day, came to my house to warm him—for if it had not been for my fire his limbs would have been frozen,
The Irishmen were very warmly clad and kept their feet dry with tight boots so that they would work without mittens in pretty cold weather. At first I was inclined to pity them engaged in such cold & wet work in ragged and apparently insufficient clothing, while I shivered in my somewhat more tidy garments, till one who had slipped into the pond one bitter cold day came to my house to warm him, The Irishmen were very warmly clad & kept their feet dry with tight boots & their bodies warm, so that they could work without mittens in pretty cold weather. At first I was inclined to pity them, engaged in such cold & wet work in ragged and apparently insufficient clothing. I was wont to pity the clumsy Irish laborers who cut ice on the pond, in such mean and ragged clothes, while I shivered in my more tidy and somewhat more fashionable garments, till, one bitter cold day, one who had slipped into the water came to my house to warm him, I was wont to pity the clumsy Irish laborers who cut ice on the pond, in such mean and ragged clothes, while I shivered in my more tidy and somewhat more fashionable garments, till, one bitter cold day, one who had slipped into the water came to my house to warm him,
and I saw him strip off three pairs of pants and two pairs of stockings ere he got down to the r
Revision note: B1: skin, though they were dirty and ragged enough it is true, and how that he could afford to refuse the extra garments which I had offered him. What the rich are said to give away is not commonly a gift, but rather so much abandoned to mankind, though it be the tenth part of their income annually. But even with money you might do something grander and more imposing. A small sum would really do much good if the donor spent himself with it, in other words saw it through, and did not merely relinquish it to some distant society as the Colonization Society or the Society for Foreign Missions whose managers do the good or the evil with it. How much might be done for this town with a hundred dollars if there were only a man to do it. I myself have provided a select course of 25 lectures for a winter, together with room-fuel—and lights—with that sum, which was no inconsiderable benefit to every inhabitant. With a thousand dollars I could purchase for this town a more complete & select library in my opinion, than exists in the state out of Cambridge & Boston. And perhaps a more available one than any. Men sit paralyzed and helpless by the side of their buried treasures. After all those who do most good with money do it with the least, because they can do better than to acquire it.
skin, though they were dirty and ragged enough it is true,— and that he could afford to refuse the extra garments which I offered him, having so many intra ones. What the rich are said to give away is not commonly a gift, but rather so much abandoned to mankind, though it be the tenth part of their income annually. But even with money you might do something grander and more imposing. A small sum would really do much good if the donor spent himself with it, in other words, saw it through, and did not merely relinquish it to some distant society, as the Colonization Society or the Society for Foreign Missions, whose managers do the good or the evil with it.—How much, for instance, might be done for this town with a hundred dollars if there were only a man to do it. I myself have provided a select course of twenty-five lectures for a winter, together with room fuel and lights, with that sum, which was no inconsiderable benefit to every inhabitant. With a thousand dollars I could purchase for this town a more complete and select library, in my opinion, than exists in the state out of Cambridge and Boston, and perhaps a more available one than any,—Men sit paralyzed and helpless by the side of their buried treasures. After all, those who do most good with money, do it with the least, because they can do better than to acquire it.
r
Revision note: B1: skin, though they were dirty and ragged enough it is true, and how that he could afford to refuse the extra garments which I had offered him. What the rich are said to give away is not commonly a gift, but rather so much abandoned to mankind, though it be the tenth part of their income annually. But even with money you might do something grander and more imposing. A small sum would really do much good if the donor spent himself with it, in other words saw it through, and did not merely relinquish it to some distant society as the Colonization Society or the Society for Foreign Missions whose managers do the good or the evil with it. How much might be done for this town with a hundred dollars if there were only a man to do it. I myself have provided a select course of 25 lectures for a winter, together with room-fuel—and lights—with that sum, which was no inconsiderable benefit to every inhabitant. With a thousand dollars I could purchase for this town a more complete & select library in my opinion, than exists in the state out of Cambridge & Boston. And perhaps a more available one than any. Men sit paralyzed and helpless by the side of their buried treasures. After all those who do most good with money do it with the least, because they can do better than to acquire it.
skin, though they were dirty and ragged enough it is true,— and that he could afford to refuse the extra garments which I offered him, having so many intra ones. What the rich are said to give away is not commonly a gift, but rather so much abandoned to mankind, though it be the tenth part of their income annually. But even with money you might do something grander and more imposing. A small sum would really do much good if the donor spent himself with it, in other words, saw it through, and did not merely relinquish it to some distant society, as the Colonization Society or the Society for Foreign Missions, whose managers do the good or the evil with it.—How much, for instance, might be done for this town with a hundred dollars if there were only a man to do it. I myself have provided a select course of twenty-five lectures for a winter, together with room fuel and lights, with that sum, which was no inconsiderable benefit to every inhabitant. With a thousand dollars I could purchase for this town a more complete and select library, in my opinion, than exists in the state out of Cambridge and Boston, and perhaps a more available one than any,—Men sit paralyzed and helpless by the side of their buried treasures. After all, those who do most good with money, do it with the least, because they can do better than to acquire it.
r
Revision note: B1: skin, though they were dirty and ragged enough it is true, and how that he could afford to refuse the extra garments which I had offered him. What the rich are said to give away is not commonly a gift, but rather so much abandoned to mankind, though it be the tenth part of their income annually. But even with money you might do something grander and more imposing. A small sum would really do much good if the donor spent himself with it, in other words saw it through, and did not merely relinquish it to some distant society as the Colonization Society or the Society for Foreign Missions whose managers do the good or the evil with it. How much might be done for this town with a hundred dollars if there were only a man to do it. I myself have provided a select course of 25 lectures for a winter, together with room-fuel—and lights—with that sum, which was no inconsiderable benefit to every inhabitant. With a thousand dollars I could purchase for this town a more complete & select library in my opinion, than exists in the state out of Cambridge & Boston. And perhaps a more available one than any. Men sit paralyzed and helpless by the side of their buried treasures. After all those who do most good with money do it with the least, because they can do better than to acquire it.
skin, though they were dirty and ragged enough it is true,— and that he could afford to refuse the extra garments which I offered him, having so many intra ones. What the rich are said to give away is not commonly a gift, but rather so much abandoned to mankind, though it be the tenth part of their income annually. But even with money you might do something grander and more imposing. A small sum would really do much good if the donor spent himself with it, in other words, saw it through, and did not merely relinquish it to some distant society, as the Colonization Society or the Society for Foreign Missions, whose managers do the good or the evil with it.—How much, for instance, might be done for this town with a hundred dollars if there were only a man to do it. I myself have provided a select course of twenty-five lectures for a winter, together with room fuel and lights, with that sum, which was no inconsiderable benefit to every inhabitant. With a thousand dollars I could purchase for this town a more complete and select library, in my opinion, than exists in the state out of Cambridge and Boston, and perhaps a more available one than any,—Men sit paralyzed and helpless by the side of their buried treasures. After all, those who do most good with money, do it with the least, because they can do better than to acquire it.
skin of him, and was convinced that not withstanding what with rags and dirt he was more warmly clad than I. They did not touch the ice with their hands. They who peddle it in the summer use a grapple since fatal effects are found to follow the long continued habit of handling it. Of course a great deal of work which was done in advance in order to be prepared for the workmen to follow was lost, and had to be done over again. Not only fresh snow had to be cropped off the same area, but a rain or thaw succeeded by cold filled the grooves with ice and spoiled that work; or worst of all rain & snow together might cover the whole pond for the whole winter many inches deep with imperfect ice which must be planed off. However, they removed this very fast. The plane which was as wide as a cake took off 2 inches each bout & 3 horses could break up as much as 10 could carry off. They used a rope with buoys to fence and haul in the ice already cut when the wind blew it off shore. The ice is commonly cut on the leeward side of the pond, so that the wind need not blow the water over the edge into the grooves, where it would freeze and spoil much work. They put snow into the ends of the grooves next the water to keep it out. When it was necessary to scrape up much snow it sank the ice under & so impeded the work. Also the ice sank & wore out where the men stood on boards to load it, until the water stood above it, and the waves also ate it away—so that they were obliged every day or two to occupy a new place. skin, though they were dirty and ragged enough, it is true, and that he could afford to refuse the extra garments which I offered him, he had so many intra ones. skin, though they were dirty and ragged enough, it is true, and that he could afford to refuse the extra garments which I offered him, he had so many intra ones. skin, though they were dirty and ragged enough, it is true, and that he could afford to refuse the extra garments which I offered him, he had so many intra ones.
106c
Economy 106c written: G
G: It is the pious slave-breeder … officers of justice? is interlined in pencil.

(Ronald Clapper)
This ducking was the very thing he required needed. needed. Then I began to pity myself, and I saw that it would be a greater charity to bestow on me a flannel shirt than a whole slop-shop on him. There are a thousand hacking at the branches of evil to one who is striking at the root, and it may be that he who bestows the largest amount of time and money on the needy is doing the most by his mode of life to produce that misery which he strives in vain to relieve. It is the kindness of the master to his slave—What if you spend a tenth part of your income in charity; probably you should spend the nine tenths and be done with it. What does all the charity of England amount to —who with her right hand withholds the soil & freedom from the masses, and with her left builds work-houses—and does not let her left hand know what her right hand does! relieve. It is the pious slave-breeder devoting the proceeds of every tenth slave to buy a Sunday’s liberty for the rest. Some show their kindness to the poor by employing them in their kitchens. What if they were to employ themselves in their own kitchens instead? Would they not be kinder if they employed themselves there? Would they not be kinder if they employed themselves there? You boast of spending a tenth part of your income in charity; may be you should spend the nine tenths so, and done with it. The community Society recovers only a tenth part of the property then. Is this owing to the generosity of him in whose possession it is found, or to the remissness of the officers of justice?
107
Economy 107 written: E rewritten: G

(Ronald Clapper)
The virtue of philanthropy Philanthropy is almost the only virtue which is sufficiently appreciated by mankind. Nay, it Philanthropy is almost the only virtue which is sufficiently appreciated by mankind. Nay, it Philanthropy is almost the only virtue which is sufficiently appreciated by mankind. Nay, it Philanthropy is almost the only virtue which is sufficiently appreciated by mankind. Nay, it is greatly overrated; and it is our selfishness which overrates it. A robust poor man, one sunny day here in Concord, praised a fellow-townsman to me, because, as he said, he was kind to the poor; meaning himself. The kind uncles and aunts of the race are more esteemed than its true spiritual fathers and mothers. I once heard a reverend lecturer on England, a man of learning and intelligence, after enumerating her scientific, scientific, literary, and political worthies, Shakspeare, Bacon, Cromwell, Cromwell, Milton, Newton, and others, speak next of her Christian heroes, whom, as if his profession required it of him, he elevated to a place far above all the rest, as the greatest of the great. They were Penn, Howard, and Mrs. Fry. The least intelligent audience The least intelligent audience The least intelligent audience Every one Every one must feel the falsehood and cant of this. The last were not England's best men and women; only, perhaps, her best philanthropists. The last were not the best of her England’s best men and women, only perhaps the her best philanthropists. The last were not England's best men and women; only, perhaps, her best philanthropists. The last were not England's best men and women; only, perhaps, her best philanthropists. The last were not England's best men and women; only, perhaps, her best philanthropists.
108a
Economy 108a written: E rewritten: G

(Ronald Clapper)
I would not subtract one iota one iota one iota any thing any thing from the praise that is due to philanthropy, but merely demand justice for all who by their lives and works are a blessing to mankind. I do not value chiefly a man’s uprightness and benevolence, which are, as it were, his stem and leaves. Those plants of whose greenness withered we make herb tea for the sick, serve but a humble use, and are most employed by quacks. and are most employed by quacks. and are most employed by quacks. and are most employed by quacks. 108b
Economy 108b written: A rewritten: C, E, G
A: Economy 108b, which is followed by Economy 110b and 109a, appears as follows. Every class and order in the universe is the bearer of certain gifts to man. There is a whole class of musk-bearing animals—and each flower has its peculiar odor—and all these together go to make the general wholesome and invigorating atmosphere. So each man should take care to emit his fragrance, and perform some such office as hemlock boughs, and dried and healing herbs—I want the flower and fruit of a man—and that some fragrance as of fresh spring life be wafted over from him to me—This is consolation and that charity that hides a multitude of sins. He must serve another and a better use than any he can consciously render. We demand to discover at least some signs of life, some vegetation and putting forth of natural life in him. Some greenness, some flowering—some ripeness. He must be a sort of appreciable wealth to us, or at least make us sensible of our own riches—in his degree an Apollo—a Mercury—a Ceres—a Minerva—or the bearer of divine gifts to me. He must bring me the morning light untarnished, & the evening red undimmed—The hilarity of Spring in his mirth—the summer’s serenity in his joy—the autumnal ripeness in his wisdom—and the repose and abundance of winter in his silence. A man should impart his courage and not his despair—his health and ease and not his disease, and take care that this does not spread by contagion. It has been well said that our purest and loftiest joys have no memory of, or faith in, one another, and hence we need that he of our fellows who last travelled to the sources of the sun—drank at the well of life—or tasted the fountain of God—should communicate to us some of their inspiration.
C: A fair copy was made of only I want the flower and fruit of a man; that some fragrance be.
a fair copy was made of only I want the flower and fruit of a man; that some fragrance be wafted over.

(Ronald Clapper)
A man must serve another and a better a higher use than any he can consciously render serve. Though you are a reformer, we want not merely your wit and your grit, your independence and freedom, your reasons which are your good roots & foundations, or your the wit and the grit of the reformer, his independence and freedom, his reasons which are his roots, or his uprightness and benevolence, which are your his stem & leaves, but we want the flower and fruit of a man. We demand some greenness, some flowering, some ripeness perchance at least that some fragrance at least, as of fresh spring life be A man must serve another and a better a higher use than any he can consciously render serve. Though you are a reformer, we want not merely your wit and your grit, your independence and freedom, your reasons which are your good roots & foundations, or your the wit and the grit of the reformer, his independence and freedom, his reasons which are his roots, or his uprightness and benevolence, which are your his stem & leaves, but we want the flower and fruit of a man. We demand some greenness, some flowering, some ripeness perchance at least that some fragrance at least, as of fresh spring life be A man must serve another and a better a higher use than any he can consciously render serve. Though you are a reformer, we want not merely your wit and your grit, your independence and freedom, your reasons which are your good roots & foundations, or your the wit and the grit of the reformer, his independence and freedom, his reasons which are his roots, or his uprightness and benevolence, which are your his stem & leaves, but we want the flower and fruit of a man. We demand some greenness, some flowering, some ripeness perchance at least that some fragrance at least, as of fresh spring life be I want the flower and fruit of a man; that some fragrance be I want the flower and fruit of a man; that some fragrance be I want the flower and fruit of a man; that some fragrance be I want the flower and fruit of a man; that some fragrance be I want the flower and fruit of a man; that some fragrance be wafted over from him to me, and some ripeness flavor our intercourse. His goodness to me goodness to me goodness to me goodness to me goodness to me goodness goodness goodness must not be a partial and transitory act, but a constant superfluity, which costs him nothing and of which he is unconscious. This is a charity that hides a multitude of sins. This is a charity that hides a multitude of sins. This is a charity that hides a multitude of sins. The philanthropist commonly too often commonly too often commonly too often commonly too often commonly too often too often too often too often surrounds mankind with the remembrance of his own cast-off griefs as an atmosphere, and calls it sympathy. We should impart our courage, and not our despair, our health and ease, and not our disease, and take care that this does not spread by contagion. We should impart our courage, and not our despair, our health and ease, and not our disease, and take care that this does not spread by contagion. We should impart our courage, and not our despair, our health and ease, and not our disease, and take care that this does not spread by contagion. We should impart our courage, and not our despair, our health and ease, and not our disease, and take care that this does not spread by contagion. We should impart our courage, and not our despair, our health and ease, and not our disease, and take care that this does not spread by contagion. We should impart our courage, and not our despair, our health and ease, and not our disease, and take care that this does not spread by contagion. We should impart our courage, and not our despair, our health and ease, and not our disease, and take care that this does not spread by contagion. We should impart our courage, and not our despair, our health and ease, and not our disease, and take care that this does not spread by contagion. 108c
Economy 108c written: G
G: Economy 108c, 108e, and 110a were added to the manuscript on a partial leaf.

(Ronald Clapper)
From what southern plains comes up the voice of wailing? Under what latitudes reside the heathen to whom we would send light? Who is that intemperate and brutal man whom we would redeem? 108d
Economy 108d written: E

(Ronald Clapper)
If any thing ail a man, so that he does not perform his functions, if he has have have have a pain in his bowels even,—for that is the source seat seat seat of sympathy,—he forthwith sets about reforming—the world. Being a microcosm himself, he discovers, and it is a true discovery, and he is the man to make it,—that the world has been eating green apples; to his eyes, in fact, the globe itself is a great green apple, which there is danger awful to think of that the children of men will nibble before it is ripe; and straightway his drastic philanthropy seeks out the Esquimaux and the Patagonian, and embraces the populous Indian and Chinese villages; and thus, by a few years of philanthropic activity, the powers in the mean while using him for their own ends, no doubt, no doubt, no doubt, no doubt, he cures himself of his dyspepsia, the globe acquires a faint blush on one or both or both or both or both of its cheeks, as if it were beginning to be ripe, and life loses its crudity and is once more sweet and wholesome to live. 108e
Economy 108e written: G

(Ronald Clapper)
I never dreamed of any enormity so great as greater than greater than I have committed. I never knew, and never shall know, so bad a man as a worse man than a worse man than myself.
109a
Economy 109a written: A rewritten: E
A: Economy 109a, which follows Economy 110b, appears as follows: If we will think of it—there is no reformer on the globe—no such philanthropic, benevolent, & charitable man, now engaged in any good work any where, sorely afflicted by the sight of misery around him, and animated by the desire to relieve it, who would not instantly and unconsciously sign off from these pure labors, and betake himself to purer, if he had but righted some obscure and perhaps unrecognized private grievance. Let but the spring come to him, let the morning rise over his couch, and he will forsake his generous companions, without apology or explanation—or the need of any. I would say to the anxious philanthropist—Take up a little life into your pores—strike root and grow—endeavor to encourage the flow of sap in your veins—and help to clothe the human field with green.—If your branches wither strike your roots wider and deeper—send your fibres into every kingdom of nature for its contribution, and make the most of that greenness and life which the gods allot you. Send forth your boughs into the heavens for ethereal and starry influences—and make firm your trunk against the elements. Who can foretel what blossoms, what fruits, what private and public advantage may push up through this rind which we call a man.—The traveller may stand by him as a perennial fountain in the desert, and slake his thirst forever.

(Ronald Clapper)
I believe that what so saddens the reformer is not his sympathy with his fellows in distress, but, though he be the holiest son of God, it is it is it is it is it is is is is his private ail. Let this be righted, let the spring come to him, let the the the the the the the the morning rise over his couch, and he will forsake his generous companions without apology. 109b
Economy 109b written: E

(Ronald Clapper)
My excuse for not lecturing against the use of tobacco is, that I never chewed it; that is a penalty which reformed reformed reformed reformed tobacco-chewers have to pay; though there are things enough which enough enough enough I have chewed, which I could lecture against. If you should ever be betrayed into any of these philanthropic actions philanthropies—literally, philanthropies, philanthropies, philanthropies, do not let your left hand know what your right hand does, for it is not worth knowing. for it is not worth knowing. for it is not worth knowing. for it is not worth knowing. keep dark about it—that was excellent advice—for comparatively comparatively, I say, it is a deed of darkness and will not constitute you a child of light. Rescue the drowning and tie your shoe-strings. Take your time, and set about some free labor. Rescue the drowning and tie your shoe-strings. Take your time, and set about some free labor. Rescue the drowning and tie your shoe-strings. Take your time, and set about some free labor.
110a
Economy 110a written: G

(Ronald Clapper)
Our manners have been corrupted by communication with the saints. Our hymn-books resound with a melodious cursing of God and enduring him forever. One would say that even the prophets and redeemers had rather consoled the fears than confirmed the hopes of man. There is nowhere recorded a simple and irrepressible satisfaction with the gift of life, any memorable praise of God. 110b
Economy 110b written: A rewritten: E
A: Economy 110b follows Economy 108b and precedes Economy 109a.
E: If, then, we would indeed restore mankind … and well as Nature herself, which was omitted in the original copying, was interlined in pencil.

(Ronald Clapper)
All health and success does me good, however far off and withdrawn it may appear; all disease and failure helps to make me sad and does me evil, however much sympathy it may have with me or I with it. All health and success does me good, however far off and withdrawn it may appear; all disease and failure helps to make me sad and does me evil, however much sympathy it may have with me or I with it. All health and success does me good, however far off and withdrawn it may appear; all disease and failure helps to make me sad and does me evil, however much sympathy it may have with me or I with it. All health and success does me good, however far off and withdrawn it may appear; all disease and failure helps to make me sad and does me evil, however much sympathy it may have with me or I with it. All health and success does me good, however far off and withdrawn it may appear; all disease and failure helps to make me sad and does me evil, however much sympathy it may have with me or I with it. All health and success does me good, however far off and withdrawn it may appear; all disease and failure helps to make me sad and does me evil, however much sympathy it may have with me or I with it. All health and success does me good, however far off and withdrawn it may appear; all disease and failure helps to make me sad and does me evil, however much sympathy it may have with me or I with it. If, then, then, then, then, then, then, then, we would indeed reform restore restore restore restore restore restore restore mankind by truly Indian, botanic, magnetic, or natural means, let us strive first to be first be first be first be first be first be first be first be as simple and well as Nature ourselves. Let us ourselves. Let us ourselves. Let us ourselves. Let us ourselves. Let us ourselves, ourselves, ourselves, It is rare that we are able to impart wealth to our fellows, and do not surround them with our own castoff griefs as an atmosphere, and name it sympathy. dispel the clouds which hang over our own brows, and take up a little life into our pores. Do not stay to be an overseer of the poor, but endeavor to become one of the worthies of the world. dispel the clouds which hang over our own brows, and take up a little life into our pores. Do not stay to be an overseer of the poor, but endeavor to become one of the worthies of the world. dispel the clouds which hang over our own brows, and take up a little life into our pores. Do not stay to be an overseer of the poor, but endeavor to become one of the worthies of the world. dispel the clouds which hang over our own brows, and take up a little life into our pores. Do not stay to be an overseer of the poor, but endeavor to become one of the worthies of the world. dispel the clouds which hang over our own brows, and take up a little life into our pores. Do not stay to be an overseer of the poor, but endeavor to become one of the worthies of the world. dispel the clouds which hang over our own brows, and take up a little life into our pores. Do not stay to be an overseer of the poor, but endeavor to become one of the worthies of the world. dispel the clouds which hang over our own brows, and take up a little life into our pores. Do not stay to be an overseer of the poor, but endeavor to become one of the worthies of the world.
111
Economy 111 written: A

(Ronald Clapper)
For my own part I would fain be azad or free like the green cypress tree—I I I I I I I I read in the Gulistan, or Flower Garden, of Sheik Sadi of Shiraz, that “They asked a wise man, saying: Of the many celebrated trees which the Most High God has created lofty and umbrageous, they call none azad, or free, excepting the cypress, which bears no fruit; what mystery is there in this? He replied; Each has its appropriate produce, and appointed season, during the continuance of which it is fresh and blooming, and during their absence dry and withered; to neither of which states is the cypress exposed, being always flourishing; and of this nature are the azads, or religious independents.—Fix not thy heart on that which is transitory; for the Dijlah, or Tigris, will continue to flow through Bagdad after the race of caliphs is extinct: if thy hand has plenty, be liberal as the date tree; but if it affords nothing to give away, be an azad, or free man, like the cypress.”
COMPLEMENTAL VERSES.
n
Note: Added on a leaf that does not belong to any of the seven major groups. (R. Clapper)
The Pretensions of Poverty. n
Note: In Carew’s Coelum Britannicum Mercury makes this reply to the (R. Clapper)
 
“Thou dost presume too much, poor needy wretch,
 
To claim a station in the firmament,
 
Because thy humble cottage, or thy tub,
 
Nurses some lazy or pedantic virtue
 
In the cheap sunshine or by shady springs,
 
With roots and pot-herbs; where thy right hand,
 
Tearing those humane passions from the mind,
 
Upon whose stocks fair blooming virtues flourish,
 
Degradeth nature, and benumbeth sense,
 
And, Gorgon-like, turns active men to stone.
 
We not require the dull society
 
Of your necessitated temperance,
 
Or that unnatural stupidity
 
That knows nor joy nor sorrow; nor your forc’d
 
Falsely exalted passive fortitude
 
Above the active. This low abject brood,
 
That fix their seats in mediocrity,
 
Become your servile minds; but we advance
 
Such virtues only as admit excess,
 
Brave, bounteous acts, regal magnificence,
 
All-seeing prudence, magnanimity
 
That knows no bound, and that heroic virtue
 
For which antiquity hath left no name,
 
But patterns only, such as Hercules,
 
Achilles, Theseus. Back to thy loath’d cell;
 
And when thou seest the new enlightened sphere,
 
Study to know but what those worthies were.”
T. CAREW
XVersion
Economy n
Note: There is no chapter title. The leaves of the manuscript are numbered from 1 to 51 in the upper right hand corner of the recto of each odd-numbered leaf. Several unnumbered leaves were added after or deleted before the pages were numbered. (R. Clapper)
n
Note: The chapter title was inserted at the top of the leaf in C that contains the opening paragraph. The combined leaves of B and C are numbered from 1 to 123 in the upper right hand corner of the recto of each odd-numbered leaf. Several unnumbered leaves were deleted from the manuscript before the pages were numbered. A few leaves from A were not recopied but inserted among the leaves of B-C and renumbered to fit the new sequence. A half-dozen leaves from the early stages of D were also numbered to fit the sequence. (R. Clapper)
1
Economy 1 written: C

(Ronald Clapper)
At the time When I wrote the following pages were written or rather the bulk of them, When I wrote the following pages, or rather the bulk of them, When I wrote the following pages, or rather the bulk of them, When I wrote the following pages, or rather the bulk of them, When I wrote the following pages, or rather the bulk of them, When I wrote the following pages, or rather the bulk of them, I lived alone, in the woods, a mile from any neighbor, in a house of my own building which I had built myself, which I had built myself, which I had built myself, which I had built myself, which I had built myself, which I had built myself, on the shore of Walden Pond, in Concord, Massachusetts, and earned my living by the labor of my hands exclusively only. only. only. only. only. only. I lived there two years and two months. At present I am a sojourner in civilized life again.
2a
Economy 2a written: A rewritten: C, C

(Ronald Clapper)
I should not presume to talk so much about myself and my affairs as I shall in this lecture book work book presume to talk so much about myself and my affairs as I shall in this lecture book work book obtrude myself and my affairs so much on the notice of my readers obtrude my affairs so much on the notice of my readers obtrude my affairs so much on the notice of my readers obtrude my affairs so much on the notice of my readers obtrude my affairs so much on the notice of my readers obtrude my affairs so much on the notice of my readers if very particular and personal particular particular particular particular particular particular particular inquiries had not been made by my townsmen by my townsmen by my townsmen by my townsmen by my townsmen by my townsmen concerning my mode of life, what what what which which which which which which some would call impertinent, but they are by no means impertinent to me, but on the contrary very natural and pertinent, considering the circumstances . but they are by no means impertinent to me, but on the contrary very natural and pertinent, considering the circumstances . though they do not appear to me at all impertinent to me, but on the contrary considering the circumstances very natural and pertinent , considering the circumstances. though they do not appear to me at all impertinent, but, considering the circumstances, very natural and pertinent. though they do not appear to me at all impertinent, but, considering the circumstances, very natural and pertinent. though they do not appear to me at all impertinent, but, considering the circumstances, very natural and pertinent. though they do not appear to me at all impertinent, but, considering the circumstances, very natural and pertinent. though they do not appear to me at all impertinent, but, considering the circumstances, very natural and pertinent. Some have wished to know wished to know wished to know asked asked asked asked asked asked what I got to eat; if I did not feel kind o’ lonesome; kind o’ lonesome; kind o’ lonesome; lonesome; lonesome; lonesome; lonesome; lonesome; if I was not afraid—what I should do if I were taken sick; afraid—what I should do if I were taken sick; afraid—what I should do if I were taken sick; afraid afraid afraid afraid afraid and the like. Others have been inquisitive to know curious to learn curious to learn curious to learn curious to learn curious to learn curious to learn curious to learn what portion of my income I devoted to charitable purposes; and and and and and and and and some, who have large families, how many poor children I maintained. Some have not come to my house because I lived there. Others have come—Because I lived there—and others again, Because I lived there. After I lectured here to my townsmen last winter I heard that some had expected that I would answer some of these questions in my lecture. maintained. maintained. maintained. maintained. maintained. maintained. maintained. So I must ask all strangers and all who have little or no interest in me in this audience among my readers So I must ask all strangers and all who have little or no interest in me in this audience among my readers So I will therefore ask all strangers, and those of my readers who feel no interest in me among my readers I will therefore ask those of my readers who feel no particular interest in me I will therefore ask those of my readers who feel no particular interest in me I will therefore ask those of my readers who feel no particular interest in me I will therefore ask those of my readers who feel no particular interest in me I will therefore ask those of my readers who feel no particular interest in me to pardon me if I undertake to answer them in part now. I warn you that I shall brag a good deal more than is according to the rules of good taste—shall brag for you as well as for myself—trusting that God will grant me an eternity to fulfill some things in. Taste and I parted company long ago. them in part now. I warn you that I shall brag a good deal more than is according to the rules of good taste—shall brag for you as well as for myself—trusting that God will grant me an eternity to fulfill some things in. Taste and I parted company long ago. r
Revision note: C1: these questions in part now. I warn you that I shall brag a good deal more than is according to the received rules of good taste—shall brag for you as well as for myself.
some of these questions in part now this book.
some of these questions in this book. some of these questions in this book. some of these questions in this book. some of these questions in this book. some of these questions in this book.
In most lectures or and stories books lectures or and stories books r
Revision note: C1: lectures and books
books, and lectures
books, books, books, books, books,
the I , or first person, is omitted; in this it will be inserted inserted r
Revision note: C1: inserted
inserted retained;
retained; retained; retained; retained; retained;
that, in respect to egotism, is the main difference. We are not apt to are not apt to r
Revision note: C1: are not apt to do not usually
commonly do not usually
commonly do not commonly do not commonly do not commonly do not commonly do not
remember that it is, after all, always the first person that is speaking. 2b
Economy 2b written: B rewritten: C, C
B: I should not talk so much … narrowness of my experience was interlined in pencil in B, copied in C and recopied when a fair copy was made of all of Economy 2b.

(Ronald Clapper)
I should not talk so much about myself if there were any body else whom I knew as well. I am unluckily Unfortunately I am unluckily Unfortunately, I am Unfortunately, I am Unfortunately, I am Unfortunately, I am Unfortunately, I am confined to this theme by the narrowness of my experience. I, Moreover I for my own part, Moreover, I, on my side, Moreover, I, on my side, Moreover, I, on my side, Moreover, I, on my side, Moreover, I, on my side, require of a writer or lecturer that he give me, a every writer that he give me, every writer, first or last, every writer, first or last, every writer, first or last, every writer, first or last, every writer, first or last, a simple and sincere account of his own life, what he has done and thought, whatever that may have been and not so much and not so much rather than and not merely and not merely and not merely and not merely and not merely what he has heard of other men’s lives; some such account as he would send to his kindred from a distant land; and and for for for for for for if he has lived sincerely, it must have been in a distant land to me, —describing even his outward circumstances and what adventures he has had, as well as his thoughts and feelings about them—I want him to that he give me that which is most precious to him, not his life’s blood but even that for which his life’s blood circulated—what he has got by living. If anything has yielded him pure pleasure or instruction, let him communicate it. Let the money-getter tell us how much he loves wealth, and what means he takes to accumulate it. He must describe those facts which he knows and loves better than any body else— He must should not write on Foreign Missions. The mechanic will naturally write about his trade, the farmer about his farm, and every man about that which he, compared to other men, understands better than other men others. Yet incredible mistakes are made. I have heard an owl lecture with a perverse show of learning upon on the solar microscope, and Chanticlere upon on nebulous stars, when both ought to should naturally have been sound asleep, the one in a hollow tree, the other upon his roost. me—describing even his outward circumstances and what adventures he has had, as well as his thoughts and feelings about them. If anything has yielded him pleasure or instruction, let him communicate it. Let the money-getter when he takes up the pen tell us how he loves wealth, and what means he takes to accumulate it. He should not write on Foreign Missions. The mechanic will naturally write about his trade, the farmer about his farm, and every man about that which he understands better than others —that is, his own affairs. Yet incredible mistakes are made. I have heard an owl lecture with a perverse show of learning on the solar microscope, and Chanticlere on nebulous stars, when both should naturally have been sound asleep, the one in a hollow tree, the other upon his roost me. me. me. me. me. 2c
Economy 2c written: A rewritten: B, C, C
C: Two fair copies were made of Economy 2c.

(Ronald Clapper)
Perhaps this lecture book is this n
Note: space left blank during original copying (R. Clapper)
lecture is
r
Revision note: C1: this lecture volume is
this volume is these pages are
these pages are these pages are these pages are these pages are these pages are
more particularly addressed to the class of poor students. the class of poor students. r
Revision note: C1: the class of poor students.
the class of poor students
poor students. poor students. poor students. poor students. poor students.
As for the rest of my audience readers, n
Note: space left blank during original copying (R. Clapper)
audience,
audience readers, readers, readers, readers, readers, readers,
they will accept such r
Revision note: C1: portions of it
portions of it
r
Revision note: C1: portions of it
portions of it
r
Revision note: C1: portions of it
portions of it
portions portions portions portions portions
as apply to them. I trust that none will stretch the seams in putting on the coat, for it may be of be of r
Revision note: C1: be of
be of do
do do do do do
good service to him whom it fits.
3a
Economy 3a written: C rewritten: C

(Ronald Clapper)
I wish to would fain would fain would fain would fain would fain would fain say something, not so much concerning the Chinese and Sandwich Islanders r
Revision note: C1: as concerning
as concerning
as as as as as
you who n
Note: space left blank during original copying (R. Clapper)
hear this lecture read this book read these pages,
read these pages, read these pages, read these pages, read these pages, read these pages,
who are said to live in New England; something about your condition, especially your outward condition or circumstances in this world, in this n
Note: space left blank during original copying (R. Clapper)
city town,
town, town, town, town, town,
what it is, whether it is necessary that it r
Revision note: C1: should be
should be
be be be be be
as bad as it is, whether it cannot be improved as well as not. 3b
Economy 3b written: A rewritten: B, C
B & C: A fair copy was made of only I have travelled … hanging suspended, with their heads.
B: A fair copy was apparently made of the rest of Economy 3b and Economy 4 on a leaf (#7) now missing.

(Ronald Clapper)
I have travelled a good deal in Concord; and every where, in shops, and offices, and fields, the inhabitants have seemed seemed seemed appeared appeared appeared appeared appeared appeared to me to be doing penance in a thousand curious curious curious remarkable remarkable remarkable remarkable remarkable remarkable ways. What I had have have have have have have have have heard of Brahmins standing on one leg on the tops of pillars, looking in the face of the sun, dwelling at the roots of trees sitting exposed to four fires or hanging suspended with their heads downward over flames or looking at the heavens over their shoulders “until it is becomes impossible for them to resume their natural position, while from the twist of the neck nothing but liquids can pass into the stomach” or dwelling chained for life at the foot of a tree or measuring with their bodies like caterpillars the breadth of a vast empire or of devotees standing on one leg on the tops of pillars—even these forms of conscious penance are not more incredible and astonishing than the scenes which I daily witness. sitting exposed to four fires and looking in the face of the sun; or hanging suspended, with their heads downward, over flames; or looking at the heavens over their shoulders “until it becomes impossible for them to resume their natural position, while from the twist of the neck nothing but liquids can pass into the stomach;” or dwelling, chained for life, at the foot of a tree; or measuring with their bodies, like caterpillars, the breadth of vast empires; or standing on one leg on the tops of pillars,—even these forms of conscious penance are hardly more incredible and astonishing than the scenes which I daily witness. sitting exposed to four fires and looking in the face of the sun; or hanging suspended, with their heads downward, over flames; or looking at the heavens over their shoulders “until it becomes impossible for them to resume their natural position, while from the twist of the neck nothing but liquids can pass into the stomach;” or dwelling, chained for life, at the foot of a tree; or measuring with their bodies, like caterpillars, the breadth of vast empires; or standing on one leg on the tops of pillars,—even these forms of conscious penance are hardly more incredible and astonishing than the scenes which I daily witness. sitting exposed to four fires and looking in the face of the sun; or hanging suspended, with their heads downward, over flames; or looking at the heavens over their shoulders “until it becomes impossible for them to resume their natural position, while from the twist of the neck nothing but liquids can pass into the stomach;” or dwelling, chained for life, at the foot of a tree; or measuring with their bodies, like caterpillars, the breadth of vast empires; or standing on one leg on the tops of pillars,—even these forms of conscious penance are hardly more incredible and astonishing than the scenes which I daily witness. sitting exposed to four fires and looking in the face of the sun; or hanging suspended, with their heads downward, over flames; or looking at the heavens over their shoulders “until it becomes impossible for them to resume their natural position, while from the twist of the neck nothing but liquids can pass into the stomach;” or dwelling, chained for life, at the foot of a tree; or measuring with their bodies, like caterpillars, the breadth of vast empires; or standing on one leg on the tops of pillars,—even these forms of conscious penance are hardly more incredible and astonishing than the scenes which I daily witness. sitting exposed to four fires and looking in the face of the sun; or hanging suspended, with their heads downward, over flames; or looking at the heavens over their shoulders “until it becomes impossible for them to resume their natural position, while from the twist of the neck nothing but liquids can pass into the stomach;” or dwelling, chained for life, at the foot of a tree; or measuring with their bodies, like caterpillars, the breadth of vast empires; or standing on one leg on the tops of pillars,—even these forms of conscious penance are hardly more incredible and astonishing than the scenes which I daily witness. sitting exposed to four fires and looking in the face of the sun; or hanging suspended, with their heads downward, over flames; or looking at the heavens over their shoulders “until it becomes impossible for them to resume their natural position, while from the twist of the neck nothing but liquids can pass into the stomach;” or dwelling, chained for life, at the foot of a tree; or measuring with their bodies, like caterpillars, the breadth of vast empires; or standing on one leg on the tops of pillars,—even these forms of conscious penance are hardly more incredible and astonishing than the scenes which I daily witness. sitting exposed to four fires and looking in the face of the sun; or hanging suspended, with their heads downward, over flames; or looking at the heavens over their shoulders “until it becomes impossible for them to resume their natural position, while from the twist of the neck nothing but liquids can pass into the stomach;” or dwelling, chained for life, at the foot of a tree; or measuring with their bodies, like caterpillars, the breadth of vast empires; or standing on one leg on the tops of pillars,—even these forms of conscious penance are hardly more incredible and astonishing than the scenes which I daily witness. even the The The The The The The The twelve labors of Hercules are nothing in comparison with those which my neighbors have undertaken; were trifling in comparison with those which my neighbors have undertaken; were trifling in comparison with those which my neighbors have undertaken; were trifling in comparison with those which my neighbors have undertaken; were trifling in comparison with those which my neighbors have undertaken; were trifling in comparison with those which my neighbors have undertaken; were trifling in comparison with those which my neighbors have undertaken; were trifling in comparison with those which my neighbors have undertaken; for they were only twelve, and had an end; but I could never see that these men slew or captured any monster or finished any labor. They have no friend Iolas to burn with a hot iron the root of the hydra’s head, but as soon as one head is crushed, two spring up.
4
Economy 4 written: A

(Ronald Clapper)
I see young men, my townsmen, whose misfortune it is to have inherited farms, houses, barns, cattle, and farming tools; for these are easier more easily more easily more easily more easily more easily more easily more easily more easily acquired than got rid of. Better if they had been born in the open pasture and suckled by a wolf, that they might have seen with clear eye clearer eyes clearer eyes clearer eyes clearer eyes clearer eyes clearer eyes clearer eyes what field they were called to labor in. Who made them serfs of the soil? Why should they eat their sixty acres, when man is condemned to eat only his peck of dirt? Why should they begin digging their graves as soon as they are born? They have got to live a man’s life, pushing all these things before them , or farm with all its fixtures therein them , or farm with all its fixtures therein them, them, them, them, them, them, and get on as well as they can. How many a poor immortal soul have I met well nigh crushed and smothered under its load, creeping down the road of life, pushing before it a barn seventy-five feet by four, its Augean stables never cleansed, and one hundred acres of land, tillage, mowing, pasture, and wood-lot! How many a poor immortal soul have I met well nigh crushed and smothered under its load, creeping down the road of life, pushing before it a barn seventy-five feet by four, its Augean stables never cleansed, and one hundred acres of land, tillage, mowing, pasture, and wood-lot! How many a poor immortal soul have I met well nigh crushed and smothered under its load, creeping down the road of life, pushing before it a barn seventy-five feet by four, its Augean stables never cleansed, and one hundred acres of land, tillage, mowing, pasture, and wood-lot! How many a poor immortal soul have I met well nigh crushed and smothered under its load, creeping down the road of life, pushing before it a barn seventy-five feet by four, its Augean stables never cleansed, and one hundred acres of land, tillage, mowing, pasture, and wood-lot! How many a poor immortal soul have I met well nigh crushed and smothered under its load, creeping down the road of life, pushing before it a barn seventy-five feet by four, its Augean stables never cleansed, and one hundred acres of land, tillage, mowing, pasture, and wood-lot! How many a poor immortal soul have I met well nigh crushed and smothered under its load, creeping down the road of life, pushing before it a barn seventy-five feet by four, its Augean stables never cleansed, and one hundred acres of land, tillage, mowing, pasture, and wood-lot! How many a poor immortal soul have I met well nigh crushed and smothered under its load, creeping down the road of life, pushing before it a barn seventy-five feet by four, its Augean stables never cleansed, and one hundred acres of land, tillage, mowing, pasture, and wood-lot! The portionless, who struggle with no such unnecessary inherited outward unnecessary inherited unnecessary inherited unnecessary inherited unnecessary inherited unnecessary inherited unnecessary inherited unnecessary inherited encumbrances, find it labor enough to subdue and cultivate a few cubic feet of flesh.
5a
Economy 5a written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
But men labor under a mistake. The better part of the man is soon ploughed into the soil for compost. By an apparent fate, soon an apparent a seeming fate, soon commonly a seeming fate, commonly a seeming fate, commonly a seeming fate, commonly a seeming fate, commonly a seeming fate, commonly a seeming fate, commonly called necessity, they are employed, as it says in an old book, laying up treasures which moth and rust will corrupt and thieves break through and steal. It is a fool’s life, as they will find when they get to the end of it, if not before. if not before. if not before. if not before. if not before. if not before. 5b
Economy 5b written: C
C: Economy 5b was added on a partial leaf. Inde genus durum sumus … not seeing where they fell was interlined.

(Ronald Clapper)
It is said that It is said that It is said that It is said that It is said that It is said that Deucalion and Pyrrha created men by throwing stones over their heads behind them. Thence we are a hard race and inured to labor; and give evidence from what origin we have sprung. But that was not the best way to create men—or rather, they were not the best kind of men to create nor the best material to create men out of. They might, at least, have seen where they threw the stones. According to Ovid :— them:— them:— them:— them:— them:—
 
Inde genus durum sumus, experiensque laborum,
 
Et documenta damus quâ simus origine nati.
Or, as Sir Walter Raleigh Raleigh Raleigh Raleigh Raleigh Raleigh rhymes it in his sonorous way ,— in his sonorous way,— in his sonorous way,— in his sonorous way,— in his sonorous way,— in his sonorous way,—
 
“From thence our kind hard-hearted is, enduring pain and care,
 
Approving that our bodies of a stony nature are.”
But perhaps they did not rightly interpret the oracle which directed them to cast behind them the bones of their grandmothers—by which may have been signified it may have meant the institutions of the dead. At any rate, men must be recreated after a different fashion. They might at least have seen where they threw the stones. So much for a stupid blind obedience to a blind blundering oracle So much for a blind obedience to a blundering oracle, throwing the stones over their heads behind them, and not seeing where they fell. So much for a blind obedience to a blundering oracle, throwing the stones over their heads behind them, and not seeing where they fell. So much for a blind obedience to a blundering oracle, throwing the stones over their heads behind them, and not seeing where they fell. So much for a blind obedience to a blundering oracle, throwing the stones over their heads behind them, and not seeing where they fell. So much for a blind obedience to a blundering oracle, throwing the stones over their heads behind them, and not seeing where they fell.
6
Economy 6 written: A rewritten: B
A & B: The finest qualities of our nature … one another thus tenderly does not appear in A or in the original copying of B but was interlined in B.

(Ronald Clapper)
Most men, even in this comparatively free country, even in this comparatively free country, even in this comparatively free country, even in this comparatively free country, even in this comparatively free country, even in this comparatively free country, even in this comparatively free country, even in this comparatively free country, through mere ignorance and mistake, are so occupied with the factitious cares and superfluously superfluously superfluously superfluously superfluously superfluously superfluously superfluously coarse labors of life that its finer fruits cannot be plucked by them. Their fingers, from excessive toil, are too clumsy and tremble too much for that. The finest qualities of our nature are as difficult to preserve as the down on a peach. Their fingers, from excessive toil, are too clumsy and tremble too much for that. Their fingers, from excessive toil, are too clumsy and tremble too much for that. Their fingers, from excessive toil, are too clumsy and tremble too much for that. Their fingers, from excessive toil, are too clumsy and tremble too much for that. Their fingers, from excessive toil, are too clumsy and tremble too much for that. Their fingers, from excessive toil, are too clumsy and tremble too much for that. Their fingers, from excessive toil, are too clumsy and tremble too much for that. Actually, the laboring man has not leisure for a lofty and serene lofty and serene high true true true true true true true integrity day by day; he cannot afford to sustain the noblest relations; truest and noblest manliest relations to men manliest relations to men; manliest relations to men; manliest relations to men; manliest relations to men; manliest relations to men; manliest relations to men; his labor would depreciate depreciate be depreciated be depreciated be depreciated be depreciated be depreciated be depreciated be depreciated in the market. He has no time to be any thing but a machine. How can he remember well his ignorance— and this which which which which which which which which his growth requires—who has so often to use his knowledge? We should feed and clothe and recruit him with our cordials before we judge of him We should feed and clothe him gratuitously sometimes and recruit him with our cordials before we judge of him. We should feed and clothe him gratuitously sometimes, and recruit him with our cordials, before we judge of him. We should feed and clothe him gratuitously sometimes, and recruit him with our cordials, before we judge of him. We should feed and clothe him gratuitously sometimes, and recruit him with our cordials, before we judge of him. We should feed and clothe him gratuitously sometimes, and recruit him with our cordials, before we judge of him. We should feed and clothe him gratuitously sometimes, and recruit him with our cordials, before we judge of him. We should feed and clothe him gratuitously sometimes, and recruit him with our cordials, before we judge of him. The finest qualities of our nature, like the bloom on fruits, can be preserved only by the most delicate handling. But Yet But Yet Yet Yet Yet Yet Yet Yet we do not treat ourselves nor one another thus tenderly.
7
Economy 7 written: A rewritten: B, C
C: A fair copy was made of only curry favor, to get custom … no matter how much or how little.

(Ronald Clapper)
Some of you who hear me who read this, you, you, you, you, you, you, you, we all know, are poor, find it hard to live, are sometimes, as it were, gasping for breath. I have no doubt that some of you who are here tonight read this n
Note: space left blank during original copying (R. Clapper)
read this book
read this book read this book read this book read this book read this book read this book
are unable to pay for all the dinners which which which which which which which you have actually eaten, or for the coats and shoes which are fast wearing or are are are are are are are are already worn out, and have come here to this page n
Note: space left blank during original copying (R. Clapper)
to this page
to this page to this page to this page to this page to this page to this page
to spend borrowed time, borrowed stolen time, which is not your own, borrowed or stolen time, borrowed or stolen time, borrowed or stolen time, borrowed or stolen time, borrowed or stolen time, borrowed or stolen time, robbing your creditors of an hour. It is very evident what mean and sneaking lives many of you live, for I have had some experience of it myself for my sight is whetted by experience; for my sight has been whetted by experience; for my sight has been whetted by experience; for my sight has been whetted by experience; for my sight has been whetted by experience; for my sight has been whetted by experience; for my sight has been whetted by experience; for my sight has been whetted by experience; always on the limits, trying to get into business and trying to get out of debt, a very ancient slough, called by the Latins, æs alienum , another’s brass, for some of their coins were made of brass; still living, and dying, and buried by this other’s brass though some of you it must be allowed have enough of the brass of irreverence of your own to live by; brass; brass; brass; brass; brass; brass; brass; always promising to pay, promising to pay, to-morrow, and dying to-day, insolvent; seeking to curry favor, to get custom, by how many modes, only not state-prison offences; lying, flattering, voting, contracting yourselves into a nutshell of civility, or dilating into an atmosphere of thin and vaporous generosity, that you may persuade your neighbor to let you make his shoes, or his hat, or his coat, or his carriage, or import his groceries for him; making yourselves sick, that you may lay up something against a sick day, something to be tucked away in an old chest, or in a stocking behind the plastering, or, more safely, in the brick or the stone brick or the stone brick brick brick brick brick brick bank; no matter where, no matter how much or how little.
8a
Economy 8a written: A rewritten: B, C, D

(Ronald Clapper)
I sometimes wonder how how how that that that that that that we can be so frivolous, almost, almost, almost I may almost say, I may almost say, I may almost say, I may almost say, I may almost say, I may almost say, as to attend to the gross form of form of form of but somewhat foreign form of servitude called but somewhat foreign form of servitude called but somewhat foreign form of servitude called but somewhat foreign form of servitude called but somewhat foreign form of servitude called but somewhat foreign form of servitude called Negro Slavery, there are so many keen and subtle masters that enslave both north and south. It is bad bad hard hard hard hard hard hard to have a southern overseer; it is worse to have a northern one; but worst of all when you are yourself the slave-driver. yourself the slave-driver the slave-driver of yourself. the slave-driver of yourself. the slave-driver of yourself. the slave-driver of yourself. the slave-driver of yourself. the slave-driver of yourself. the slave-driver of yourself. Ancient books, and some modern ones, talk of a divinity in man. Talk of a divinity in man! Talk of a divinity in man! Talk of a divinity in man! Talk of a divinity in man! Talk of a divinity in man! Talk of a divinity in man! Talk of a divinity in man! Look at the teamster on the highway, wending to market by day or night; Is he a son of the morning—fearless because immortal—greeting the sun and stars as his fellows and bounding with youthful & elastic steps over his mother earth? How much of divinity is there in him? Is he a son of the morning—fearless because immortal—greeting the sun and stars as his fellows, and bounding with youthful and elastic steps over his mother Earth? How much of divinity is there in him? does the divinity stir in within him. He rolls out of his cradle into a Tom & Jerry & goes at once to look after his team to fodder and water his horses without standing agape at his position. What are life immortal and the destiny of man compared with the shipping interests? What does he care for his creator, doesn’t he drive for Squire Make a stir? does any divinity stir within him? He rolls out of his cradle into a Tom-and-Jerry, and goes at once to look after his team For the most part he knows no higher duty than His highest duty to fodder and water his horses without standing agape at his position He is not half horse, half something more; he is merely a horse and a half to the others . What are life immortal and the destiny of man is his destiny to him compared with the shipping interests? What does he care for his creator? Does not he drive for Squire Make-a-stir? does any divinity stir within him? His highest duty to fodder and water his horses! What is his destiny to him compared with the shipping interests? Does not he drive for Squire Make-a-stir? does any divinity stir within him? His highest duty to fodder and water his horses! What is his destiny to him compared with the shipping interests? Does not he drive for Squire Make-a-stir? does any divinity stir within him? His highest duty to fodder and water his horses! What is his destiny to him compared with the shipping interests? Does not he drive for Squire Make-a-stir? does any divinity stir within him? His highest duty to fodder and water his horses! What is his destiny to him compared with the shipping interests? Does not he drive for Squire Make-a-stir? does any divinity stir within him? His highest duty to fodder and water his horses! What is his destiny to him compared with the shipping interests? Does not he drive for Squire Make-a-stir? How godlike, how immortal, is he? Very like a God! He feels so cheap that he could lick the dust under his feet. is he? Very like a god! is he? is he? is he? is he? is he? is he? See how he cowers and sneaks, how vaguely and indefinitely vaguely and indefinitely vaguely and indefinitely vaguely vaguely vaguely vaguely vaguely all the day he fears, not being immortal nor divine, but the slave and prisoner of his own opinion of himself, a fame won by his own deeds. Public opinion is a weak tyrant compared with our own our own our own our own our own our own private opinion. What a man thinks of himself, that it is which determines determines, or rather indicates, determines, or rather indicates, determines, or rather indicates, determines, or rather indicates, determines, or rather indicates, determines, or rather indicates, determines, or rather indicates, his fate. Self-emancipation even in the West Indian provinces of the fancy and imagination,—what Wilberforce is there to bring that about? Self-emancipation even in the West Indian provinces of the fancy and imagination, —what Wilberforce is there to bring that about? Self-emancipation even in the West Indian provinces of the fancy and imagination, —what Wilberforce is there to bring that about? Self-emancipation even in the West Indian provinces of the fancy and imagination, —what Wilberforce is there to bring that about? Self-emancipation even in the West Indian provinces of the fancy and imagination, —what Wilberforce is there to bring that about? Self-emancipation even in the West Indian provinces of the fancy and imagination, —what Wilberforce is there to bring that about? Self-emancipation even in the West Indian provinces of the fancy and imagination, —what Wilberforce is there to bring that about? 8b
Economy 8b written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
And Think also of Think, also, of Think, also, of Think, also, of Think, also, of the ladies of the land weaving toilet cushions against the last day, not to betray too green an interest in their fates! As if you could kill time without injuring eternity.
9a
Economy 9a written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
The mass of mankind men men men men men lead lives of quiet desperation. What is called resignation is confirmed desperation. From the desperate city you go into the desperate country, and have to console yourself with the bravery of minks and muskrats. 9b
Economy 9b written: D
D: Economy 9b precedes Economy 9a.

(Ronald Clapper)
A stereotyped but unconscious despair is concealed even even even even even under what are called the games and amusements of mankind. There is no play in them, for this comes after work.I remember to have met once a particularly wretched man in our own streets, asking for a lodging, whom it was almost no pleasure to befriend he so was hopeless. He had come all the way from New York on foot, seeking work, but he did not know where he was at any time, only, perchance, that he had travelled thirty miles that day, when three would have done as well. He thought that he had seriously injured himself by lying out, but he was more seriously injured before. He could do work about a stable, but declared in a disconsolate voice, that there was no work for him, as if the fates had a spite against him. I saw by his face that he was only a more desperate man than usual, whose whole life was a crime, who was endeavoring to escape from himself, but for once, derived no amusement from the method which he had chosen. He thought that nobody wished to employ him nor would respect him, because he knew that he was unworthy to be employed, and did not respect himself; and thus he had come two hundred and fifty miles in a straight line, with desperate steps, offering himself, with a down look, anticipating failure, to do stable work at such stable yards as this path happened to intersect, doing his part as he would fain have believed, toward getting work; but the truth was, he merely wished to convince the fates that he was willing to do his part, when he was not. And so, judging from his direction, he would go on, if his constitution held out, to the Gulf of St Lawrence, where he would probably jump in. I knew very well that he was not the only man who had not succeeded in getting work. work. work. work. work. But it is the sum of all a characteristic of a characteristic of a characteristic of a characteristic of wisdom not to do desperate things.
10a
Economy 10a written: A rewritten: A, B, D

(Ronald Clapper)
When we consider in the words of the catechism, what what to use the words of the catechism,what what, to use the words of the catechism, what, to use the words of the catechism, what, to use the words of the catechism, what, to use the words of the catechism, what, to use the words of the catechism, what, to use the words of the catechism, is the chief end of man, and what are what are what are what are what are what are what are the true true true true true true true true necessaries and the means means means means means means means means of life, it appears as if men had deliberately chosen this the common the common the common the common the common the common the common the common mode of living preferring preferring because they preferred because they preferred because they preferred because they preferred because they preferred because they preferred it to any other. to any other. to any other. to any other. to any other. to any other. to any other. to any other. but not so; they really think that but not so; they really think that but not so; they really think that Yet not so; they honestly think Yet they honestly think Yet they honestly think Yet they honestly think Yet they honestly think there is no choice left. Butit is not necessarily, it was not always so; But But But But But But But alert and healthy natures remember that the sun rose clear. It is never too late to give up our prejudices. No way of doing or thinking, thinking or doing, thinking or doing, thinking or doing, thinking or doing, thinking or doing, thinking or doing, thinking or doing, however ancient, can be trusted without proof. without proof. without proof. without proof. without proof. without proof. without proof. What every body echoes or in silence passes by as true to-day may turn out to be sheer falsehood sheer falsehood sheer falsehood sheer falsehood falsehood falsehood falsehood falsehood to-morrow, mere smoke of opinion falling back in cinders, opinion falling back in cinders, opinion falling back in cinders, opinion falling back in cinders, opinion, opinion, opinion, opinion, which some had trusted for a cloud that would sprinkle fertile fertile fertile fertile fertilizing fertilizing fertilizing fertilizing fertilizing rain r
Revision note: A1: upon
upon on
on on on on on on on
their fields. What old people say you cannot do you try and find that you can. r
Revision note: A1: Old deeds for old people, and new deeds for new. Old people did not know enough once, perchance, to fetch fresh fuel to keep the fire a-going; new people put a little dry wood under a pot, and are whirled round the globe with the speed of birds, in a way to kill old people, as the phrase is. It is very true that they cannot but the same is very false when affirmed of you it may be that you can. The fact is old people are old and new people are new. Old deeds for old people and new deeds for new. Old people can hardly get upstairs. There are men in Typee who can walk up a tree 60 feet high and bare of branches. Old people did not know enough to fetch new fresh fuel to keep the fire agoing—new people put a little dry wood under a pot and are whirled round the world with the speed of birds
It is very true that they cannot—but it may be very false when affirmed to affirm the same of you. Old deeds for old people and new deeds for new. Old people can hardly walk up stairs,—in Typee the young men can walk up a smooth cocoa-nut tree 60 feet high & bare of branches—Old people did not know enough once to fetch fresh fuel to keep the fire agoing—New people put a little dry wood under a pot and are whirled round the world globe with the speed of birds as the phrase is “in a way to kill old people” ”in a way to kill old people” as the phrase is
Old deeds for old people, and new deeds for new ones. Old people can hardly walk up stairs. In Typee the young men can walk up a smooth cocoa-nut tree sixty feet high and bare of branches. Old people did not know enough once to fetch fresh fuel to keep the fire agoing—New people put a little dry wood under a pot, and are whirled round the globe with the speed of birds, in a way to kill old people, as the phrase is Old deeds for old people, and new deeds for new. Old people did not know enough once, perchance, to fetch fresh fuel to keep the fire a-going; new people put a little dry wood under a pot, and are whirled round the globe with the speed of birds, in a way to kill old people, as the phrase is. Old deeds for old people, and new deeds for new. Old people did not know enough once, perchance, to fetch fresh fuel to keep the fire a-going; new people put a little dry wood under a pot, and are whirled round the globe with the speed of birds, in a way to kill old people, as the phrase is. Old deeds for old people, and new deeds for new. Old people did not know enough once, perchance, to fetch fresh fuel to keep the fire a-going; new people put a little dry wood under a pot, and are whirled round the globe with the speed of birds, in a way to kill old people, as the phrase is. Old deeds for old people, and new deeds for new. Old people did not know enough once, perchance, to fetch fresh fuel to keep the fire a-going; new people put a little dry wood under a pot, and are whirled round the globe with the speed of birds, in a way to kill old people, as the phrase is. Old deeds for old people, and new deeds for new. Old people did not know enough once, perchance, to fetch fresh fuel to keep the fire a-going; new people put a little dry wood under a pot, and are whirled round the globe with the speed of birds, in a way to kill old people, as the phrase is. Old deeds for old people, and new deeds for new. Old people did not know enough once, perchance, to fetch fresh fuel to keep the fire a-going; new people put a little dry wood under a pot, and are whirled round the globe with the speed of birds, in a way to kill old people, as the phrase is.
r
Revision note: A1: Age seems
Age seems
Age seems Age is Age is Age is Age is Age is Age is
no better, hardly so well, qualified for an instructor as youth, for it has not profited so much as it has lost. Men have left off rum safely and imprisoning for debt, and chattel slavery in some places, and several other things, but they are not inclined to leave off hanging men because they have not got accustomed to that way of thinking. lost. lost. lost. lost. lost. lost. lost. 10b
Economy 10b written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
One may almost doubt if the wisest man has learned any thing of absolute value by living. Practically, the old have no very important advice to give the young, their own experience has been so partial, and their lives have been such miserable failures, for private reasons, as they must believe; and it may be that they have some faith left which belies that experience, and they are only less young than they were. 10c
Economy 10c written: D
D: Economy 10c and Economy 14 were added on the verso of a separate leaf. The recto of the leaf contains the following: “Architectural remains are beautiful commonly from association only. The American’s taste for architecture is like his taste for olives & wine & other foreign things. The too exquisitely cultured I avoid as I do the theatre. Their life lacks reality. They offer me wine instead of water. They are surrounded by things which can be bought.”

(Ronald Clapper)
I have lived some thirty odd thirty thirty thirty thirty years on this planet, and I have yet to hear the first syllable of valuable or even earnest advice from my seniors. They have told me nothing, and probably can tell me nothing cannot tell me any thing, cannot tell me any thing, cannot tell me any thing, cannot tell me any thing, cannot tell me any thing, to the purpose. There Here. Here Here Here Here is life, an experiment to to some extent to a great extent to a great extent to a great extent to a great extent to a great extent untried by me; & but but but but but it does not avail me that they have tried it. If I have any valuable experience any experience which I think valuable, any experience which I think valuable, any experience which I think valuable, any experience which I think valuable, any experience which I think valuable, I am sure to reflect that this my Mentors said nothing about.
11
Economy 11 written: A rewritten: B, D
A: Economy 11 was added, along with Economy 13b, on the verso of the partial leaf containing the fair copy of that would sprinkle fertilizing rain … as it has lost of Economy 10a.
B: The middle of a leaf is cut out. One farmer says … in spite of every obstacle should have appeared on the verso of this leaf.
A & B: Economy 11 is followed by Economy 83d.

(Ronald Clapper)
One farmer says to me, farmer says to me, farmer says to me, farmer says to me, farmer says to me, farmer says to me, farmer says to me, farmer says to me, “You cannot live on vegetable food solely, for it furnishes nothing to make bones with;” and so he he he he he he he religiously devotes a part of his day to supplying his system with the raw material of bones; all the while walking all the while he talks walking all the while he talks walking all the while he talks walking all the while he talks walking all the while he talks walking all the while he talks walking all the while he talks walking all the while he talks behind his oxen, whose whose whose who with which with which, with which, with which, with which, with vegetable-made bones, jerk him and his lumbering plough along through in spite of in spite of in spite of in spite of in spite of in spite of in spite of in spite of every obstacle. Some things are really necessaries of life in some circles, the most helpless and diseased, which in others are luxuries merely, and in others still are entirely unknown.
12
Economy 12 written: A rewritten: B, C, D
A & B: Economy 12-13a is preceded by Economy 13c.
C: A fair copy was made of only ends of the fingers … what thou hast left undone.

(Ronald Clapper)
The whole ground of human life seems to some to have been gone over before us by our before us by our before us by our before us by our by their by their by their by their by their predecessors, both the heights and the valleys, and all things to have been cared for. and all things to have been cared for. and all things to have been cared for. and all things to have been cared for. and all things to have been cared for. and all things to have been cared for. and all things to have been cared for. and all things to have been cared for. According to Evelyn, “the wise Solomon prescribed ordinances for the very distances of trees; and the Roman prætors have decided how often you may go into your neighbor’s land to gather the acorns which fall on it without trespass, and what share belongs to that neighbor. According to Evelyn, “the wise Solomon prescribed ordinances for the very distances of trees; and the Roman prætors have decided how often you may go into your neighbor’s land to gather the acorns which fall on it without trespass, and what share belongs to that neighbor. According to Evelyn, “the wise Solomon prescribed ordinances for the very distances of trees; and the Roman prætors have decided how often you may go into your neighbor’s land to gather the acorns which fall on it without trespass, and what share belongs to that neighbor. According to Evelyn, “the wise Solomon prescribed ordinances for the very distances of trees; and the Roman prætors have decided how often you may go into your neighbor’s land to gather the acorns which fall on it without trespass, and what share belongs to that neighbor. According to Evelyn, “the wise Solomon prescribed ordinances for the very distances of trees; and the Roman prætors have decided how often you may go into your neighbor’s land to gather the acorns which fall on it without trespass, and what share belongs to that neighbor. Hippocrates has even left directions how we should cut our nails; that is, even with the ends of the fingers, neither longer nor shorter. longer nor shorter. longer nor shorter nor longer. shorter nor longer. shorter nor longer. shorter nor longer. shorter nor longer. shorter nor longer. Even the Undoubtedly The Undoubtedly the Undoubtedly the Undoubtedly the Undoubtedly the Undoubtedly the Undoubtedly the very tedium and ennui which presumes presumes presumes presume presume presume presume presume presume to have exhausted the variety and the joys of life is is is are are are are are are as old as Adam. But man’s capacities have never been measured; nor are we to judge of what he can do by any precedents, so little has been tried. Whatever have been thy failures hitherto, “be not afflicted, my child, for who shall assign to thee what thou hast left undone? Whatever have been thy failures hitherto, “be not afflicted, my child, for who shall assign to thee what thou hast left undone?” Whatever have been thy failures hitherto, “be not afflicted, my child, for who shall assign to thee what thou hast left undone?” Whatever have been thy failures hitherto, “be not afflicted, my child, for who shall assign to thee what thou hast left undone?” Whatever have been thy failures hitherto, “be not afflicted, my child, for who shall assign to thee what thou hast left undone?” Whatever have been thy failures hitherto, “be not afflicted, my child, for who shall assign to thee what thou hast left undone?”
13a
Economy 13a written: A rewritten: B, C, D

(Ronald Clapper)
We might try our lives by a thousand simple tests greatly to our advantage—by any natural fact—by this, for instance, that tests greatly to our advantage—by this, for instance, that tests; as for instance, that tests; as for instance, that tests; as for instance, that tests; as for instance, that tests; as for instance, that tests; as for instance, that the same sun that that which which which which which which which ripens my beans illumines at once a system of worlds worlds worlds earths earths earths earths earths earths like this this ours. ours. ours. ours. ours. ours. ours. If I had known known remembered remembered remembered remembered remembered remembered remembered this it would have prevented some mistakes. This was not the light in which I hoed them. The stars are the apexes of what singular singular singular wonderful wonderful wonderful wonderful wonderful wonderful triangles! What distant and various natures are perhaps beholding various natures are perhaps beholding different beings in the various mansions of the universe are contemplatingdifferent beings in the various mansions of the universe contemporary with us but for whom we have no name nor thought may be contemplating different beings in the various mansions of the universe may be are contemplating different beings in the various mansions of the universe are contemplating different beings in the various mansions of the universe are contemplating different beings in the various mansions of the universe are contemplating different beings in the various mansions of the universe are contemplating different beings in the various mansions of the universe are contemplating the same one at the same moment! The departing and the arriving spirit—the joyful and the sad—the innocent and happy child, & melancholy suicide, the northern farmer and the southern slave. These are trivial instances. How many yet more distant inhabitants of this universe may be contemplating this yonder fine twinkling star which I behold at the same time instant—an eye in Orion—an eye in Lyra—the eye of omniscience every where itself There is always the possibility of being thus related by our lives with the All & being one with it or of remaining as it were an isolated particle in the universe n
Note: A later version of this passage was interlined in Economy 15. (R. Clapper)
moment! The departing and the arriving spirit—the joyful and the sad—the innocent and happy child, & the melancholy suicide, the northern farmer and the southern slave. These are trivial instances. How many yet infinitely more distant and different beings may be contemplating yonder fine twinkling star point at this moment—an eye in Orion—an eye in Lyra—the eye of omniscience itself. There is always the possibility of being related to the whole by our lives and of being one with it, or of remaining as it were an isolated particle in the universe moment! moment! moment! moment! moment! moment!
13b
Economy 13b written: A rewritten: B, C, D
A & B: Economy 13b, which follows Economy 83d, precedes Economy 12-13a.
A: Economy 13b was added, along with Economy 11, on the verso of the partial leaf containing the fair copy of that would sprinkle fertilizing rain … as it has lost of Economy 10a.

(Ronald Clapper)
Nature and human life are as various as our several experiences, as our constitutions are various several experiences, as our constitutions are various several constitutions are various several constitutions are various several constitutions. several constitutions. several constitutions. several constitutions. Who shall say what prospect life offers to another? Could a greater miracle take place than if we should if we should for us to for us to for us to for us to for us to for us to for us to look through each other’s eyes for an instant? We should live in all the ages of the world in an hour; ay, in all the worlds of the ages. History, Poetry, Mythology!—I know of no reading of another’s experience so ineffably grand ineffably grand startling startling startling startling startling startling startling and startling informing informing informing informing informing informing informing informing as this would be.
14
Economy 14 written: D
D: Economy 14 was added, along with Economy 10c, on the verso of a separate leaf.

(Ronald Clapper)
Almost all that The greater part of what The greater part of what The greater part of what The greater part of what The greater part of what my neighbors call good I believe in my soul to be bad, and if I repent of any thing, it is of very likely to be very likely to be very likely to be very likely to be very likely to be my good behavior. What demon possessed me that I behaved so well? You may say the wisest thing you can old man,—you who have lived seventy years, not without honor of a kind,—I hear an irresistible voice which invites me away from all that. One generation abandons the enterprises of another like stranded vessels. One generation abandons the enterprises of another like stranded vessels. One generation abandons the enterprises of another like stranded vessels. One generation abandons the enterprises of another like stranded vessels.
15
Economy 15 written: A rewritten: B, C, D
D: A fair copy was made of only I think that we may safely trust a good deal more than we do. We are made to.

(Ronald Clapper)
I think I think I think that I think that I think that I think that I think that I think that we may safely trust a good deal more than we do. We may waive just as as as so so so so so so much care of ourselves as we devote bestow elsewhere. Suppose we choose the better part and fail, whose failure is it? bestow elsewhere. Suppose we choose the better part and fail, whose failure is it? honestly bestow elsewhere honestly bestow elsewhere. honestly bestow elsewhere. honestly bestow elsewhere. honestly bestow elsewhere. honestly bestow elsewhere. Nature is after all is after all is after all is is is is is as well adapted to our weakness as to our talents. weakness as to our talents. weaknesses as to our talents weakness as to our strength. weakness as to our strength. weakness as to our strength. weakness as to our strength. weakness as to our strength. weakness as to our strength. The incessant anxiety and strain of some persons some persons some persons some some some some some is a well nigh incurable form of disease. We are made to exaggerate the importance of what work we do; and yet how much is not done by us! and or, or, or, or, or, or, or, or, what if we had been taken sick? How vigilant we are! determined not to live by faith if we can avoid it; all the day long on the alert, at night we unwillingly say our prayers and commit ourselves to uncertainties. So thoroughly and sincerely are we compelled to live, reverencing our life, and denying the possibility of change. This is the only way, we say; but there are as many ways as there can be drawn radii from one centre. All change is a miracle to contemplate; but it is a miracle which is taking place every instant. How many yet more distant inhabitants beings may be contemplating yonder fine twinkling star which I now behold at the same instant—an eye in Orion an eye in Lyra the Eye of omniscience itself. There is always this possibility of being thus related by our lives to the All to the whole of our lives and being one with it—or of remaining as it were an isolated particle in the Universe n
Note: An earlier version of this passage was interlined in Economy 13a. (R. Clapper)
instant. How many yet more distant inhabitants beings may be contemplating yonder fine twinkling star which I now behold at the same instant—an eye in Orion an eye in Lyra the Eye of omniscience itself. There is always this possibility of being thus related by our lives to the All to the whole of our lives and being one with it—or of remaining as it were an isolated particle in the Universe n
Note: An earlier version of this passage was interlined in Economy 13a. (R. Clapper)
instant. These are influences the most powerful and perennial, which have not yet produced in man the effects which they are intended to produce instant. instant. instant. instant. instant.
Confucius said, “To know that we know what we know, and that we do not know what we do not know, that is true knowledge.” When one man has reduced a fact of the imagination to be a fact to his understanding, I foresee that all men at length establish their lives on that basis. Confucius said, “To know that we know what we know, and that we do not know what we do not know, that is true knowledge.” When one man has reduced a fact of the imagination to be a fact to his understanding, I foresee that all men at length establish their lives on that basis. Confucius said, “To know that we know what we know, and that we do not know what we do not know, that is true knowledge.” When one man has reduced a fact of the imagination to be a fact to his understanding, I foresee that all men at length establish their lives on that basis. Confucius said, “To know that we know what we know, and that we do not know what we do not know, that is true knowledge.” When one man has reduced a fact of the imagination to be a fact to his understanding, I foresee that all men at length establish their lives on that basis. Confucius said, “To know that we know what we know, and that we do not know what we do not know, that is true knowledge.” When one man has reduced a fact of the imagination to be a fact to his understanding, I foresee that all men at length establish their lives on that basis. Confucius said, “To know that we know what we know, and that we do not know what we do not know, that is true knowledge.” When one man has reduced a fact of the imagination to be a fact to his understanding, I foresee that all men at length establish their lives on that basis. Confucius said, “To know that we know what we know, and that we do not know what we do not know, that is true knowledge.” When one man has reduced a fact of the imagination to be a fact to his understanding, I foresee that all men at length establish their lives on that basis. n
Note: interlined in pencil on a leaf that was originally a part of B. (R. Clapper)
16
Economy 16 written: A rewritten: B, C, D
A & B: Economy 16 is followed by Economy 85c.

(Ronald Clapper)
Let us consider for a moment what all this trouble and anxiety is are about—what are the gross necessaries of life. I imagine it all this trouble and anxiety are about —what are the gross necessaries of life and how much it is indispensable that we be troubled or at least provident be careful I imagine think it all or most of most of this trouble and anxiety are is about, and how much it is indispensable that we be troubled, or at least be careful. I think that Methinks it most of this the trouble and anxiety which I have referred to is about, and how much it is indispensable necessary that we be troubled, or, at least, careful. It most of the trouble and anxiety which I have referred to is about, and how much it is necessary that we be troubled, or, at least, careful. It most of the trouble and anxiety which I have referred to is about, and how much it is necessary that we be troubled, or, at least, careful. It most of the trouble and anxiety which I have referred to is about, and how much it is necessary that we be troubled, or, at least, careful. It most of the trouble and anxiety which I have referred to is about, and how much it is necessary that we be troubled, or, at least, careful. It would be some advantage to live a primitive and frontier life, though in the midst of an outward civilization, if only to know what are after all the necessaries of life, and what methods society has taken to supply them know learn what are after all the necessaries of life, as they are called and what methods society has taken to supply have taken to obtain them learn what are the gross necessaries of life, as they are called, and what methods have been taken to obtain them; or learn what are the gross necessaries of life and what methods have been taken to obtain them; or learn what are the gross necessaries of life and what methods have been taken to obtain them; or learn what are the gross necessaries of life and what methods have been taken to obtain them; or learn what are the gross necessaries of life and what methods have been taken to obtain them; or learn what are the gross necessaries of life and what methods have been taken to obtain them; or even to look over the old day- books of the merchants, to see what it was that men most commonly bought at the stores, what are the grossest groceries. For all the improvements of the ages do not carry a man backward or forward in relation to the great most important facts of his what they stored or in other words what are the grossest groceries. For all the improvements of the ages do not carry a man backward or forward in relation to the most important facts of his have but little influence on the essential laws of our what they stored,—or, in other words, that is, what are the grossest groceries. For all the improvements of ages have had but little influence of the essential laws of man’s what they stored,—that is, what are the grossest groceries. For all the improvements of ages have had but little influence on the essential laws of man’s what they stored, that is, what are the grossest groceries. For the improvements of ages have had but little influence on the essential laws of man’s what they stored, that is, what are the grossest groceries. For the improvements of ages have had but little influence on the essential laws of man’s what they stored, that is, what are the grossest groceries. For the improvements of ages have had but little influence on the essential laws of man’s what they stored, that is, what are the grossest groceries. For the improvements of ages have had but little influence on the essential laws of man’s existence; as our skeletons, are are perhaps probably are probably, are probably, are probably, are probably, are probably, are not to be distinguished from those of our ancestors.I do not here affirm unchangeableness of the future; but we can see further into the future with the evidence of faith than into the past, with the evidence of history; and we expect from the future changes to be paralleled only, perchance, by experiences which the race has forgotten. He is the wisest scheemer whose scheme will be the latest to succeed. The greatest discoverers have not to fear that any will infringe on their patents during their lives. ancestors.I do not here affirm unchangeableness of the future; but we can see further into the future with the evidence of faith than into the past, with the evidence of history; and we expect from the future changes to be paralleled only, perchance, by experiences which the race has forgotten. He is the wisest scheemer whose scheme will be the latest to succeed. The greatest discoverers have not to fear that any will infringe on their patents during their lives. ancestors.I do not here affirm unchangeableness of the future; but we can see further into the future with the evidence of faith than into the past, with the evidence of history; and we expect from the future changes to be paralleled only, perchance, by experiences which the race has forgotten. He is the wisest scheemer whose scheme will be the latest to succeed. The greatest discoverers have not to fear that any will infringe on their patents during their lives. ancestors.I do not here affirm unchangeableness of the future; but we can see further into the future with the evidence of faith than into the past, with the evidence of history; and we expect from the future changes to be paralleled only, perchance, by experiences which the race has forgotten. He is the wisest scheemer whose scheme will be the latest to succeed. The greatest discoverers have not to fear that any will infringe on their patents during their lives. ancestors. ancestors. ancestors. ancestors.
17a
Economy 17a written: B rewritten: C, D

(Ronald Clapper)
By the term term phrase, phrase, words, words, words, words, necessary of life , I mean whatever, of of all that man obtains by his exertions, of all that man obtains by his exertions, of all that man obtains by his exertions, of all that man obtains by his exertions, of all that man obtains by his exertions, of all that man obtains by his exertions, has been from the first, or from long use has become, so important to human life that few, if any, whether from poverty or from motives of economy or from philosophy ever attempt to dispense with it altogether. savageness, or poverty, or from motives of economy, or from philosophy, ever attempt to dispense with it altogether. savageness, or poverty, or philosophy, ever attempt to dispense with do without it altogether. savageness, or poverty, or philosophy, ever attempt to do without it. savageness, or poverty, or philosophy, ever attempt to do without it. savageness, or poverty, or philosophy, ever attempt to do without it. savageness, or poverty, or philosophy, ever attempt to do without it. 17b
Economy 17b written: A rewritten: B, C, D
C: A fair copy was made of only To many creatures there is … requires more than Food and Shelter. A fair copy of additional material from Economy 17b was apparently made on a leaf (#23) now missing.

(Ronald Clapper)
To many creatures there is only in this sense but only in this sense but in this sense but in this sense but in this sense but in this sense but in this sense but in this sense but one necessary of life, Food. To the bison of the prairie it is a few inches of palatable grass, with water to drink; with water to drink; with water to drink; with water to drink; with water to drink; with water to drink; unless he seeks the Shelter of the forest or the mountain’s shadow. None of the brute creation require requires requires requires requires requires requires requires more than Food and Shelter.Perhaps Man also, we can imagine, was at first an animal—All animals are but imperfect and infantile men. In that Golden Age a mere animal in these respects—and the Nature which produced him, Nature was so genial n
Note: missing leaf follows (R. Clapper)
Shelter.Perhaps Man also, we can imagine, was at first an animal—All animals are but imperfect and infantile men. In that Golden Age a mere animal in these respects—and the Nature which produced him, Nature was so genial n
Note: missing leaf follows (R. Clapper)
Shelter.Perhaps Man also, we can imagine, was at first an animal—All animals are but imperfect and infantile men. In that Golden Age a mere animal in these respects—and the Nature which produced him, Nature was so genial n
Note: missing leaf follows (R. Clapper)
Shelter. Perhaps man also was at first a mere animal in these respects, and the Nature which produced him was so genial that he wanted only food to sustain his life, and this was almost completely provided and prepared for him, like albumen which surrounds the young bird in the egg. On which supposition But after the lapse of geological periods, Nature grown less fond, though not less kind, drove him from her breast, and is still driving him, with increasing sternness and coldness, as some assert, and gradually weaning her child. He must earn his living at last by the sweat of his brow, that is, the exercise of his brain, in other words, the development of reason. If he would maintain his position on earth, he must build, and hunt, and weave, and fell, and mine. What was the effort of reason in ancient men, has become, in a degree, instinct in their posterity, while, perchance, the seeds of new instincts still are being planted today. However this may be, Shelter. Shelter. Shelter. Shelter.
For man, in this climate, the necessaries of life may, For man, in this climate, the necessaries of life may, The necessaries of life for man in this climate may, accurately enough, The necessaries of life for man in this climate may, accurately enough, The necessaries of life for man in this climate may, accurately enough, The necessaries of life for man in this climate may, accurately enough, The necessaries of life for man in this climate may, accurately enough, The necessaries of life for man in this climate may, accurately enough, be distributed under the several heads of Food, Shelter, Clothing, and Fuel; for not till we have secured these are we prepared to entertain the true problems of life with freedom and a prospect of success. for not till we have secured these are we prepared to entertain the true problems of life with freedom and a prospect of success. for not till we have secured these are we prepared to entertain the true problems of life with freedom and a prospect of success. for not till we have secured these are we prepared to entertain the true problems of life with freedom and a prospect of success. for not till we have secured these are we prepared to entertain the true problems of life with freedom and a prospect of success. for not till we have secured these are we prepared to entertain the true problems of life with freedom and a prospect of success. for he has invented for he has invented man has invented not only houses, but Man has invented, not only houses, but Man has invented, not only houses, but Man has invented, not only houses, but Man has invented, not only houses, but Man has invented, not only houses, but Man has invented, not only houses, but clothes and cooked food; and probably probably possibly possibly possibly possibly possibly possibly from the accidental discovery of the warmth of fire, and the consequent use of it, and the consequent use of it, and the consequent use of it, and the consequent use of it, and the consequent use of it, and the consequent use of it, at first a luxury, arose the present necessity to sit by it. We observe cats and dogs acquiring the same second nature. By proper proper proper proper proper proper proper Shelter and Fuel Clothing Clothing Clothing Clothing Clothing Clothing Clothing Clothing we legitimately retain our own internal heat; but with Fuel or at least with an excess of these or of Fuel, or at least i.e. with an excess of these, or of Fuel, that is, with an excess of these, or of Fuel, that is, with an excess of these, or of Fuel, that is, with an excess of these, or of Fuel, that is, with an excess of these, or of Fuel, that is, with an excess of these, or of Fuel, that is, with an external heat greater than our own internal, cookery may may not cookery may may not cookery may not cookery may not cookery may not cookery may not cookery may not cookery properly be said to begin. This is the state of the luxurious and wealthy? begin? begin? begin? begin? begin? begin? begin? 17c
Economy 17c written: C rewritten: D
C: Economy 17c was added in pencil on the verso of a leaf from B.

(Ronald Clapper)
Darwin, the naturalist, says of the inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego, that while his own party, who were well clothed and sitting close to a fire, were far from too warm, these naked savages, who were farther off, were observed, to his great surprise, “to be streaming with perspiration at undergoing such a roasting.” 17d
Economy 17d written: A rewritten: B, C, D
A: The order is Economy 17f, 17e, 17d.
B: Economy 17d is followed by Economy 42b.
C: A fair copy of Economy 17d was made in pencil after Economy 17c was added.

(Ronald Clapper)
So, So, we are told, So, we are told, So, we are told, So, we are told, So, we are told, So, we are told, the New Hollander who goes naked, who goes nakedwith impunity, goes naked with impunity, goes naked with impunity, goes naked with impunity, goes naked with impunity, goes naked with impunity, goes naked with impunity, while the European shivers in his clothes, warms his whole body simply by putting his extremities closer to the fire than the former can bear clothes, warms his whole body simply by putting his extremities closer to the fire than the former can bear clothes. clothes. clothes. clothes. clothes. clothes. Is it impossible to combine the hardiness of these savages with the intellectualness of the civilized man? Is it impossible to combine the hardiness of these savages with the intellectualness of the civilized man? Is it impossible to combine the hardiness of these savages with the intellectualness of the civilized man? Is it impossible to combine the hardiness of these savages with the intellectualness of the civilized man? Is it impossible to combine the hardiness of these savages with the intellectualness of the civilized man? Is it impossible to combine the hardiness of these savages with the intellectualness of the civilized man? Is it impossible to combine the hardiness of these savages with the intellectualness of the civilized man? 17e
Economy 17e written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
According to Liebig, man’s body is a box stove, boxstove, stove, stove, stove, stove, stove, stove, and food the fuel which keeps up the internal combustion in the lungs. In cold weather we eat more, in warm less. The animal heat is in fact is in fact is is is is is is the result of a slow combustion, and disease and death take place when this is too rapid; or for want of fuel, or from some defect in the draught, the fire goes out. Of course the vital heat is not to be confounded with fire; but so much for analogy. Of course the animal vital heat is not to be confounded with fire; but so much for the analogy. Of course the vital heat is not to be confounded with fire; but so much for analogy. Of course the vital heat is not to be confounded with fire; but so much for analogy. Of course the vital heat is not to be confounded with fire; but so much for analogy. Of course the vital heat is not to be confounded with fire; but so much for analogy. Of course the vital heat is not to be confounded with fire; but so much for analogy. Of course the vital heat is not to be confounded with fire; but so much for analogy. 17f
Economy 17f written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
From this list it appears It appears, then therefore, from the above list It appears, therefore, from the above list, It appears, therefore, from the above list, It appears, therefore, from the above list, It appears, therefore, from the above list, It appears, therefore, from the above list, It appears, therefore, from the above list, that the expression "animal heat" the expression "animal heat life" the expression, animal life the expression, animal life the expression, animal life the expression, animal life the expression, animal life the expression, animal life , is nearly synonymous with "animal life" — the expression "A animal life heat" — the expression, animal heat; the expression, animal heat; the expression, animal heat; the expression, animal heat; the expression, animal heat; the expression, animal heat; for Shelter Clothing and Fuel warm us, so to speak, from without, Food from within. while Food is may be regarded as the fuel which keeps up the fire within us, and Fuel serves only to prepare that Food, or to increase the warmth of our bodies by addition from without—Shelter and Clothing also serve only to retain the heat thus generated and absorbed. while Food may be regarded as the Fuel which keeps up the fire within us,—and Fuel serves only to prepare that Food or to increase the warmth of our bodies by addition from without,—Shelter and Clothing also serve only to retain the heat thus generated and absorbed. while Food may be regarded as the Fuel which keeps up the fire within us,—and Fuel serves only to prepare that Food or to increase the warmth of our bodies by addition from without,—Shelter and Clothing also serve only to retain the heat thus generated and absorbed. while Food may be regarded as the Fuel which keeps up the fire within us,—and Fuel serves only to prepare that Food or to increase the warmth of our bodies by addition from without,—Shelter and Clothing also serve only to retain the heat thus generated and absorbed. while Food may be regarded as the Fuel which keeps up the fire within us,—and Fuel serves only to prepare that Food or to increase the warmth of our bodies by addition from without,—Shelter and Clothing also serve only to retain the heat thus generated and absorbed. while Food may be regarded as the Fuel which keeps up the fire within us,—and Fuel serves only to prepare that Food or to increase the warmth of our bodies by addition from without,—Shelter and Clothing also serve only to retain the heat thus generated and absorbed. while Food may be regarded as the Fuel which keeps up the fire within us,—and Fuel serves only to prepare that Food or to increase the warmth of our bodies by addition from without,—Shelter and Clothing also serve only to retain the heat thus generated and absorbed.
18
Economy 18 written: A rewritten: B
A: Yet some, not wise, go … of course à la mode was interlined.

(Ronald Clapper)
The grand necessity, then, for our bodies, is to keep warm, to keep the vital heat in us. What pains accordingly do we take we accordingly do we take not only with our Food & Clothing & Shelter but we accordingly take, not only with our Food, and Clothing, and Shelter, but we accordingly take, not only with our Food, and Clothing, and Shelter, but we accordingly take, not only with our Food, and Clothing, and Shelter, but we accordingly take, not only with our Food, and Clothing, and Shelter, but we accordingly take, not only with our Food, and Clothing, and Shelter, but we accordingly take, not only with our Food, and Clothing, and Shelter, but with our beds, which are our night-clothes, robbing the nests & breasts of birds and their breasts and breasts of birds and breasts of birds and breasts of birds and breasts of birds and breasts of birds and breasts of birds and breasts of birds to prepare this shelter within a shelter, as the mole has its bed of grass and leaves at the end of its burrow! The poor man is wont to complain that this is a cold world; and to cold, either physical or social, we refer directly a great part of our ails. The poor man is wont to complain that this is a cold world; and to cold, no less physical than social, we refer directly a great part of our ails. The poor man is wont to complain that this is a cold world; and to cold, no less physical than social, we refer directly a great part of our ails. The poor man is wont to complain that this is a cold world; and to cold, no less physical than social, we refer directly a great part of our ails. The poor man is wont to complain that this is a cold world; and to cold, no less physical than social, we refer directly a great part of our ails. The poor man is wont to complain that this is a cold world; and to cold, no less physical than social, we refer directly a great part of our ails. The poor man is wont to complain that this is a cold world; and to cold, no less physical than social, we refer directly a great part of our ails. The summer, in some climates, in some climates, in some climates, in some climates, in some climates, in some climates, in some climates, makes possible a sort of Elysian life to man. to man a sort of Elysian life to man. to man a sort of Elysian life. to man a sort of Elysian life. to man a sort of Elysian life. to man a sort of Elysian life. to man a sort of Elysian life. to man a sort of Elysian life. Fuel, except to cook his Food, is then unnecessary; the sun is his fire, and many of the fruits are sufficiently cooked by its rays; while Food generally is more various, and more easily obtained, and Clothing and Shelter are half dispensed with even in our climate. half dispensed with even in our climate wholly or half unnecessary. wholly or half unnecessary. wholly or half unnecessary. wholly or half unnecessary. wholly or half unnecessary. wholly or half unnecessary. wholly or half unnecessary. At the present day, and in this country, as I find by my own experience, as I find by my own experience, as I find by my own experience, as I find by my own experience, as I find by my own experience, as I find by my own experience, as I find by my own experience, a few implements, a knife, an axe, a spade, a wheelbarrow, &c., and with with for for for for for for for the studious, light, light lamplight, lamplight, lamplight, lamplight, lamplight, lamplight, lamplight, stationery, and access to a few books, rank next to necessaries, and can all be obtained at a trifling cost. Yet some, not wise, will go willgo go go go go go go to the other side of the globe, to barbarous and unhealthy regions, and devote themselves to trade for ten or twenty years, in order that they may livecomfortably, live, live, live, live, live, live, live, — that is, keep comfortably warm,—and die in New England at last. The luxuriously rich are not simply kept comfortably warm, they are cooked—done brown, as you may say— but are but but but but but but but unnaturally hot; as we said we I implied I implied I implied I implied I implied I implied I implied before, they are cooked, of course always of course of course always of course of course of course of course of course of course of course à la mode .
19a
Economy 19a written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
To the elevation and ennoblement of mankind what are called the luxuries & many of the comforts of life are not only not indispensable, but positive hindrances. To the elevation and ennoblement of mankind what are called Most of the luxuries and many of the so-called comforts of life are not only not indispensable, but positive hinderances to the elevation of mankind. Most of the luxuries, and many of the so-called comforts of life, are not only not indispensable, but positive hinderances to the elevation of mankind. Most of the luxuries, and many of the so-called comforts of life, are not only not indispensable, but positive hinderances to the elevation of mankind. Most of the luxuries, and many of the so-called comforts of life, are not only not indispensable, but positive hinderances to the elevation of mankind. Most of the luxuries, and many of the so-called comforts of life, are not only not indispensable, but positive hinderances to the elevation of mankind. Most of the luxuries, and many of the so-called comforts of life, are not only not indispensable, but positive hinderances to the elevation of mankind. Most of the luxuries, and many of the so-called comforts of life, are not only not indispensable, but positive hinderances to the elevation of mankind. With respect to luxuries and comforts, the wisest have ever lived a more simple and meager life than the poor. The ancient philosophers, Chinese, Hindoo, Persian, and Greek,and I may add Christ as a more popular example perhaps generally Chinese, Hindoo, Persian, and Greek, Chinese, Hindoo, Persian, and Greek, Chinese, Hindoo, Persian, and Greek, Chinese, Hindoo, Persian, and Greek, Chinese, Hindoo, Persian, and Greek, Chinese, Hindoo, Persian, and Greek, were a class of men than whom none were have been poorer in respect to class of men than which none have been poorer in respect to class than which none has been poorer in class than which none has been poorer in class than which none has been poorer in class than which none has been poorer in class than which none has been poorer in class than which none has been poorer in outward riches, none so rich in inward. We know not much about them. It is astonishing that we can know so much as we do astonishing remarkable that we can know so much of them as we do. The same is true of the most important reformers that have lived remarkable that we know so much of them as we do. remarkable that we know so much of them as we do. remarkable that we know so much of them as we do. remarkable that we know so much of them as we do. remarkable that we know so much of them as we do. remarkable that we know so much of them as we do. The same is true of the more modern reformers and benefactors of their race. None can be an impartial or wise observer of human life but from the vantage ground of what we should call voluntary poverty. Of a life of luxury the fruit is luxury, whether in agriculture, or commerce, or literature, or art. 19b
Economy 19b written: B rewritten: C
C: A fair copy was made of Economy 19b on a leaf from B.

(Ronald Clapper)
Critics have been very lavish of the word philosopher of late. According to them every century has had several. But we have forgotten what the name implies. These men were perhaps We hear nowadays of professors of philosophy, of readers of it, sometimes even of utterers of it to a slight extent, but never of livers of it. But We hear nowadays of professors of philosophy, of readers of it, sometimes even of utterers of it to a slight extent, but never of livers of it. But There are nowadays professors of philosophy, but not philosophers. Yet There are nowadays professors of philosophy, but not philosophers. Yet There are nowadays professors of philosophy, but not philosophers. Yet There are nowadays professors of philosophy, but not philosophers. Yet There are nowadays professors of philosophy, but not philosophers. Yet There are nowadays professors of philosophy, but not philosophers. Yet it is admirable to profess, to or read, to or utter, simply profess or read or utter, simply profess profess profess profess profess because it was once admirable to live. To be a philosopher is not even not merely not merely not merely not merely not merely not merely to have subtle thoughts, and and nor even to nor even to nor even to nor even to nor even to found a school, merely, but, what is infinitely rarer still, to live a life of simplicity, of independence, of magnanimity and trust, such as the weak, the unwise and the dependent can not live. —With the actual life of man for the problem, to see how you can solve it! few have ever lived. It is to solve some of the problems of life both theoretically & practically Some modern men who have copied the title of philosopher have had skill and ambition and skill enough to lead partially successful and pleasing lives under the circumstances, but there is no bending of circumstances under their hands. It is considering their circumstances, but theirs was at best a courtier like success, not kingly, not manly. We are pigmies and dwarfs. They have made shift to live merely by conformity & a kind of flattery of fate Where are the progenitors of a nobler race of men?—the founders of nations? Why do It would be well to ask ourselves why merely but so to love wisdom as to live according to its dictates, a life of simplicity, independence, magnanimity & trust. It is to solve some of the problems of life, which it is given to all to solve, not only theoretically but practically. Some modern men who have borne this title have had ambition and skill enough to lead partially successful lives, considering their circumstances, but theirs was at best The success of great scholars & thinkers is commonly a courtier like success, not kingly, not manly. They have made make shift to live merely by conformity and by flattering their fates. Where are practically as their fathers did and are in no sense the progenitors of a nobler race of men —the founders of nations? It would be well to ask ourselves why But why do but so to love wisdom as to live according to its dictates, a life of simplicity, independence, magnanimity, and trust. It is to solve some of the problems of life, not only theoretically, but practically. The success of great scholars and thinkers is commonly a courtier-like success, not kingly, not manly. They make shift to live merely by conformity, practically as their fathers did, and are in no sense the progenitors of a nobler race of men. But why do but so to love wisdom as to live according to its dictates, a life of simplicity, independence, magnanimity, and trust. It is to solve some of the problems of life, not only theoretically, but practically. The success of great scholars and thinkers is commonly a courtier-like success, not kingly, not manly. They make shift to live merely by conformity, practically as their fathers did, and are in no sense the progenitors of a nobler race of men. But why do but so to love wisdom as to live according to its dictates, a life of simplicity, independence, magnanimity, and trust. It is to solve some of the problems of life, not only theoretically, but practically. The success of great scholars and thinkers is commonly a courtier-like success, not kingly, not manly. They make shift to live merely by conformity, practically as their fathers did, and are in no sense the progenitors of a nobler race of men. But why do but so to love wisdom as to live according to its dictates, a life of simplicity, independence, magnanimity, and trust. It is to solve some of the problems of life, not only theoretically, but practically. The success of great scholars and thinkers is commonly a courtier-like success, not kingly, not manly. They make shift to live merely by conformity, practically as their fathers did, and are in no sense the progenitors of a nobler race of men. But why do but so to love wisdom as to live according to its dictates, a life of simplicity, independence, magnanimity, and trust. It is to solve some of the problems of life, not only theoretically, but practically. The success of great scholars and thinkers is commonly a courtier-like success, not kingly, not manly. They make shift to live merely by conformity, practically as their fathers did, and are in no sense the progenitors of a nobler race of men. But why do men degenerate ever? What makes families run out? What is the nature of that luxury that which that the luxury which the luxury which the luxury which the luxury which the luxury which the luxury which enervates and destroys nations? And is there are we sure that there is And are we sure that there is Are we sure that there is Are we sure that there is Are we sure that there is Are we sure that there is Are we sure that there is none of it in our own our own our own our own our own our own our own lives? As I have said the philosopher is in advance of his age not merely in his discourse, but in his life, even in the outward form and outward mode if it. As I have said Certainly the philosopher is in advance of his age, not merely in his discourse, but in his life, even in the outward form & mode of it of his life. The philosopher is in advance of his age even in the outward form of his life. The philosopher is in advance of his age even in the outward form of his life. The philosopher is in advance of his age even in the outward form of his life. The philosopher is in advance of his age even in the outward form of his life. The philosopher is in advance of his age even in the outward form of his life. He is not fed, sheltered, clothed, warmed, like his fellows. fellows contemporaries. contemporaries. contemporaries. contemporaries. contemporaries. contemporaries. How can a man be a philosopher and not maintain his vital heat by better methods than other men?
20
Economy 20 written: A rewritten: B, C
C: A fair copy was made only of When a man is warmed … rise in the same proportion.

(Ronald Clapper)
When a man is warmed by the several modes which which which which which which which I have described, what more does he want? Not surely more does he want? Not surely does he want next? Surely not does he want next? Surely not does he want next? Surely not does he want next? Surely not does he want next? Surely not does he want next? Surely not does he want next? Surely not more warmth of the same kind, as more and richer food, larger and more splendid houses, finer and more abundant clothing, more numerous incessant and hotter fires, and the like. When he has obtained those things which are necessary to life, there is another alternative than to obtain the superfluities; and that is, When he has obtained those things which are necessary to life there is another alternative than to obtain the superfluities, which & that is When he has obtained those things which are necessary to life, there is another alternative than to obtain the superfluities; and that is, When he has obtained those things which are necessary to life, there is another alternative than to obtain the superfluities; and that is, When he has obtained those things which are necessary to life, there is another alternative than to obtain the superfluities; and that is, When he has obtained those things which are necessary to life, there is another alternative than to obtain the superfluities; and that is, When he has obtained those things which are necessary to life, there is another alternative than to obtain the superfluities; and that is, to adventure on life now, his vacation from humbler toil from humbler toil from humbler toil from humbler toil from humbler toil having commenced. The soil, it seems, seems, seems appears, appears, appears, appears, appears, appears, is suited to the seed, and it may germinate expand and unfold its germ at length. and it may expand and unfold its germ at length. and it may unfold its germ at length for it has sent its radicle downward, & it may now send its shoot upward also with confidence. for it has sent its radicle downward, and it may now send its shoot upward also with confidence. for it has sent its radicle downward, and it may now send its shoot upward also with confidence. for it has sent its radicle downward, and it may now send its shoot upward also with confidence. for it has sent its radicle downward, and it may now send its shoot upward also with confidence. for it has sent its radicle downward, and it may now send its shoot upward also with confidence. Why has he he he man man man man man man rooted himself thus firmly in the earth, but that he may rise in the same proportion into the heavens above?—for the nobler plants bear their fruit bear their fruit are valued for the fruit they bear are valued for the fruit they bear are valued for the fruit they bear are valued for the fruit they bear are valued for the fruit they bear are valued for the fruit they bear are valued for the fruit they bear at last in the air and light, far from the ground, and are not treated treated treated treated treated treated treated like the humbler esculents, continually cut down at top that they make more root. continually cut down at top that they may make more root which though they may be biennials are cultivated only till they have perfected their root & are often cut down at top for this purpose, so that most would not know them in their flowering season. which, though they may be biennials, are cultivated only till they have perfected their root, and often cut down at top for this purpose, so that most would not know them in their flowering season. which, though they may be biennials, are cultivated only till they have perfected their root, and often cut down at top for this purpose, so that most would not know them in their flowering season. which, though they may be biennials, are cultivated only till they have perfected their root, and often cut down at top for this purpose, so that most would not know them in their flowering season. which, though they may be biennials, are cultivated only till they have perfected their root, and often cut down at top for this purpose, so that most would not know them in their flowering season. which, though they may be biennials, are cultivated only till they have perfected their root, and often cut down at top for this purpose, so that most would not know them in their flowering season. which, though they may be biennials, are cultivated only till they have perfected their root, and often cut down at top for this purpose, so that most would not know them in their flowering season.
21
Economy 21 written: A rewritten: B
B: Economy 21 is followed by Economy106b.

(Ronald Clapper)
I do not mean to prescribe rules here rules here rules rules rules rules rules rules to strong and valiant natures, which that who who who who who who who will mind their own affairs in heaven or hell indifferently, and whether in heaven or hell indifferently, and perchance whether in heaven or hell, and perchance whether in heaven or hell, and perchance whether in heaven or hell, and perchance whether in heaven or hell, and perchance whether in heaven or hell, and perchance whether in heaven or hell, and perchance build more magnificently and spend more lavishly than Croesus, Croesus the richest, the richest, the richest, the richest, the richest, the richest, the richest, without ever impoverishing themselves, not knowing how they live,— nor to those, if there are any, if indeed there are any such; nor to those, if there are any, if, indeed, there are any such, as has been dreamed; nor to those if, indeed, there are any such, as has been dreamed; nor to those if, indeed, there are any such, as has been dreamed; nor to those if, indeed, there are any such, as has been dreamed; nor to those if, indeed, there are any such, as has been dreamed; nor to those if, indeed, there are any such, as has been dreamed; nor to those who find their encouragement and inspiration in precisely the present condition of society, society things, things, things, things, things, things, things, and cherish it with the fondness and enthusiasm of lovers,— not and in one sense I reckon myself in this number—I do not speak and in one sense to some extent I reckon myself in this number—I do not speak and, to some extent, I reckon myself in this number; I do not speak and, to some extent, I reckon myself in this number; I do not speak and, to some extent, I reckon myself in this number; I do not speak and, to some extent, I reckon myself in this number; I do not speak and, to some extent, I reckon myself in this number; I do not speak and, to some extent, I reckon myself in this number; I do not speak to those who are well employed, under under in in in in in in in whatever circumstances, and they will know willknow know know know know know know whether they are well employed or not;—but I speak mainly mainly mainly mainly mainly mainly to the mass of men who are discontented, and idly complaining of the hardness of their lot and and or or or or or or or of the times, when they might improve them. Why! there Why, there There There There There There There are some who complain most energetically and inconsolably of all because, as they say, they are doing their duty.—And I also speak to and inconsolably of all any, because they are, as they say, they are doing their duty.—And I also speak to and inconsolably of any, because they are, as they say, doing their duty. I also have in mind and inconsolably of any, because they are, as they say, doing their duty. I also have in mind and inconsolably of any, because they are, as they say, doing their duty. I also have in mind and inconsolably of any, because they are, as they say, doing their duty. I also have in mind and inconsolably of any, because they are, as they say, doing their duty. I also have in mind and inconsolably of any, because they are, as they say, doing their duty. I also have in mind that seemingly wealthy, but most terribly impoverished class of all, who have accumulated dross, but know not how to spend use use use use use use use use it, or get rid of it, and thus have forged their own golden or silver fetters.

22
Economy 22 written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
If I should undertake undertake attempt attempt attempt attempt attempt attempt attempt to tell how I have desired to spend my life in years past, I should probably only startle I should probably only startle it would probably surprise it would probably surprise it would probably surprise it would probably surprise it would probably surprise it would probably surprise it would probably surprise you those n
Note: space left blank during original copying (R. Clapper)
those of my readers
those of my readers those of my readers those of my readers those of my readers those of my readers those of my readers
who are somewhat acquainted with its actual history; it would certainly astonish those who know nothing about it. I should certainly startle astonish those who know nothing about it it would certainly astonish those who know nothing about it. it would certainly astonish those who know nothing about it. it would certainly astonish those who know nothing about it. it would certainly astonish those who know nothing about it. it would certainly astonish those who know nothing about it. it would certainly astonish those who know nothing about it. I will only hint at some of the enterprises which which which which which which which I have cherished.
23
Economy 23 written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
In any weather, at any hour of the day or night, I have been anxious to improve the nick of time, and notch it on my stick too; to stand on the meeting of two eternities, the past and future, which is precisely the present time moment; moment; moment; moment; moment; moment; moment; moment; to toe that line. You will pardon some obscurities, for I believe for I believe that for for for for for for there are more secrets in my trade than in most men’s, and yet not voluntary ones either, voluntary ones either voluntarily kept, voluntarily kept, voluntarily kept, voluntarily kept, voluntarily kept, voluntarily kept, voluntarily kept, but inseparable from its very nature. I would gladly tell all that that that that that that that I know about it, and never paint “No Admittance” on my gate.
24
Economy 24 written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
I long ago lost a hound, and a turtle dove and a bay horse and a turtledove, a bay horse, and a turtledove, a bay horse, and a turtledove, a bay horse, and a turtledove, a bay horse, and a turtledove, a bay horse, and a turtledove, a bay horse, and a turtledove, a bay horse, and a turtledove, and am still on their trail. Many’s the traveller Many’s the traveller Many are the travellers Many are the travellers Many are the travellers Many are the travellers Many are the travellers Many are the travellers Many are the travellers I have spoken concerning them, describing their tracks and what calls they answered to. I have met one or two who had heard the hound, and the tramp of the horse, and even seen the dove disappear behind a cloud, and they seemed as anxious to recover them as if they had lost them themselves.
25
Economy 25 written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
To anticipate, not the sunrise and the dawn merely, but, if possible, Nature herself! How many mornings, summer and winter, before yet any man man neighbor neighbor neighbor neighbor neighbor neighbor was stirring about his business, I have I have I have I have I have I have I have I have I been about mine! No doubt, some some many many many many many many many of my hearers readers n
Note: space left blank during original copying (R. Clapper)
townsmen
townsmen townsmen townsmen townsmen townsmen townsmen
have met me returning from this enterprise, farmers starting for Boston in the twilight, or woodchoppers going to their work. To be sure, To be sure It is true, It is true, It is true, It is true, It is true, It is true, It is true, I never assisted the sun materially in his rising, but, be sure depend upon it doubt not, doubt not, doubt not, doubt not, doubt not, doubt not, doubt not, doubt not, it was of the last importance only to be present at it. How many an afternoon has been stolen from more profitable if not more attractive industry, afternoons where a good run of custom might have been expected on the main street, tempting all womankind out of a shopping, spent I say by me on the margin of the meadows, in the well nigh hopeless attempt to set this river on fire, or be set on fire by it, with such tinder as I had with such flint as I was. it. How many an afternoon has been stolen from more profitable if not more attractive industry, afternoons were a good run of custom might have been expected on the main street, tempting all womankind out of a shopping—spent I say by me on the margin of the meadows in the well night hopeless attempt to set this river on fire, or be set on fire by it, with such tinder a I had, with such flint as I was. it. it. it. it. it. it.
26
Economy 26 written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
So many autumn, ay, and wintry winter winter winter winter winter winter winter days, spent outside the town, trying to hear what was in the wind, to hear and carry it express! I well-nigh sunk all my capital in it, and lost my own breath into the bargain, running in the face of it. If it had concerned either of the political political political political political political political political parties, depend upon it, it would have appeared in the Gazette with the earliest intelligence. At other times watching from the observatory of some the cliffs or some tree the cliffs or some tree some cliff or tree, some cliff or tree, some cliff or tree, some cliff or tree, some cliff or tree, some cliff or tree, to telegraph any new arrival; or or waiting at evening on the hill tops for the sky to fall, that I might catch something, though I never caught much, only a little manna-wise, that would dissolve again in the sun. or waiting at evening on the hill-tops for the sky to fall, that I might catch something, though I never caught much, only a little manna-wise, that would dissolve & that manna-wise, which dissolved again in the sun. waiting at evening on the hill-tops for the sky to fall, that I might catch something, though I never caught much, and that, manna-wise, would dissolve again in the sun. waiting at evening on the hill-tops for the sky to fall, that I might catch something, though I never caught much, and that, manna-wise, would dissolve again in the sun. waiting at evening on the hill-tops for the sky to fall, that I might catch something, though I never caught much, and that, manna-wise, would dissolve again in the sun. waiting at evening on the hill-tops for the sky to fall, that I might catch something, though I never caught much, and that, manna-wise, would dissolve again in the sun. waiting at evening on the hill-tops for the sky to fall, that I might catch something, though I never caught much, and that, manna-wise, would dissolve again in the sun. waiting at evening on the hill-tops for the sky to fall, that I might catch something, though I never caught much, and that, manna-wise, would dissolve again in the sun.
27
Economy 27 written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
For a long time I was reporter to a journal, of no very wide circulation, whose editor has never yet seen fit to print my contributions, whose editor has never yet seen fit to print my contributions, whose editor has never yet seen fit to print the bulk of my contributions, whose editor has never yet seen fit to print the bulk of my contributions, whose editor has never yet seen fit to print the bulk of my contributions, whose editor has never yet seen fit to print the bulk of my contributions, whose editor has never yet seen fit to print the bulk of my contributions, whose editor has never yet seen fit to print the bulk of my contributions, and, as is too common with writers, with writers, with writers, with writers, with writers, with writers, with writers, I got only my pains for my labor labor for my pains. Literary contracts are so little binding. labor for my pains Literary contracts are so little binding. labor for my pains. labor for my pains. labor for my pains. labor for my pains. labor for my pains. labor for my pains. However, in this case my pains were their own reward. However in this case my labor was its pains were their own reward. However, in this case my pains were their own reward. However, in this case my pains were their own reward. However, in this case my pains were their own reward. However, in this case my pains were their own reward. However, in this case my pains were their own reward. However, in this case my pains were their own reward. However, in this case my pains were their own reward.
28
Economy 28 written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
For many years I was self-appointed inspector of snow storms and rain storms, and did my duty faithfully; surveyor, if not of highways, then of forest paths and all across-lot routes, keeping them open, and ravines bridged and passable at all seasons, where the public heel had testified to their utility.
29
Economy 29 written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
I have looked after the wild stock of the town, which pastures in common which as everyone knows give you pastures pasture in common, which as everyone knows give you & give a faithful herdsman give a faithful herdsman give a faithful herdsman give a faithful herdsman give a faithful herdsman give a faithful herdsman give a faithful herdsman a good deal of trouble in the way of in the way of by by by by by by by leaping fences; and I I I I I I I have had an eye to the unfrequented nooks and corners of the farm; though I did not always know whether Jonas or Solomon worked in a particular field to-day; that was none of my business. I have watered the red huckleberry, the sand cherry and the nettle tree, the cornel, the cornel the red pine, the wild holly, and the black ash, the red pine and the black ash, the red pine and the black ash, the red pine and the black ash, the red pine and the black ash, the red pine and the black ash, the red pine and the black ash, the white grape and the yellow violet, which might have withered else in dry seasons.
30
Economy 30 written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
In short, I went on thus thus thus thus thus thus thus for a long time, I may say it without boasting, faithfully minding my business, till it became more and more evident that my townsmen would not after all admit me into the list of town officers, nor make my place a sinecure with a moderate allowance. My accounts, which indeed, which I can swear to have been faithfully kept, I have, indeed, which I can swear to have been faithfully kept, I have indeed, which I can swear to have kept faithfully, I have, indeed, which I can swear to have kept faithfully, I have, indeed, which I can swear to have kept faithfully, I have, indeed, which I can swear to have kept faithfully, I have, indeed, which I can swear to have kept faithfully, I have, indeed, which I can swear to have kept faithfully, I have, indeed, never got audited, still less accepted, still less paid and settled. However, I have not set my heart on that.
31
Economy 31 written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
The other day Not long since, as I heard, Not long since, Not long since, Not long since, Not long since, a strolling Indian went to sell baskets at the house of a well-known lawyer in Concord my neighborhood. my neighborhood. my neighborhood. my neighborhood. “Do you wish to buy any baskets?” he asked. “No, we do not want any,” was the reply. “What!” exclaimed the Indian as he went out the gate, “do you mean to starve us?” exclaimed the former as he was going out the gate exclaimed the Indian as he went out the gate, “do you mean to starve us?” exclaimed the Indian as he went out the gate, “do you mean to starve us?” exclaimed the Indian as he went out the gate, “do you mean to starve us?” exclaimed the Indian as he went out the gate, “do you mean to starve us?” Apparentlyhaving Having Having Having Having seen his industrious white neighbors so well off,—that the lawyer had only to weave arguments, and by some magical means magic magic magic magic magic wealth and standing followed, he had said to himself, “I will do like the white man; himself; himself; himself; himself; I will go into business; I will weave baskets; it is a thing which I can do. Thinking that when he had made the baskets he had would have would have would have would have would have done his part, and now it was ours then it would be the white man’s then it would be the white man’s then it would be the white man’s then it would be the white man’s then it would be the white man’s to buy them. He had not discovered that it was necessary for him to make it worth our the other’s the other’s the other’s the other’s the other’s while to buy them, or at least make him see that it was so, or at least make him think that it was so, or at least make him think that it was so, or at least make him think that it was so, or at least make him think that it was so, or to make something else which it would be worth our his his his his his while to buy. I too had woven baskets a kind of basket a kind of basket a kind of basket a kind of basket a kind of basket of a delicate texture, but I had not made it worth any one’s while to buy them. Yet not the less, in my case, was did I think did I think did I think did I think did I think it worth my while to weave them, and and and and and instead of studying how to make it worth men’s while to buy my baskets, I studied rather how to avoid the necessity of selling them. The life which men praise and regard as successful is but one kind. Why should we exaggerate any one kind at the expense of the others? You have not described a man when you have told his race. There are several varieties thereafter among of plants. I am astonished at the security with which certain of men’s enterprises proceed to. I never cooperate, or feel the least sympathy with them. I cannot easily imagine a revolution in which I could be more than a spectator! Toward most of my neighbors I am compelled to feel—like the Chinese philosopher—I am I and you are you. I am glad we can be distinct. others? others? others? others?
32
Economy 32 written: A rewritten: B
A: using such slender means … not so sad as foolish was added to the manuscript on a partial leaf.

(Ronald Clapper)
I found in short that they I found in short that they As I have said finding that my fellow-citizens Finding that my fellow-citizens Finding that my fellow-citizens Finding that my fellow-citizens Finding that my fellow-citizens Finding that my fellow-citizens Finding that my fellow-citizens were not likely to offer me any office office room room room room room room room in the court house, or or or or or or or any curacy or living any where else, but I must shift for myself, So I So I I I I I I I turned my face more exclusively than ever to the woods, where I was better known. I determined to go into business at once, without waiting without waiting & not wait and not wait and not wait and not wait and not wait and not wait and not wait to acquire the usual the usual the usual the usual the usual the usual the usual capital, using such slender means as I had already got. using such slender means as I had already got. using such slender means as I had already got. using such slender means as I had already got. using such slender means as I had already got. using such slender means as I had already got. using such slender means as I had already got. using such slender means as I had already got. My object object purpose purpose purpose purpose purpose purpose purpose in going to Walden Pond was not to live cheaply nor to live dearly there, but to transact some private business with the fewest ob stacles; a business to be prevented a business to be prevented to be hindered to be hindered to be hindered to be hindered to be hindered to be hindered to be hindered from accomplishing which for want of a little common sense, a little enterprise and business talent, seemedseemed appeared appeared appeared appeared appeared appeared appeared appeared not so sad as foolish.
33
Economy 33 written: A rewritten: B
B: A fair copy was made of only I have always endeavored … many parts of the coast almost at the same). A fair copy was apparently made of the rest of Economy 33 on a leaf (#43) now missing.

(Ronald Clapper)
Strict business habits I have always endeavored to acquire; Strict business habits I have always endeavored to acquire strict business habits; I have always endeavored to acquire strict business habits; I have always endeavored to acquire strict business habits; I have always endeavored to acquire strict business habits; I have always endeavored to acquire strict business habits; I have always endeavored to acquire strict business habits; I have always endeavored to acquire strict business habits; they are indispensable to every man. If your trade is with the Celestial Empire, then some small counting house on the coast, in some Salem harbor, will be fixture enough. You will export such articles as the country affords, purely native products, much ice and pine timber and a little granite, always in native bottoms. These will be good ventures. To oversee all the details yourself in person; to be at once pilot and captain, and owner and underwriter; to buy and sell and keep the accounts; to read every letter received, and write or read every letter sent; to superintend the discharge of imports night and day; to be upon many parts of the coast almost at the same time;—often the richest freight will be discharged upon a Jersey shore; — to be your own telegraph, unweariedly sweeping the horizon, speaking all passing vessels bound coastwise; to keep up a steady despatch of commodities, for the supply of such a distant and exorbitant market; to keep yourself yourself yourself yourself yourself yourself yourself informed of the state of the markets, prospects of war and peace every where, and anticipate the tendencies of trade and civilization,—taking advantage of the results of all exploring expeditions, using new passages and all improvements in navigation;—charts to be studied, the position of reefs and new lights and buoys to be ascertained, and ever, and ever, the logarithmic tables to be corrected, for by the error of some calculator the vessel often splits upon a rock that should have reached a friendly pier,—there is the untold fate of La Perouse; —universal science to be kept pace with, studying the lives of all great discoverers and navigators, great adventurers and merchants, from Han no and the Phœnicians down to our days; day; day; day; day; day; day; day; in fine, account of stock to be taken from time to time, to know how you stand. It is a labor to task the faculties of a man,—such problems of profit and loss, of interest, of tare and tret, and gauging of all kinds in it, as demand a universal knowledge.
34
Economy 34 written: A rewritten: B
B: A fair copy was made of only be good policy to divulge … face of the earth. A fair copy was apparently made of the rest of Economy 34 on a leaf (#43) now missing.

(Ronald Clapper)
I have thought that Walden Pond would be a good place for business, not solely on account of the railroad and the ice trade; it offers advantages which it may not be good policy to divulge yet it is the object of this book to divulge them; divulge yet it is the object of this book to divulge them; divulge; divulge; divulge; divulge; divulge; divulge; it is a good port and a good foundation. No Neva marshes to be filled; though I suppose though I suppose that though though though though though though you must every where build on piles of your own driving. It is said that a flood-tide, with a westerly wind, and ice in the Neva, would sweep St. Petersburg from the face of the earth.
35a
Economy 35a written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
As this business was to be entered in into into into into into into into without the usual capital, it may not be easy to conjecture where those means, that will still be indispensable to every such such such such such such such undertaking, were to be obtained. As for Clothing, to come at once to the practical part of the question, to come at once to the practical part of the question, to come at once to the practical part of the question, to come at once to the practical part of the question, to come at once to the practical part of the question, to come at once to the practical part of the question, to come at once to the practical part of the question, to come at once to the practical part of the question, perhaps we are oftener led oftener led oftener led oftener led oftener led oftener led oftener led oftener led oftener by the love of novelty, and a regard for the opinions of men, in procuring it, than by a true utility. It was no doubt the strongest argument against the faith of the Millerites, that most of them continued to build and accumulate property so as to be prepared in case the world should not come to an end—But utility.It was no doubt the strongest argument against the faith of the Millerites, that most of them continued to build and accumulate property so as the be prepared in case the world should not come to an end. From the stock of clothing which some are accustomed to lay in I judge that they do not expect that the world will soon come to an end. But utility. utility. utility. utility. utility. utility. Let him who has work to do reflect reflect recollect recollect recollect recollect recollect recollect recollect that the object of clothing is, first, to retain the animal animal vital vital vital vital vital vital vital heat, and secondly, in this state of society, to cover nakedness, and how much of any important and necessary work might be accomplished without making any addition to his wardrobe! and there will be found old clothes enough in everybody’s garret to last till the Millenium if he only has faith in that. The bank bill that is torn in two will pass if you save the pieces, if you have only got the essential piece with the signatures. Lowell & Manchester think you will let their broadcloth currency go when it is torn, but hold on, have an eye to the signature, clout the back of it, or if it is a transmittendum endorse the name of him from whom you received it and he may judge how much of any important and necessary or important work might may be accomplished without making any addition adding to his wardrobe —aye there will be found old clothes enough in every body’s garret to last till the Millenium. If he only have faith in that. The bank bill that is torn in two will pass if you save the pieces, if you have only got only the essential piece with the signatures & so it is with our garments: they may be much worn & torn & even clouted—and yet be passable. Lowell and Manchester think that you will let their broadcloth currency go when it is torn, but hold on, have an eye to the signature, clout the back of it or aye, the front of it, and if it is a transmittendum, endorse the name of be not ashamed to meet him from whom you received it and he may judge how much of any necessary or important work may be accomplished without adding to his wardrobe. and he may judge how much of any necessary or important work may be accomplished without adding to his wardrobe. and he may judge how much of any necessary or important work may be accomplished without adding to his wardrobe. and he may judge how much of any necessary or important work may be accomplished without adding to his wardrobe. and he may judge how much of any necessary or important work may be accomplished without adding to his wardrobe. and he may judge how much of any necessary or important work may be accomplished without adding to his wardrobe. 35b
Economy 35b written: A rewritten: B
A & B: Economy 35b is preceded by Economy 35c. The present order was interlined in pencil in B

(Ronald Clapper)
Kings and queens who wear a suit but once, though made by some tailor or dress-maker to their majesties, cannot know the comfort of wearing a suit that fits. They are no better than wooden horses to hang the clean clothes on. Every day our garments become more assimilated to us and receive us ourselves and receive ourselves, receiving ourselves, receiving ourselves, receiving ourselves, receiving ourselves, receiving ourselves, receiving the impress of the wearer’s char acter, until we hesitate to lay them aside, without such delay and medical appliances and some such solemnity even as our bodies. and they should not be laid it would be natural not to lay them aside but after such delay and medical appliances and such solemnity as our bodies. until we hesitate to lay them aside, without such delay and medical appliances and some such solemnity even as our bodies. until we hesitate to lay them aside, without such delay and medical appliances and some such solemnity even as our bodies. until we hesitate to lay them aside, without such delay and medical appliances and some such solemnity even as our bodies. until we hesitate to lay them aside, without such delay and medical appliances and some such solemnity even as our bodies. until we hesitate to lay them aside, without such delay and medical appliances and some such solemnity even as our bodies. until we hesitate to lay them aside, without such delay and medical appliances and some such solemnity even as our bodies. 35c
Economy 35c written: A rewritten: B
A & B: Economy 35c precedes Economy 35b.

(Ronald Clapper)
No man ever stood the lower the lower the lower the lower the lower the lower the lower the lower in my estimation for having a patch in his clothes; But there is certainly greater anxiety to have clean and whole but yet I am sure there is certainly greater anxiety commonly to have clean and whole fashionable, or at least clean & unpatched yet I am sure that there is greater anxiety, commonly, to have fashionable, or at least clean and unpatched yet I am sure that there is greater anxiety, commonly, to have fashionable, or at least clean and unpatched yet I am sure that there is greater anxiety, commonly, to have fashionable, or at least clean and unpatched yet I am sure that there is greater anxiety, commonly, to have fashionable, or at least clean and unpatched yet I am sure that there is greater anxiety, commonly, to have fashionable, or at least clean and unpatched yet I am sure that there is greater anxiety, commonly, to have fashionable, or at least clean and unpatched clothes, than to have a sound conscience. though though But But But But But But But even if the rent is not patched patched mended mended, mended, mended, mended, mended, mended, perhaps the worst vice betrayed is improvidence. 35d
Economy 35d written: B rewritten: D
B: B: Economy 35d was interlined in pencil.

(Ronald Clapper)
I sometimes try my friends and acquaintances friends and acquaintances friends and acquaintances acquaintances acquaintances acquaintances acquaintances by such tests as this;—who could wear a patch, say say or say or or or or two extra seams only, over the knee? Most would think would think would think would behave as if they thought believed behave as if they believed behave as if they believed behave as if they believed behave as if they believed that their prospects for life were were were would be would be would be would be would be ruined if they should do it. It would be easier for them to hobble to town with a broken leg than with a broken pantaloon.—Or I ask who could trundle a wheelbarrow through the village streets—few could stand this test pantaloon.—Or I ask who could trundle a wheelbarrow through the village streets—few could stand this test pantaloon.—Or I ask who could trundle a wheelbarrow through the village streets—many could not stand this test. pantaloon. pantaloon. pantaloon. pantaloon. 35e
Economy 35e written: D rewritten: D
D: Economy 35e was interlined in pencil on one of the early leaves in D (#47) that fits the B-C numbering sequence and was later recopied.

(Ronald Clapper)
Often if an accident happens to a gentleman’s legs, they can be mended; but if a similar accident happens to the legs of his pantaloons, there r
Revision note: D1: is usually
is usually
is is is is
no help for it; for he considers, not what is truly respectable, but what is respected. 35f
Economy 35f written: A rewritten: B, D

(Ronald Clapper)
We know after all know after all know know know know know know but few men, a great many coats and breeches. Dress a scarecrow in your last shift, you standing shiftless by, who would not soonest salute the scarecrow? 35g
Economy 35g written: D
D: Economy 35g was interlined in pencil.

(Ronald Clapper)
Passing a cornfield the other day, close by a hat and coat on a stake, I recognized the owner of the farm. He was only a little more weather-beaten than when I saw him last. In fact the back being toward me I missed nothing and thought to myself that if I were a crow I should not fear the presence of him at all. This same coat on a stick made on one the total impression which the farmer never was wont to have had on the other hand. Also, I have frequently mistaken a laborer in the field for a scarecrow. last. last. last. last. 35h
Economy 35h written: D rewritten: G
D: Economy 35h, which was interlined in D, follows Economy 39a.

(Ronald Clapper)
I have heard of a dog that barked at every stranger who approached his master’s premises with clothes on, but was easily quieted by a naked man. man. man. man. How often have I seen a countryman come into town a-shopping in a high-set wagon, whose clothes looked as if they were made before the last war by a maiden sister,—no reproach to her,—his coat hung so high that you could see the whole of his waistcoat pockets beneath it, while the scant coat-tail hastened to a speedy conclusion, like a frog couchant on a bank; the funnel-shaped sleeves halting at a respectable distance from his victorious palms; and the collar hard-rolled and round like a boa constrictor tempting prompting you to run to his rescue, or as if crisped by an agony of heat; his waistcoat striped like a zebra’s skin a kind of coarse grating or gridiron over the furnace of his heart; his pants straight and round as a stove-pipe, into which his boots fitted smoke tight at a height which preserved them guiltless of his country’s mud; and his narrow-brimmed hat towering straight and round like a column to meet the sun in his rising, of equal diameter throughout, the torso of a shaft, or may be a cenotaph to his brains, with a hat as soft as a pussy, across which the dimpling shadows fly as over a field of grain in autumn. thief. 35i
Economy 35i written: B rewritten: D
B: Economy 35i was interlined in pencil.

(Ronald Clapper)
It might be is is is is is is is an interesting question how far men would retain their relative rank if they were to lose be divested to lose be divested to be divested divested divested divested divested of their clothes. Could you, in such a case, tell surely of any procession company company company company company company company of civilized men, which belonged to the most respected class? 35j
Economy 35j written: D rewritten: D
D: Economy 35j was interlined in pencil on one of the early leaves in D (#47) that fits the B-C numbering sequence and was recopied later.

(Ronald Clapper)
When Madam Pfeiffer, in her adventurous travels round the world, from east to west, had got so near home as Asiatic Russia, she says that she felt the necessity of wearing other than a travelling dress, when she went to meet the authorities, for as she remarks for for for for she “was now in a civilized country, where ——— — people are judged of by their clothes.” Even in our democratic New England towns the accidental possession of wealth, and its manifestation in dress and equipage alone, command obtain obtain obtain obtain obtain for the possessor almost universal respect. But they who yield such respect, wherever & however numerous as numerous as numerous as numerous as numerous as they are, are the so far so far so far so far so far heathen, and need to have a missionary sent to them. 35k
Economy 35k written: A rewritten: B, D

(Ronald Clapper)
Above all, clothes brought in Above all, clothes brought in Beside, clothes introduced Beside, clothes introduced Beside, clothes introduced Beside, clothes introduced Beside, clothes introduced Beside, clothes introduced Beside, clothes introduced sewing, a kind of work which which which which which which which you may call endless; a woman’s dress, at least, is never done. For a woman’s dress at least is never done a woman’s dress, at least, is never done. a woman’s dress, at least, is never done. a woman’s dress, at least, is never done. a woman’s dress, at least, is never done. a woman’s dress, at least, is never done. a woman’s dress, at least, is never done.
36
Economy 36 written: A rewritten: B, D
D: A fair copy was made of only A man who has … an indeterminate period. Old and as well as that of mankind.

(Ronald Clapper)
A man who has at length found out somethingimportant found out something found something found something found something found something found something found something to do will not have have need need need need need need need to get a new suit to do it in; for him the old will do, that has lain dusty in the garret for an indefinite indefinite indeterminate indeterminate indeterminate indeterminate indeterminate indeterminate indeterminate period. Old shoes will serve a hero longer than they have served his valet,— if a hero ever has a valet, if a hero ever has a valet, if a hero ever has a valet, if a hero ever has a valet, if a hero ever has a valet, if a hero ever has a valet, if a hero ever has a valet, —bare feet are the oldest of the oldest of older than older than older than older than older than older than older than shoes, and he can make them do. Only they who go to soirées and legislative halls i.e., a-courting halls i.e., a-courting halls halls halls halls halls halls must have new coats, coats to turn turn change change change change change change change as often as the man turns turns changes changes changes changes changes changes changes in them. If my jacket and trousers, my boots and shoes are fit to worship God in they will do, will they not Dea. Spaulding? If my jacket and trousers, my boots hat and shoes are fit to worship God in they will do, will they not Dea. Spaulding? But if my jacket and trousers, my hat and shoes, are fit to worship God in, they will do; will they not? But if my jacket and trousers, my hat and shoes, are fit to worship God in, they will do; will they not? But if my jacket and trousers, my hat and shoes, are fit to worship God in, they will do; will they not? But if my jacket and trousers, my hat and shoes, are fit to worship God in, they will do; will they not? But if my jacket and trousers, my hat and shoes, are fit to worship God in, they will do; will they not? But if my jacket and trousers, my hat and shoes, are fit to worship God in, they will do; will they not? Who ever saw his old shoes, clothes, clothes, clothes, clothes, clothes, clothes, clothes, —his old coat, actually worn out, resolved into its their their its its its its its its its primitive elements, so that it was not a deed of charity to bestow them them it it it it it it it on some poorer poorer poor poor poor poor poor poor boy, by him perchance perchance perchance perchance perchance perchance perchance to be bestowed on some poorer still, or shall we say richer, who can can could could could could could could could do with less? I should say beware I should say beware I say, beware I say, beware I say, beware I say, beware I say, beware I say, beware of all enterprises that require new clothes, and not rather a new wearer of clothes. If there is not a new man, how can there be a new suit, and not rather a new mis-fit & non-suit? there be a new suit, and not rather a new mis-fit and non-suit the new clothes be made to fit? the new clothes be made to fit? the new clothes be made to fit? the new clothes be made to fit? the new clothes be made to fit? the new clothes be made to fit? the new clothes be made to fit? If you have any enterprise before you, I say try I say try try try try try try try it in your old clothes. All men want, not something to do with , but something to do , or rather something to be . Once more I should advise never to Perhaps we should never Perhaps we should never Perhaps we should never Perhaps we should never Perhaps we should never Perhaps we should never Perhaps we should never Perhaps we should never procure a new suit of clothes, suit of clothes, suit, suit, suit, suit, suit, suit, however ragged or dirty the old, until you we we we we we we we we have so conducted, so enterprised or sailed in some way, that we feel like a new man a new man new men new men new men new men new men new men new men in the old, and that to retain them them it it it it it it it would be like like like like like like like keeping new wine in old bottles. Our moulting season, like that of the fowls, must be a crisis in our lives,—it is well known that the loon retires to solitary ponds to spend it Our moulting season, like that of the fowls, must be a crisis in our lives. The loon retires to solitary ponds to spend it. Our moulting season, like that of the fowls, must be a crisis in our lives. The loon retires to solitary ponds to spend it. Our moulting season, like that of the fowls, must be a crisis in our lives. The loon retires to solitary ponds to spend it. Our moulting season, like that of the fowls, must be a crisis in our lives. The loon retires to solitary ponds to spend it. Our moulting season, like that of the fowls, must be a crisis in our lives. The loon retires to solitary ponds to spend it. Our moulting season, like that of the fowls, must be a crisis in our lives. The loon retires to solitary ponds to spend it. Thus also also also also also also also the snake casts its slough, and the caterpillar its wormy coat, by an internal industry and expansion; for clothes are but our outmost cuticle and mortal coil . for clothes are but our outmost cuticle and mortal coil. for clothes are but our outmost cuticle and mortal coil. for clothes are but our outmost cuticle and mortal coil. for clothes are but our outmost cuticle and mortal coil. for clothes are but our outmost cuticle and mortal coil. for clothes are but our outmost cuticle and mortal coil. for clothes are but our outmost cuticle and mortal coil. Otherwise you will we shall we shall we shall we shall we shall we shall we shall we shall be found sailing under false colors, for clothes are but our outmost cuticle and mortal coil and be inevitably cashiered by your our own & the opinion of mankind. and be inevitably cashiered at last by our own and the opinion as well as that of mankind. and be inevitably cashiered at last by our own opinion, as well as that of mankind. and be inevitably cashiered at last by our own opinion, as well as that of mankind. and be inevitably cashiered at last by our own opinion, as well as that of mankind. and be inevitably cashiered at last by our own opinion, as well as that of mankind. and be inevitably cashiered at last by our own opinion, as well as that of mankind. and be inevitably cashiered at last by our own opinion, as well as that of mankind.
37a
Economy 37a written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
Usually, we We We We We don garment after garment, as if we grew like exogenous plants by addition without. Our outside and often thin and fanciful clothes are our epidermis or false skin, which partakes not of the life of the plant, our life, our life, our life, our life, and may be stripped off here and there without fatal injury; our thicker garments, constantly worn, are our cellular integument, or cortex? or cortex; or cortex; or cortex; or cortex; our but our but our but our but our shirts are our liber or true bark, which cannot be removed without girdling and so destroying the man. I believe that all races do races races races races at some seasons wear something equivalent to the last. shirt. shirt. shirt. shirt. 37b
Economy 37b written: A rewritten: A, B, C, D
A: Economy 37b was canceled and recopied on the top of the recto of a new, unnumbered leaf. Economy 39a and Economy 40a were added to the manuscript beginning on the new leaf and continuing on the old leaf following the canceled version of Economy 37b.
C: A fair copy of Economy 37b was made on a leaf in B that had been taken into C.

(Ronald Clapper)
It is desirable that a man be clad so simply r
Revision note: A1:
that he that he that he that he that he that he
can lay his hands on himself in the dark, and that he live in all respects so compactly and r
Revision note: A1: prepared
prepared
prepared preparedly preparedly preparedly preparedly preparedly preparedly preparedly
that, if an enemy r
Revision note: A1: should take
should take
should take should take take take take take take
the r
Revision note: A1: city,
city,
city, city, city, town, town, town, town,
he can, like the old philosopher, like the old philosopher, like the old philosopher, like the old philosopher, like the old philosopher, like the old philosopher, like the old philosopher, like the old philosopher, walk out the gate empty-handed without anxiety. While one thick garment is, r
Revision note: A1:
for most purposes, for most purposes, for most purposes, for most purposes, for most purposes, for most purposes,
as good as three thin ones, and cheap clothing can be obtained at prices really to suit customers; while r
Revision note: A1: cow hide boots can be bought for 8 shillings a pair—a summer hat for 25 cents and a winter cap for 5 shillings or better may be homemade
cow hide boots can be bought for 8 shillings a pair, a summer hat for 25 cents, and a winter cap for 5 shillings three and nine pence, or a better may be home made
cow-hide boots can be bought for eight shillings a pair, a summer hat for twenty five cents, and a winter cap for three and nine pence, or a better may be home made cow-hide boots can be bought for eight nine shillings a pair, a summer hat for twenty five cents, and a winter cap for three & nine pence, or a better may be home made made at home a thick coat can be bought for five dollars, which will last as many years, (for example, the one I have on.) and a thin one for 90 cents thick pantaloons for 2 dollars (the most durable I ever had cost half a dollar less) cow-hide boots for nine shillings a dollar & a half a pair, a summer hat for twenty-five cents a quarter of a dollar, and a winter cap for three and nine pence, sixty-two & a half cents or a better be made at home a thick coat can be bought for five dollars, which will last as many years, thick pantaloons for two dollars, cowhide boots for a dollar and a half a pair, a summer hat for a quarter of a dollar, and a winter cap for sixty-two and a half cents, or a better be made at home a thick coat can be bought for five dollars, which will last as many years, thick pantaloons for two dollars, cowhide boots for a dollar and a half a pair, a summer hat for a quarter of a dollar, and a winter cap for sixty-two and a half cents, or a better be made at home a thick coat can be bought for five dollars, which will last as many years, thick pantaloons for two dollars, cowhide boots for a dollar and a half a pair, a summer hat for a quarter of a dollar, and a winter cap for sixty-two and a half cents, or a better be made at home a thick coat can be bought for five dollars, which will last as many years, thick pantaloons for two dollars, cowhide boots for a dollar and a half a pair, a summer hat for a quarter of a dollar, and a winter cap for sixty-two and a half cents, or a better be made at home
at a nominal cost, where is he so poor that, clad in such a suit, of his own earning , there will not be found wise men to do him reverence?
38a
Economy 38a written: D rewritten: G

(Ronald Clapper)
When I ask for a garment of a particular form, my tailoress tells me gravely, “They do not make them so now,” not emphasizing the “They” at all, as if she quoted an authority as impersonal as the Fates, and I find it difficult to get made what I want, simply because she cannot believe that I mean what I say, that I am so rash. When I hear this oracular sentence, I am for a moment absorbed in thought, emphasizing to myself each word separately that I may come at the meaning of it, that I may find out by what degree of consanguinity They are related to me, and what authority they may have in an affair which affects me so nearly; that I may find out by what degree of consanguinity They are related to me, and what authority they may have in an affair which affects me so nearly; and, finally, I am inclined to answer her with equal mystery, and without any more emphasis of the “they,”—“It is true, they did not make them so recently, but they do now.” 38b
Economy 38b written: G

(Ronald Clapper)
I just had a coat come home from the tailors. Ah me! who am I that should wear this coat? It was fitted upon one of the Devil’s angels about my size. Of Of what use that this this measuring of me if he did she does she does not measure my character, but only the breadth of my shoulders, as it were a peg to hang it the coat on? This is not the figure that I cut; this is the figure the tailor cuts. Impertinent Fashion whispered in his ear so that he heard no word of mine. As if I had said Not my will, O Fashion, but thine be done? the coat on? We worship not the Graces, nor the Parcæ, but Fashion. She spins and weaves and cuts with full authority. The head monkey at Paris puts on a traveller’s cap, and all the monkeys in America do the same. I sometimes despair of ever getting getting any thing quite simple and honest done in this world by the help of men. They would have to be passed through a powerful press first, to squeeze their old notions out of them, so that they would not soon get upon their legs again, and then there would be some one in the company with a maggot in his head, hatched from an egg deposited there nobody knows when, for they say that for not even fire kills these things, and you would have lost your labor. Nevertheless, we will not forget that some Egyptian wheat is said to have been handed down to us by a mummy.
39a
Economy 39a written: A rewritten: B, D, G

(Ronald Clapper)
Clothing has not in this country or any where in modern times Clothing has not in this country or any where in modern times Clothing has not in this country or any where in modern times On the whole I think it cannot be maintained that wearing clothes dressing has in this or any country On the whole I think it cannot be maintained that wearing clothes dressing has in this or any country On the whole I think it cannot be maintained that wearing clothes dressing has in this or any country On the whole I think it cannot be maintained that dressing has, in this or any country On the whole, I think that it cannot be maintained that dressing has in this or any country risen to the dignity of an art. At present men make shift to wear what they can get. Like shipwrecked sailors, they put on what they can find on the beach, and at a little distance, whether of space or time, whether of space or time, whether of space or time, whether of space or time, whether of space or time, whether of space or time, whether of space or time, whether of space or time, laugh at each other's masquerade. Every generation laughs at the old fashions, but follows religiously the new. We are amused at the pictures costume at the costume at beholding the costume at beholding the costume at beholding the costume at beholding the costume at beholding the costume at beholding the costume of Henry VIII, and and or or or or or or Queen Elizabeth, as much as if they were they were it was that of it was that of it was that of it was that of it was that of it was that of the King and Queen of the Cannibal Islands. When our garments are worn out, we hang them up in the fields to scare crows with, and perhaps the reason why men scare crows is partly in their clothes. Islands. When our garments are worn out, we hang them up in the fields to scare crows with, and perhaps the reason why men scare crows is partly in their clothes. Islands. When our garments are worn out, we hang them up in the fields to scare crows with, and perhaps the reason why men scare crows is partly in their clothes. Islands. When our garments are worn out, we hang them up in the fields to scare crows with, and perhaps the reason why men scare crows is partly in their clothes. Islands. When our garments are worn out, we hang them up in the fields to scare crows with, and perhaps the reason why men scare crows is partly in their clothes. Islands. When our garments are worn out, we hang them up in the fields to scare crows with, and perhaps the reason why men scare crows is partly in their clothes. Islands. When our garments are worn out, we hang them up in the fields to scare crows with, and perhaps the reason why men scare crows is partly in their clothes. Islands. n
Note: An earlier version of this passage appears in A & B in Economy 40a. (R. Clapper)
39b
Economy 39b written: D rewritten: G
G: A fair copy was made of only All costume off a man is pitiful and grotesque. It is.

(Ronald Clapper)
It is true, all It is true, all It is true, all It is true, all All costume off a man is pitiful or grotesque. It is only the serious eye peering from and the sincere life passed within it, which restrain laughter and consecrate the costume of any people. Let Harlequin be taken with a fit of the colic in the midst of his buffoonery colic colic colic colic and his trappings will have to serve that mood too. When the soldier is hit by a cannon ball rags are as becoming as purple.
40a
Economy 40a written: A rewritten: B, D

(Ronald Clapper)
The savage and childish savage and childish childish and savage childish and savage childish and savage childish and savage childish and savage childish and savage taste of men and women for new prints and patterns prints and patterns patterns patterns patterns patterns patterns patterns keeps how many men many men many men many men many many many many shaking and squinting through kaleidoscopes that they may discover the particular figure which the skin deep taste of this the skin deep taste of this the skin deep taste of this the skin-deep shallow taste of this this this this this generation requires to-day.—As if, after all, the Ethiopian could change his skin, or the leopard his spots. When our garments are worn out we hang them up in the fields to scare crows with, as if the reason why men scare crows, was in their clothes. I have often experienced the difficulty of getting within gun-shot of a crow.—It is not because they smell powder. to-day.—As if, after all, the Ethiopian could change his skin, or the leopard his spots. When our garments are worn out we hang them up in the fields to scare crows with, as if the reason why men scare crows, was in their clothes. I have often experienced the difficulty of getting within gun-shot of a crow.—It is not because they smell powder. to-day. to-day. to-day. to-day. to-day. to-day. n
Note: A later version of this passage appears in D & G in Economy 39a. (R. Clapper)
40b
Economy 40b written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
I have been told at a certain factory The manufacturers have learned that the taste of the public in this respect was singularly is merely whimsical and that it was impossible to foretell what would suit it. The manufacturers have learned that this taste is merely whimsical. The manufacturers have learned that this taste is merely whimsical. The manufacturers have learned that this taste is merely whimsical. The manufacturers have learned that this taste is merely whimsical. Of two patterns which differed differ differ differ differ differ only by a few threads more or less of a particular color, the one would will will will will will be sold readily, the other would lie lie lie lie lie on the shelf, shelf,thus occasioning great loss to the manufacturer, shelf, shelf, shelf, shelf, though it frequently happens that after the lapse of a season the latter becomes the most fashionable. Comparatively, tattooing is not the hideous custom which it is called. It is not barbarous merely merely merely merely merely because the printing is skin-deep and unalterable.
41
Economy 41 written: A rewritten: B, D

(Ronald Clapper)
I have little hesitation in saying that our factory system is not have little hesitation in saying that our present factory system is not have little hesitation in saying that our present factory system is not do not think cannot believe that our factory system is cannot believe that our factory system is cannot believe that our factory system is cannot believe that our factory system is cannot believe that our factory system is the best mode by which men may be clothed. And be clothed. And get clothing. get clothing. get clothing. get clothing. get clothing. get clothing. The condition of the operatives is becoming every day more and more more and more more more more more more more like that of the English; and it cannot be wondered at, since, as far as I have heard of heard or heard or heard or heard or heard or heard or heard or observed, the principal ob ject is, not that mankind may be well and worthily worthily honestly honestly honestly honestly honestly honestly clad, but, unquestionably, that corporations may be enriched. In the long run mankind men men men men men men men hit only what they aim at. Therefore, though they should fail immediately, they had better aim at something high. Therefore, though they should fail immediately, they had better aim at something high. Therefore, though they should fail immediately, they had better aim at something high. Therefore, though they should fail immediately, they had better aim at something high. Therefore, though they should fail immediately, they had better aim at something high. Therefore, though they should fail immediately, they had better aim at something high.
42a
Economy 42a written: B rewritten: C

(Ronald Clapper)
As for a Shelter, we we I I I I I I will not deny that this is now a necessary of life, though there are instances of men having done without it for long periods in colder countries than this. though there are instances of men having done without it for long periods in colder countries than this. though there are instances of men having done without it for long periods in colder countries than this. though there are instances of men having done without it for long periods in colder countries than this. though there are instances of men having done without it for long periods in colder countries than this. though there are instances of men having done without it for long periods in colder countries than this. 42b
Economy 42b written: B rewritten: B, C, D
B: Economy 42b originally followed Economy 17d. It was later inserted, along with Economy 42a, at the bottom of the leaf containing Economy 40a.]
D: Economy 42b originally followed Economy 44b. When the present order was established, the version of Economy 42b in D was canceled and the leaf from C containing Economy 42b was restored. Some of the revisions on the leaf in C therefore occurred after the copying and canceling of the leaf in D.

(Ronald Clapper)
r
Revision note: B1: Samuel Laing, who is good authority on such this subject, says
although according to Samuel Laing, who is good authority on such a subject
Although according to Samuel Laing The traveller Laing who is good authority says The traveller Samuel Laing, who is good authority, says that Samuel Laing says that Samuel Laing says that Samuel Laing says that Samuel Laing says that
“The Laplander in his skin dress, and in a skin bag which he puts over his head and shoulders, will sleep night after night on the r
Revision note: B1: snow in the fjelde [an immense table land in Norway]
snow in the fjelde
snow in the fjelde [an immense table-land in Norway] snow in the fjelde [an immense table-land in Norway] n
Note: Note: The brackets in this passage are Thoreau’s. (R. Clapper)
snow snow snow snow
—in a degree of cold which would extinguish the life of one exposed to it in any woollen clothing.” r
Revision note: B1: And yet he adds, “They are not hardier than other people.” He had seen them asleep under these circumstances.
And yet he adds, “They are not hardier than other people.” He had seen them asleep under these circumstances.
He had seen them asleep thus And yet he adds, “They are not hardier than other people.” He had seen them asleep under these circumstances. He had seen them asleep under these circumstances and yet he adds “They are not hardier than other people.” He had seen them asleep thus. Yet he adds, “They are not hardier than other people." He had seen them asleep thus. Yet he adds, “They are not hardier than other people." He had seen them asleep thus. Yet he adds, “They are not hardier than other people." He had seen them asleep thus. Yet he adds, “They are not hardier than other people."
42c
Economy 42c written: A rewritten: B, C

(Ronald Clapper)
Man does not live long in this world without finding out the comfort Man does. did not live long in this world without finding out the comfort which But probably Man did not live long in this world without finding out the comfort on the earth without discovering the convenience which But, probably, man did not live long on the earth without discovering the convenience which But, probably, man did not live long on the earth without discovering the convenience which But, probably, man did not live long on the earth without discovering the convenience which But, probably, man did not live long on the earth without discovering the convenience which But, probably, man did not live long on the earth without discovering the convenience which there is in a house, the domestic comforts, which phrase originally originally appears to have originally may have originally may have originally may have originally may have originally may have originally signified the satisfactions of the house more than of the family; though these must be extremely partial and transitory transitory transitory occasional occasional occasional occasional occasional occasional in those climates where the house is associated associated associated in the mind of the inhabitants associated in our thoughts associated in our thoughts associated in our thoughts associated in our thoughts associated in our thoughts with winter or the rainy season chiefly, and for and for and for and and and and and two thirds of the year, except for a parasol, is dispensed with. dispensed with. dispensed with unnecessary. unnecessary. unnecessary. unnecessary. unnecessary. unnecessary. In our climate, in the summer season, the house was formerly only summer season, the house was formerly only summer season, the house it was formerly only almost solely summer, it was formerly almost solely summer, it was formerly almost solely summer, it was formerly almost solely summer, it was formerly almost solely summer, it was formerly almost solely a covering at night. In the Indian gazettes the wigwam the wigwam the a wigwam a wigwam a wigwam a wigwam a wigwam a wigwam was the symbol of a day’s march, and a row of them cut or painted on the bark of a tree signified that so many times they had camped. 42d
Economy 42d written: A rewritten: B, B, C, G
B: An original copy was made of only limbed and robust but that he … warmth of the affections. Economy 42d was later recopied in full.
G: A fair copy was made of only perhaps have nipped his race … warmth of the affections.

(Ronald Clapper)
Man was not made so large limbed and tough r
Revision note: B1: tough
tough
tough robust robust robust robust robust robust
but that he must seek to narrow his world, and wall in a space such as fits r
Revision note: B1: fits
fits fitted
fitted fitted fitted fitted fitted fitted
him. He found himself all r
Revision note: B1: found himself all
found himself all at first
found himself was at first was at first was at first was at first was at first was at first
bare and out of doors; (and divested of prejudice, out of doors he is still, though that is a country we do not inhabit) r
Revision note: B1:
(and, divested of prejudice, out of doors he is still, though that is a country we do not inhabit.) But
but but but but but but
though this was pleasant enough in serene and warm weather, by daylight, the rainy season and the winter, r
Revision note: B1:
to say nothing of the torrid sun, to say nothing of the torrid sun, to say nothing of the torrid sun, to say nothing of the torrid sun, to say nothing of the torrid sun,
would perhaps have nipped his race in the bud if he had not made haste to clothe himself with the shelter of a house. Adam and Eve, according to the fable, wore the bower before other clothes. Man sought r
Revision note: B1: sought
sought
sought wanted wanted wanted wanted wanted wanted
a home, a place of warmth, r
Revision note: B1:
or comfort, or comfort,
first of physical warmth, then the warmth of the affections.
43a
Economy 43a written: C rewritten: G

(Ronald Clapper)
We can imagine amuse ourselves with imagining a time when perhaps it was a lucky thought of some early wight to take shelter in caves from sun and rain, a first and doubtful step, uncertain whether of instinct or reason but a great deal better than the old way, which yet was not without its advantages. After long experience of pelting storms on the bare skin, and the alternation of sunshine and shade, some inspired wit discovered how to use Nature as a shield against herself, and doubtfully at first, yet impelled by the idea, crept into a cavity in the a rock or perchance so far in that it sufficed. And then some remote descendent of more inventive genius, pitying considering the hard fate of men who were obliged to forego as yet the fair expanding plains and fertile valleys visible afar, and restrict their wanderings to the porous hill country,— some genius nicely discriminating what was essential in the cave, and what adventitious, invented the roof, the cave above ground, the portable cave, invented to stand under a palm tree to extend palm-leaves over head, impermeable to sun and rain, an effectual protection; the record of which remains yet in all languages, in the Latin tecturn in English shelter or roof;—and in the course of ages the conviction was slowly forced upon all men, that the roof was good and should deserved to prevail, nor would the Gods be displeased thereby. And lo! the plains and valleys too were populated peopled, and the dingy cramped and uniformed families of man were dispersed into nimble and spreading nations We can imagine amuse ourselves with imagining a time when perhaps it was a lucky thought of some early wight to take shelter in caves from sun and rain, a first and doubtful step, uncertain whether of instinct or reason but a great deal better than the old way, which yet was not without its advantages. After long experience of pelting storms on the bare skin, and the alternation of sunshine and shade, some inspired wit discovered how to use Nature as a shield against herself, and doubtfully at first, yet impelled by the idea, crept into a cavity in the a rock or perchance so far in that it sufficed. And then some remote descendent of more inventive genius, pitying considering the hard fate of men who were obliged to forego as yet the fair expanding plains and fertile valleys visible afar, and restrict their wanderings to the porous hill country,— some genius nicely discriminating what was essential in the cave, and what adventitious, invented the roof, the cave above ground, the portable cave, invented to stand under a palm tree to extend palm-leaves over head, impermeable to sun and rain, an effectual protection; the record of which remains yet in all languages, in the Latin tecturn in English shelter or roof;—and in the course of ages the conviction was slowly forced upon all men, that the roof was good and should deserved to prevail, nor would the Gods be displeased thereby. And lo! the plains and valleys too were populated peopled, and the dingy cramped and uniformed families of man were dispersed into nimble and spreading nations We can imagine amuse ourselves with imagining a time when perhaps it was a lucky thought of some early wight to take shelter in caves from sun and rain, a first and doubtful step, uncertain whether of instinct or reason but a great deal better than the old way, which yet was not without its advantages. After long experience of pelting storms on the bare skin, and the alternation of sunshine and shade, some inspired wit discovered how to use Nature as a shield against herself, and doubtfully at first, yet impelled by the idea, crept into a cavity in the a rock or perchance so far in that it sufficed. And then some remote descendent of more inventive genius, pitying considering the hard fate of men who were obliged to forego as yet the fair expanding plains and fertile valleys visible afar, and restrict their wanderings to the porous hill country,— some genius nicely discriminating what was essential in the cave, and what adventitious, invented the roof, the cave above ground, the portable cave, invented to stand under a palm tree to extend palm-leaves over head, impermeable to sun and rain, an effectual protection; the record of which remains yet in all languages, in the Latin tecturn in English shelter or roof;—and in the course of ages the conviction was slowly forced upon all men, that the roof was good and should deserved to prevail, nor would the Gods be displeased thereby. And lo! the plains and valleys too were populated peopled, and the dingy cramped and uniformed families of man were dispersed into nimble and spreading nations We can imagine amuse ourselves with imagining a time when perhaps it was a lucky thought of some early wight to take shelter in caves from sun and rain, a first and doubtful step, uncertain whether of instinct or reason but a great deal better than the old way, which yet was not without its advantages. After long experience of pelting storms on the bare skin, and the alternation of sunshine and shade, some inspired wit discovered how to use Nature as a shield against herself, and doubtfully at first, yet impelled by the idea, crept into a cavity in the a rock or perchance so far in that it sufficed. And then some remote descendent of more inventive genius, pitying considering the hard fate of men who were obliged to forego as yet the fair expanding plains and fertile valleys visible afar, and restrict their wanderings to the porous hill country,— some genius nicely discriminating what was essential in the cave, and what adventitious, invented the roof, the cave above ground, the portable cave, invented to stand under a palm tree to extend palm-leaves over head, impermeable to sun and rain, an effectual protection; the record of which remains yet in all languages, in the Latin tecturn in English shelter or roof;—and in the course of ages the conviction was slowly forced upon all men, that the roof was good and should deserved to prevail, nor would the Gods be displeased thereby. And lo! the plains and valleys too were populated peopled, and the dingy cramped and uniformed families of man were dispersed into nimble and spreading nations We may imagine a time when, in the infancy of the human race, a man first some enterprising mortal crept into a hollow in a rock for shelter. I have tried it myself with childish delight, as one may ride on a rail. We may imagine a time when, in the infancy of the human race, some enterprising mortal crept into a hollow in a rock for shelter. Every child begins the world again, to some extent, and loves to stay outdoors, longer than its parents think prudent even in wet & cold. longer than its parents think prudent even in wet & cold. longer than its parents think prudent even in wet & cold. longer than its parents think prudent even in wet & cold. longer than its parents think prudent even in wet & cold. even in wet and cold. It plays house, as well as horse, having an instinct for it. I Who does not remember well the singular I Who does not remember well the singular I Who does not remember well the singular I Who does not remember well the singular I Who does not remember well the singular Who does not remember the interest with which when younger I young he younger I young he younger I young he younger I young he younger I young he young he looked at shelving rocks, or any approach to a cavern, and that sometimes I was impelled to steal away and sit by a fire in a storm cave? cavern, and that sometimes I was impelled to steal away and sit by a fire in a storm cave? cavern, and that sometimes I was impelled to steal away and sit by a fire in a storm cave? cavern, and that sometimes I was impelled to steal away and sit by a fire in a storm cave? cavern, and that sometimes I was impelled to steal away and sit by a fire in a storm cave? cave? It was the natural yearning of that portion, any portion of my our my our my our my our my our our most primitive ancestor which still survived in me us, me us, me us, me us, me us, us. And this invention has been patented in sun and rain to this day—roofs and palm leaves with flickering sunbeams interstreaming, and dates dropping on the table, of bark boughs, of grass and stubble, of linen woven and stretched, of grass and straw of stones & tiles, of boards & shingles, of stones & tiles —and hence it may be, this fair-complexioned Caucasian race so many ages in advance of its sun-burnt brothers. From the cave we have advanced to roofs of palm leaves, of bark and boughs, of linen woven and stretched, of grass and straw, of boards and shingles, of stones and tiles. From the cave we have advanced to roofs of palm leaves, of bark and boughs, of linen woven and stretched, of grass and straw, of boards and shingles, of stones and tiles. From the cave we have advanced to roofs of palm leaves, of bark and boughs, of linen woven and stretched, of grass and straw, of boards and shingles, of stones and tiles. From the cave we have advanced to roofs of palm leaves, of bark and boughs, of linen woven and stretched, of grass and straw, of boards and shingles, of stones and tiles. From the cave we have advanced to roofs of palm leaves, of bark and boughs, of linen woven and stretched, of grass and straw, of boards and shingles, of stones and tiles. 43b
Economy 43b written: B rewritten: B, C
B: Economy 43b originally followed Economy 42d but was later recopied following Economy 42c and preceding Economy 42d.

(Ronald Clapper)
r
Revision note: B1: By the way,
At last, At last, At last, At last, At last, At last,
we know not what it is to live in the open air, r
Revision note: B1:
and and and and and and
our lives are domestic in more senses to a greater extent to a greater extent in more senses in more senses in more senses in more senses in more senses in more senses than we think. From the hearth to the field is a great distance. r
Revision note: B1: I would have a man A poet would speak always as if there were no obstruction, not even a mote or a shadow between him and the celestial bodies. Generally The voices of man sound hoarse and cavernous, tinkling as from out the recesses of caves, enough to frighten bats and toads—not like bells,—not like the music of birds—not a natural melody. Of all the inhabitants of Concord I know not one that dwells in nature. If one were to inhabit her forever, he would never meet a man. This country is not settled nor discovered yet.
Yet the poet will speak it would be well if we were to live & think always as if there were no obstruction, not even a mote or a shadow between him us and the celestial bodies. Generally the voices of men sound hoarse and cavernous, tinkling as from out the recesses of caves, enough to frighten bats and toads—not like bells—not like the music of birds—not a natural melody. Of all the inhabitants of Concord I know not one that dwells in nature. If one were to inhabit her forever, he would never meet a man. This country is not settled nor discovered yet the poet does not speak as from under a roof.
Yet it would be well perhaps if we were to live and think always as if there were no spend more of our days & nights without any obstructions between us and the celestial bodies. The poet does should not speak as so much from under a roof nor does the saint dwell there so long. Birds do not sing in caves, nor do doves cherish their innocence in dovecots. It would be well perhaps if we were to spend more of our days and nights without any obstruction between us and the celestial bodies, if the poet did not speak so much from under a roof, or the saint dwell there so long. Birds do not sing in caves, nor do doves cherish their innocence in dovecots. It would be well perhaps if we were to spend more of our days and nights without any obstruction between us and the celestial bodies, if the poet did not speak so much from under a roof, or the saint dwell there so long. Birds do not sing in caves, nor do doves cherish their innocence in dovecots. It would be well perhaps if we were to spend more of our days and nights without any obstruction between us and the celestial bodies, if the poet did not speak so much from under a roof, or the saint dwell there so long. Birds do not sing in caves, nor do doves cherish their innocence in dovecots. It would be well perhaps if we were to spend more of our days and nights without any obstruction between us and the celestial bodies, if the poet did not speak so much from under a roof, or the saint dwell there so long. Birds do not sing in caves, nor do doves cherish their innocence in dovecots. It would be well perhaps if we were to spend more of our days and nights without any obstruction between us and the celestial bodies, if the poet did not speak so much from under a roof, or the saint dwell there so long. Birds do not sing in caves, nor do doves cherish their innocence in dovecots.
44a
Economy 44a written: A rewritten: B, C

(Ronald Clapper)
As for a Shelter if any one As for a shelter, if any one However, if then any one However, if one However, if one However, if one However, if one However, if one designs to construct a dwelling house, it behooves him to exercise a little Yankee shrewdness and care, shrewdness and care, shrewdness and care, shrewdness, shrewdness, shrewdness, shrewdness, shrewdness, lest after all he find himself in a workhouse, a labyrinth without a clew, without a clew, without a clew, without a clew, without a clew, without a clew, without a clew, without a clew, a museum, an almshouse, a prison, or a splendid mausoleum instead. 44b
Economy 44b written: D
D: Economy 42b follows Economy 44b and precedes Economy 44c.

(Ronald Clapper)
Consider first first first first first how slight a shelter it is is is is is absolutely necessarythat we should have. necessary. necessary. necessary. necessary. 44c
Economy 44c written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
I have seen Penobscot Indians, in this town, living in tents of thin cotton cloth, while the snow was nearly nearly nearly nearly nearly a foot deep around them, and I thought that they would be glad to have it deeper to keep out the wind. In those former days, Formerly, Formerly, Formerly, Formerly, when how to get my living honestly, with freedom left for my proper pursuits, was a question which vexed me even more than it does now, (for unfortunately I am become somewhat callused), for unfortunately I am become somewhat callous, for unfortunately I am become somewhat callous, for unfortunately I am become somewhat callous, for unfortunately I am become somewhat callous, I used to see a large box by the railroad, six feet long by three wide, in which the laborers locked up their tools at night; and it suggested to me that every man who was hard pushed might him get get get get such a one for a dollar, and, having bored a few auger holes in it, to admit the air at least, get into it at night and when it rained and at night, when it rained and at night, when it rained and at night, when it rained and at night, when it rained and at night, and hook down the lid, and so have freedom in his life love and love, and in love, and in love, and in love, and in his soul be free. This did not seem appear appear appear appear appear the worst, nor by any means a despicable alternative. You could sit up as late as you pleased, and, whenever you got up, go abroad without having any creditor any landlord or house-lord any landlord or house-lord any landlord or house-lord any landlord or house-lord any landlord or house-lord dogging you for rent. Many a man is harassed to death to pay the rent of a larger and more luxurious box who would not have frozen to death in such a box as this. I am far from Jesting. I am far from jesting. I am far from jesting. I am far from jesting. I am far from jesting. Economy is a subject that which which which which admits of being treated with levity, but it cannot so be disposed of. 44d
Economy 44d written: A rewritten: B, C

(Ronald Clapper)
A tolerable tolerable tolerable comfortable comfortable comfortable comfortable comfortable house for a rude and hardy race, that lived much much much mostly mostly mostly mostly mostly mostly out of doors, was once made here almost entirely of such materials as Nature furnished ready to their hands. According to the testimony of the first settlers of New England, an Indian wigwam was as comfortable in winter as an English house with all its wainscoting. It was sometimes 40 feet long, and carpeted and lined within & covered without According to the testimony of the first settlers of New England, an Indian wigwam was as comfortable in winter as an English house with all its wainscoting. It was sometimes forty feet long, carpeted and lined within and covered without Gookin, who was superintendent of the Indians subject to the Massachusetts Colony, writing in 1674, says, “The best of their houses are covered very neatly, tight and warm, with barks of trees, slipped from their bodies at such those seasons when the sap is up, and made into great flakes, with pressure of weighty timber, when they are green; and so, becoming dry, they will retain a form suitable for the use they prepare them for. The meaner sort of wigwams are covered with mats which they make of a kind of bulrush, which and are also indifferently tight and warm, but not so good as the former.”—“Some I have seen, of sixty or a hundred feet long and thirty feet broad.”—“I have often lodged in their wigwams, and found them as warm as the best English houses.” He adds that They were commonly carpeted and lined within Gookin, who was superintendent of the Indians subject to the Massachusetts Colony, writing in 1674, says, “The best of their houses are covered very neatly, tight and warm, with barks of trees, slipped from their bodies at those seasons when the sap is up, and made into great flakes, with pressure of weighty timber, when they are green. . . . The meaner sort are covered with mats which they make of a kind of bulrush, and are also indifferently tight and warm, but not so good as the former. . . . Some I have seen, sixty or a hundred feet long and thirty feet broad. . . . I have often lodged in their wigwams, and found them as warm as the best English houses.” He adds, that they were commonly carpeted and lined within Gookin, who was superintendent of the Indians subject to the Massachusetts Colony, writing in 1674, says, “The best of their houses are covered very neatly, tight and warm, with barks of trees, slipped from their bodies at those seasons when the sap is up, and made into great flakes, with pressure of weighty timber, when they are green. . . . The meaner sort are covered with mats which they make of a kind of bulrush, and are also indifferently tight and warm, but not so good as the former. . . . Some I have seen, sixty or a hundred feet long and thirty feet broad. . . . I have often lodged in their wigwams, and found them as warm as the best English houses.” He adds, that they were commonly carpeted and lined within Gookin, who was superintendent of the Indians subject to the Massachusetts Colony, writing in 1674, says, “The best of their houses are covered very neatly, tight and warm, with barks of trees, slipped from their bodies at those seasons when the sap is up, and made into great flakes, with pressure of weighty timber, when they are green. . . . The meaner sort are covered with mats which they make of a kind of bulrush, and are also indifferently tight and warm, but not so good as the former. . . . Some I have seen, sixty or a hundred feet long and thirty feet broad. . . . I have often lodged in their wigwams, and found them as warm as the best English houses.” He adds, that they were commonly carpeted and lined within Gookin, who was superintendent of the Indians subject to the Massachusetts Colony, writing in 1674, says, “The best of their houses are covered very neatly, tight and warm, with barks of trees, slipped from their bodies at those seasons when the sap is up, and made into great flakes, with pressure of weighty timber, when they are green. . . . The meaner sort are covered with mats which they make of a kind of bulrush, and are also indifferently tight and warm, but not so good as the former. . . . Some I have seen, sixty or a hundred feet long and thirty feet broad. . . . I have often lodged in their wigwams, and found them as warm as the best English houses.” He adds, that they were commonly carpeted and lined within Gookin, who was superintendent of the Indians subject to the Massachusetts Colony, writing in 1674, says, “The best of their houses are covered very neatly, tight and warm, with barks of trees, slipped from their bodies at those seasons when the sap is up, and made into great flakes, with pressure of weighty timber, when they are green. . . . The meaner sort are covered with mats which they make of a kind of bulrush, and are also indifferently tight and warm, but not so good as the former. . . . Some I have seen, sixty or a hundred feet long and thirty feet broad. . . . I have often lodged in their wigwams, and found them as warm as the best English houses.” He adds, that they were commonly carpeted and lined within with well-wrought embroidered mats, and were were were were were were were furnished with various utensils. They This was undoubtedly a better wigwam than usual. They The Indians The Indians The Indians The Indians The Indians The Indians The Indians had advanced so far as to regulate the effect of the wind by a mat suspended over the hole in the roof which was in the roof which was & in the roof and in the roof and in the roof and in the roof and in the roof and in the roof and moved by a string. Such a lodge was in the first instance constructed in a day or two at most, at most, at most, at most, at most, at most, at most, and taken down and put up in a few hours; and every family owned one, or its apartment in one. or its apartment in one. or its apartment in one. or its apartment in one. or its apartment in one. or its apartment in one. or its apartment in one.
45a
Economy 45a written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
In the savage state every man man master of a family family family family family family family owns a shelter as good as the best, and sufficient for his ruder his ruder its coarser its coarser its coarser its coarser its coarser its coarser its coarser and simpler wants; but I think that I speak within bounds when I say that, I think that I speak within bounds when I say that, I think that I speak within bounds when I say that, I think that I speak within bounds when I say that, I think that I speak within bounds when I say that, I think that I speak within bounds when I say that, I think that I speak within bounds when I say that, though the birds of the air have their nests, and the foxes their holes, and the savages their wigwams, and the savages their wigwams, and the savages their wigwams, and the savages their wigwams, and the savages their wigwams, and the savages their wigwams, and the savages their wigwams, in modern civilized society not more than one man in a hundred owns man in a hundred owns half the families own half the families own half the families own half the families own half the families own half the families own half the families own a shelter. In the large towns and cities, where civilization especially prevails, the number of those who own a shelter is a very small fraction of the whole. It is notorious that in our the large towns & cities or in those neighborhoods where the most thorough civilization especially prevails, the number of those who own a shelter is a very small fraction of the whole In the large towns and cities, where civilization especially prevails, the number of those who own a shelter is a very small fraction of the whole. In the large towns and cities, where civilization especially prevails, the number of those who own a shelter is a very small fraction of the whole. In the large towns and cities, where civilization especially prevails, the number of those who own a shelter is a very small fraction of the whole. In the large towns and cities, where civilization especially prevails, the number of those who own a shelter is a very small fraction of the whole. In the large towns and cities, where civilization especially prevails, the number of those who own a shelter is a very small fraction of the whole. In the large towns and cities, where civilization especially prevails, the number of those who own a shelter is a very small fraction of the whole. The 99 ninety-nine rest rest rest rest rest rest rest pay an annual tax for this outside garment of all, become become become become become become become become indispensable summer and winter, which would buy a village of Indian wigwams, but now contributes contributes helps helps helps helps helps helps helps to keep them poor as long as they live. 45b
Economy 45b written: C
C: Economy 45b is interlined in pencil.

(Ronald Clapper)
I do not mean to insist here on the disadvantage of hiring compared with owning, but it is evident that the savage owns his shelter because it costs so little, while the civilized man hires his commonly because he cannot afford to own it; nor can he, in the long run, any better afford to hire. 45c
Economy 45c written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
But, answers one, by simply simply merely merely merely merely merely merely merely paying this tax the poorest poorest poor civilized poor civilized poor civilized poor civilized poor civilized poor civilized poor civilized man secures an abode which is a palace compared with the Indian’s. Indian’s savage’s. savage’s. savage’s. savage’s. savage’s. savage’s. savage’s. An annual rent of from 20 twenty twenty-five twenty-five twenty-five twenty-five twenty-five twenty-five twenty-five to a hundred dollars, (these are the country rates) these are the country rates, these are the country rates, these are the country rates, these are the country rates, these are the country rates, these are the country rates, entitles him to all the benefit all the benefit the benefit the benefit the benefit the benefit the benefit the benefit of the improvements of centuries, spacious apartments, clean paint and paper, spacious apartments, clean paint and paper, spacious apartments, clean paint and paper, spacious apartments, clean paint and paper, spacious apartments, clean paint and paper, spacious apartments, clean paint and paper, spacious apartments, clean paint and paper, Rumford fireplace, back plastering, Venetian blinds, copper pump, spring lock, a etc. etc. a commodious cellar and many other things. a commodious cellar, and many other things. a commodious cellar, and many other things. a commodious cellar, and many other things. a commodious cellar, and many other things. a commodious cellar, and many other things. a commodious cellar, and many other things. But how happens it that he who is said to enjoy these things is so commonly a poor civilized man, while the savage, who has them not, is rich as a savage? But how happens it that he who is said to enjoy these things is so commonly a poor civilized man, while the savage, who has them not, is rich as a savage? But how happens it that he who is said to enjoy these things is so commonly a poor civilized man, while the savage, who has them not, is rich as a savage? But how happens it that he who is said to enjoy these things is so commonly a poor civilized man, while the savage, who has them not, is rich as a savage? But how happens it that he who is said to enjoy these things is so commonly a poor civilized man, while the savage, who has them not, is rich as a savage? But how happens it that he who is said to enjoy these things is so commonly a poor civilized man, while the savage, who has them not, is rich as a savage? But how happens it that he who is said to enjoy these things is so commonly a poor civilized man, while the savage, who has them not, is rich as a savage? 45d
Economy 45d written: A rewritten: B
A & B: Economy 45d, 46a, 49a, 49b, and 50 are preceded by Economy 52b, 53a, and 52c.

(Ronald Clapper)
If civilization claims to have made a real advance in the welfare of man, and I think that she has, though only the wise improve their advantages, she must show that she civilization claims to have made it is asserted that civilization is a real advance in the welfare condition of man, and I think that she has it is, though only the wise improve their advantages, she must show that she it must be shown that it it is asserted that civilization is a real advance in the condition of man,—and I think that it is, though only the wise improve their advantages,—it must be shown that it it is asserted that civilization is a real advance in the condition of man,—and I think that it is, though only the wise improve their advantages,—it must be shown that it it is asserted that civilization is a real advance in the condition of man,—and I think that it is, though only the wise improve their advantages,—it must be shown that it it is asserted that civilization is a real advance in the condition of man,—and I think that it is, though only the wise improve their advantages,—it must be shown that it it is asserted that civilization is a real advance in the condition of man,—and I think that it is, though only the wise improve their advantages,—it must be shown that it it is asserted that civilization is a real advance in the condition of man,—and I think that it is, though only the wise improve their advantages,—it must be shown that it has produced better dwellings without making them more costly; and the cost of a thing it will be remembered thingit will must be remembered thing thing thing thing thing thing is the amount of life it requires life it requires what I will call life which is required what I will call life which is required what I will call life which is required what I will call life which is required what I will call life which is required what I will call life which is required what I will call life which is required to be exchanged for it, immediately or in the long run. Is it not possible to invent a house still more convenient and luxurious, which yet all will allow that man cannot afford to pay for? I think that we should not always study to obtain more but sometimes to be content with less. run. Is it not possible to invent a house still more convenient and luxurious, which yet all will allow that man cannot afford to pay for? I think that we should not always study to obtain more but sometimes to be content with less. run. run. run. run. run. run. An average house in this neighborhoodin the country in this neighborhood in this neighborhood in this neighborhood in this neighborhood in this neighborhood in this neighborhood in this neighborhood in this neighborhood costs perhaps 1000 1000 800 eight hundred eight hundred eight hundred eight hundred eight hundred eight hundred dollars, and to lay up this sum will require require take take take take take take take from ten to fifteen years of the laborer’s life, even if he is not encumbered with a family;— for I estimate the just pecuniary value of every man’s labor at one dollar a day, for if some receive more, others receive less for I estimate the just for I have estimated the just estimating the pecuniary value of every man’s labor at one dollar a day, for if some receive more, others receive less; estimating the pecuniary value of every man’s labor at one dollar a day, for if some receive more, others receive less; estimating the pecuniary value of every man’s labor at one dollar a day, for if some receive more, others receive less; estimating the pecuniary value of every man’s labor at one dollar a day, for if some receive more, others receive less; estimating the pecuniary value of every man’s labor at one dollar a day, for if some receive more, others receive less; estimating the pecuniary value of every man’s labor at one dollar a day, for if some receive more, others receive less; estimating the pecuniary value of every man’s labor at one dollar a day, for if some receive more, others receive less; —so that he must have spent more than half his life commonly before his wigwam will be earned. If we suppose him to pay a rent instead, this is but a doubtful choice of evils. Would the savage have been wise to exchange his wigwam for a palace on these terms?
46a
Economy 46a written: A rewritten: B, D

(Ronald Clapper)
It will be perceived that I set down will be perceived may be guessed that I set down refer will be perceived may be guessed that I set down refer may be guessed that I refer set down may be guessed that I reduce almost may be guessed that I reduce almost may be guessed that I reduce almost may be guessed that I reduce almost the whole advantage of holding this superfluous value and clumsy property and clumsy unwieldy property and clumsy unwieldy property and unwieldy property property property property property as a fund in store against the future, as as so so so so so so so far as the individual is concerned, mainly mainly mainly mainly mainly to the score of funeral expenses merely. score of funeral expenses merely. score of funeral expenses merely. score of funeral expenses merely. defraying of funeral expenses. defraying of funeral expenses. defraying of funeral expenses. defraying of funeral expenses. But perhaps a man is not required to bury himself. for even sickness is a beginning to die, & the therefore every doctor’s bill is a funeral expense. But perhaps a man is not required to bury himself But perhaps a man is not required to bury himself. for even sickness is a beginning to die, & the therefore every doctor’s bill is a funeral expense. But perhaps a man is not required to bury himself for even sickness is a beginning to die, and therefore every doctor’s bill is a funeral expense But perhaps a man is not required to bury himself. But perhaps a man is not required to bury himself. But perhaps a man is not required to bury himself. But perhaps a man is not required to bury himself. But perhaps a man is not required to bury himself. 46b
Economy 46b written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
However Nevertheless Nevertheless Nevertheless Nevertheless this points to an important distinction between the civilized man and the savage; and, no doubt, they have designs on us for our benefit, in making the life of a civilized people an institu tion , in which the life of the individual is to a great extent absorbed, in order to preserve and perfect that of the race. But I wish to show at what a sacrifice this advantage is at present obtained, and to suggest that we may possibly so live as to secure all the advantage without suffering any of the disadvantage. What mean ye by saying that the poor ye have always with you, or that the poor ye have always with you, or that the poor ye have always with you, or that the poor ye have always with you, or that the poor ye have always with you, or that the fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children’s teeth are set on edge?
47
Economy 47 written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
“As I live, saith the Lord God, ye shall not have occasion any more to use this proverb in Israel.
48
Economy 48 written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
“Behold all souls are mine; as the soul of the father, so also the soul of the son is mine: the soul that sinneth it shall die.”
49a
Economy 49a written: A rewritten: B, D

(Ronald Clapper)
When I consider my neighbors, the farmers of Concord, who are at least as well off as the other classes, I find that for the most part they have been toiling for 10, 20, or 30 20, 30, or 40 for twenty—thirty—or forty for twenty—thirty—or forty for twenty, thirty, or forty twenty, thirty, or forty twenty, thirty, or forty twenty, thirty, or forty twenty, thirty, or forty years, to pay for their farms, to pay for their farms that they may become the real owners of their farms, which commonly they have inherited with encumbrances, or else bought by means of their credit with hired money, that they may become the real owners of their farms, which commonly they have inherited with encumbrances, or else bought with hired money, that they may become the real owners of their farms, which commonly they have inherited with encumbrances, or else bought with hired money, that they may become the real owners of their farms, which commonly they have inherited with encumbrances, or else bought with hired money, that they may become the real owners of their farms, which commonly they have inherited with encumbrances, or else bought with hired money, that they may become the real owners of their farms, which commonly they have inherited with encumbrances, or else bought with hired money, that they may become the real owners of their farms, which commonly they have inherited with encumbrances, or else bought with hired money, —and we may set down one half at least one third set down regard at least one third set down regard at least one third regard at least one third regard one third regard one third regard one third regard one third of that toil to to as as as as as as as the cost of their houses,— and and but and but and but but but but but commonly they have not paid for them yet. 49b
Economy 49b written: B rewritten: D, D
B: Economy 49b is interlined; being well acquainted … where they are mortgaged is not in the manuscript.
D: A fair copy was made of Economy 49b, along with Economy 46a, 49a, 50, and 52b, when Economy 46b, 47, 48, 49d, and 52a were added to the manuscript. A second copy of Economy 49b was made of only well acquainted with it … true of the farmers, along with second copies of Economy 49d, 50, 52a, and 52b.

(Ronald Clapper)
It is true, that the the the the the the the encumbrances sometimes outweigh the value of the farm, so that the farm itself becomes one great encumbrance, and still men are a man is a man is a man is a man is a man is a man is found to inherit it, being well acquainted with it, as he says. On applying to the assessors, I r
Revision note: D1: have been am astonished to find
am astonished to find surprised to learn
r
Revision note: D1: have been am astonished to find
am astonished to find surprised to learn
r
Revision note: D1: have been am astonished to find
am astonished to find surprised to learn
am surprised to learn am surprised to learn am surprised to learn am surprised to learn
that they cannot at once name r
Revision note: D1: half a dozen
half a dozen
r
Revision note: D1: half a dozen
half a dozen
r
Revision note: D1: half a dozen
half a dozen
a dozen a dozen a dozen a dozen
in the town who own their farms free and clear. If you would know the history of these homesteads, inquire at the bank where they are mortgaged. The man who has bought his farm outright actually paid for his farm actually paid for his farm actually paid for his farm actually paid for his farm actually paid for his farm actually paid for his farm with labor on it is so rare that every neighbor can point to him. I doubt if there are three such men in Concord. What has been said of the merchants, that a very large majority, even ninety-nine in a hundred, ninety-nine in a hundred, ninety-nine in a hundred, ninety-nine in a hundred, r
Revision note: D1: ninety-nine in a hundred, though that appears to me too many
ninety-nine in a hundred, though that appears to me too many
ninety-seven in a hundred, ninety-seven in a hundred,
are sure to fail, is equally true of the farmers. 49c
Economy 49c written: G
G: Economy 49c was written in pencil on the back of the draft of a letter to H. G. O. Blake, dated 21 January (1854), and attached to a leaf from D.

(Ronald Clapper)
With regard to the merchants, some one however one of them however, one of them says pertinently that a great part of their failures are not genuine pecuniary failures, but merely xxxxx or what I should call characteristical failures i. e. merely failures to fulfil their engagements, because it is inconvenient; that is, it is the moral character that breaks down. But But this puts an infinitely worse face on the matter, and suggests, besides, beside, that perhaps probably probably not even that hundredth one succeeds in morally—i. e. with a sound conscience saving his soul but is the other three succeed in saving their souls, but are perchance bankrupt in a worse sense than they who fail honestly. 49d
Economy 49d written: D rewritten: D

(Ronald Clapper)
Bankruptcy and repudiation are the spring-boards from which r
Revision note: D1:
much of
much of much of much of much of
our civilization vaults r
Revision note: D1:
and turns its harmless somersets
and turns its somersets, and turns its somersets, and turns its somersets, and turns its somersets,
but the savage stands on the unelastic plank of famine. Yet the Middlesex Cattle Show goes off here with éclat annually, as if all the joints of the agricultural machine were suent.
50
Economy 50 written: A rewritten: B, D, D
A: As Chapman sings … rarefies to air is interlined.

(Ronald Clapper)
they are they are The farmer is The farmer is The farmer is The farmer is The farmer is The farmer is endeavoring to solve the problem of a livelihood by a formula more complicated than the problem itself. To get his shoestrings the farmer the farmer he he he he he he speculates in herds of cattle. With exquisite exquisite consummate consummate consummate consummate consummate consummate consummate skill he has set his traps with hair springs trap with a hair spring trap with a hair spring trap with a hair spring trap with a hair spring trap with a hair spring trap with a hair spring trap with a hair spring trap with a hair spring to catch comfort and independence, and then, as he turned away, got his own leg into them it. it. it. it. it. it. it. it. This is the reason he is poor; and for a similar reason we are all poor in respect to a thousand savage comforts, though surrounded by luxuries. As the poet has it, the poet has it says, the poet has it says, r
Revision note: D1: the poet says,
the poet says Chapman sings,
Chapman sings, Chapman sings, Chapman sings, Chapman sings,
 
“The false society of men—
 
—for earthly greatness
 
All heavenly comforts rarefies to air.”
51
Economy 51 written: A rewritten: A, G
A: Economy 51 was originally added to the manuscript following Economy 59. Economy 51 and 59 were later recopied with Economy 51 preceding 59.
G: Economy 51 was copied on a partial leaf that was presumably inserted in the manuscript in its present order.

(Ronald Clapper)
And when the farmer has got his house, he may not be the richer but the poorer for it, and it be the house that has got him. And when the farmer has got his house, he may not be the richer but the poorer for it, and it be the house that has got him. r
Revision note: A1: I have often been struck by that fable of Momus. “Momus was the god of pleasantry among the ancients, the son of Nox (or night). He was continually employed in satirizing the gods, and whatever they did was freely turned to ridicule. He censured the house which Minerva had made, because the goddess
I have often been struck by that fable of Momus. Momus was the god of pleasantry among the ancients. He was Jupiter’s jester or fool, and many a time he set the gods in a roar. “He was continually employed in satirizing the gods, and whatever they did was freely turned to ridicule.” Neptune—Minerva and Vulcan had a trial of skill. The first made a Bull;—the second a House; the third a Man. “Momus found fault with them all. He disliked the Bull because his horns were not placed before his eyes that he might give a surer blow.” “He censured the House which Minerva had made because she
r
Revision note: A1: I have often been struck by that fable of Momus. “Momus was the god of pleasantry among the ancients, the son of Nox (or night). He was continually employed in satirizing the gods, and whatever they did was freely turned to ridicule. He censured the house which Minerva had made, because the goddess
I have often been struck by that fable of Momus. Momus was the god of pleasantry among the ancients. He was Jupiter’s jester or fool, and many a time he set the gods in a roar. “He was continually employed in satirizing the gods, and whatever they did was freely turned to ridicule.” Neptune—Minerva and Vulcan had a trial of skill. The first made a Bull;—the second a House; the third a Man. “Momus found fault with them all. He disliked the Bull because his horns were not placed before his eyes that he might give a surer blow.” “He censured the House which Minerva had made because she
r
Revision note: A1: I have often been struck by that fable of Momus. “Momus was the god of pleasantry among the ancients, the son of Nox (or night). He was continually employed in satirizing the gods, and whatever they did was freely turned to ridicule. He censured the house which Minerva had made, because the goddess
I have often been struck by that fable of Momus. Momus was the god of pleasantry among the ancients. He was Jupiter’s jester or fool, and many a time he set the gods in a roar. “He was continually employed in satirizing the gods, and whatever they did was freely turned to ridicule.” Neptune—Minerva and Vulcan had a trial of skill. The first made a Bull;—the second a House; the third a Man. “Momus found fault with them all. He disliked the Bull because his horns were not placed before his eyes that he might give a surer blow.” “He censured the House which Minerva had made because she
r
Revision note: A1: I have often been struck by that fable of Momus. “Momus was the god of pleasantry among the ancients, the son of Nox (or night). He was continually employed in satirizing the gods, and whatever they did was freely turned to ridicule. He censured the house which Minerva had made, because the goddess
I have often been struck by that fable of Momus. Momus was the god of pleasantry among the ancients. He was Jupiter’s jester or fool, and many a time he set the gods in a roar. “He was continually employed in satirizing the gods, and whatever they did was freely turned to ridicule.” Neptune—Minerva and Vulcan had a trial of skill. The first made a Bull;—the second a House; the third a Man. “Momus found fault with them all. He disliked the Bull because his horns were not placed before his eyes that he might give a surer blow.” “He censured the House which Minerva had made because she
r
Revision note: A1: I have often been struck by that fable of Momus. “Momus was the god of pleasantry among the ancients, the son of Nox (or night). He was continually employed in satirizing the gods, and whatever they did was freely turned to ridicule. He censured the house which Minerva had made, because the goddess
I have often been struck by that fable of Momus. Momus was the god of pleasantry among the ancients. He was Jupiter’s jester or fool, and many a time he set the gods in a roar. “He was continually employed in satirizing the gods, and whatever they did was freely turned to ridicule.” Neptune—Minerva and Vulcan had a trial of skill. The first made a Bull;—the second a House; the third a Man. “Momus found fault with them all. He disliked the Bull because his horns were not placed before his eyes that he might give a surer blow.” “He censured the House which Minerva had made because she
r
Revision note: A1: I have often been struck by that fable of Momus. “Momus was the god of pleasantry among the ancients, the son of Nox (or night). He was continually employed in satirizing the gods, and whatever they did was freely turned to ridicule. He censured the house which Minerva had made, because the goddess
I have often been struck by that fable of Momus. Momus was the god of pleasantry among the ancients. He was Jupiter’s jester or fool, and many a time he set the gods in a roar. “He was continually employed in satirizing the gods, and whatever they did was freely turned to ridicule.” Neptune—Minerva and Vulcan had a trial of skill. The first made a Bull;—the second a House; the third a Man. “Momus found fault with them all. He disliked the Bull because his horns were not placed before his eyes that he might give a surer blow.” “He censured the House which Minerva had made because she
As I understand it, that was a valid objection which Momus urged urged by Momus against the house which Minerva made—that she As I understand it, that was a valid objection urged by Momus against the house which Minerva made, that she
“had not made it mov able, by which means a bad neighborhood might be avoided;” r
Revision note: A1: “Venus herself was exposed to his satire; and when the sneering god found no fault in the body of the naked goddess, he observed, as she retired, that the noise of her feet was too loud, and greatly improper in the goddess of beauty. These reflections upon the gods were the cause that Momus was driven from heaven.” What think you would Momus say if he were living in our day? And I am not sure but he is.
“With regard to Vulcan’s Man, he said he ought to have made a window in his breast.” “Venus herself was exposed to his satire; and when the sneering god found no fault in the body of the naked goddess, he observed, as she retired, that the noise of her feet was too loud, and greatly improper in the goddess of beauty. These reflections were the cause that Momus was driven from heaven.” What, think you would Momus say if he were living in our day? And I am not sure but what he is.
r
Revision note: A1: “Venus herself was exposed to his satire; and when the sneering god found no fault in the body of the naked goddess, he observed, as she retired, that the noise of her feet was too loud, and greatly improper in the goddess of beauty. These reflections upon the gods were the cause that Momus was driven from heaven.” What think you would Momus say if he were living in our day? And I am not sure but he is.
“With regard to Vulcan’s Man, he said he ought to have made a window in his breast.” “Venus herself was exposed to his satire; and when the sneering god found no fault in the body of the naked goddess, he observed, as she retired, that the noise of her feet was too loud, and greatly improper in the goddess of beauty. These reflections were the cause that Momus was driven from heaven.” What, think you would Momus say if he were living in our day? And I am not sure but what he is.
r
Revision note: A1: “Venus herself was exposed to his satire; and when the sneering god found no fault in the body of the naked goddess, he observed, as she retired, that the noise of her feet was too loud, and greatly improper in the goddess of beauty. These reflections upon the gods were the cause that Momus was driven from heaven.” What think you would Momus say if he were living in our day? And I am not sure but he is.
“With regard to Vulcan’s Man, he said he ought to have made a window in his breast.” “Venus herself was exposed to his satire; and when the sneering god found no fault in the body of the naked goddess, he observed, as she retired, that the noise of her feet was too loud, and greatly improper in the goddess of beauty. These reflections were the cause that Momus was driven from heaven.” What, think you would Momus say if he were living in our day? And I am not sure but what he is.
r
Revision note: A1: “Venus herself was exposed to his satire; and when the sneering god found no fault in the body of the naked goddess, he observed, as she retired, that the noise of her feet was too loud, and greatly improper in the goddess of beauty. These reflections upon the gods were the cause that Momus was driven from heaven.” What think you would Momus say if he were living in our day? And I am not sure but he is.
“With regard to Vulcan’s Man, he said he ought to have made a window in his breast.” “Venus herself was exposed to his satire; and when the sneering god found no fault in the body of the naked goddess, he observed, as she retired, that the noise of her feet was too loud, and greatly improper in the goddess of beauty. These reflections were the cause that Momus was driven from heaven.” What, think you would Momus say if he were living in our day? And I am not sure but what he is.
r
Revision note: A1: “Venus herself was exposed to his satire; and when the sneering god found no fault in the body of the naked goddess, he observed, as she retired, that the noise of her feet was too loud, and greatly improper in the goddess of beauty. These reflections upon the gods were the cause that Momus was driven from heaven.” What think you would Momus say if he were living in our day? And I am not sure but he is.
“With regard to Vulcan’s Man, he said he ought to have made a window in his breast.” “Venus herself was exposed to his satire; and when the sneering god found no fault in the body of the naked goddess, he observed, as she retired, that the noise of her feet was too loud, and greatly improper in the goddess of beauty. These reflections were the cause that Momus was driven from heaven.” What, think you would Momus say if he were living in our day? And I am not sure but what he is.
r
Revision note: A1: “Venus herself was exposed to his satire; and when the sneering god found no fault in the body of the naked goddess, he observed, as she retired, that the noise of her feet was too loud, and greatly improper in the goddess of beauty. These reflections upon the gods were the cause that Momus was driven from heaven.” What think you would Momus say if he were living in our day? And I am not sure but he is.
“With regard to Vulcan’s Man, he said he ought to have made a window in his breast.” “Venus herself was exposed to his satire; and when the sneering god found no fault in the body of the naked goddess, he observed, as she retired, that the noise of her feet was too loud, and greatly improper in the goddess of beauty. These reflections were the cause that Momus was driven from heaven.” What, think you would Momus say if he were living in our day? And I am not sure but what he is.
it may still be urged—for our houses are such unwieldy property that we are often imprisoned rather than housed in them—and the bad neighborhood to be avoided is oftenest our own scurvy selves—no need to change our habits. and it may still be urged, for our houses are such unwieldy property that we are often imprisoned rather than housed in them; and the bad neighborhood to be avoided is our own scurvy selves.
I know one or two families, at least, in this town, who, for nearly a generation, have been wishing to sell their houses in the outskirts and move into the village, but have not been able to accomplish it, and only death will set them free. I know one or two families, at least, in this town, who, for nearly a generation, have been wishing to sell their houses in the outskirts and move into the village, but have not been able to accomplish it, and only death will set them free. I know one or two families, at least, in this town, who, for nearly a generation, have been wishing to sell their houses in the outskirts and move into the village, but have not been able to accomplish it, and only death will set them free. I know one or two families, at least, in this town, who, for nearly a generation, have been wishing to sell their houses in the outskirts and move into the village, but have not been able to accomplish it, and only death will set them free. I know one or two families, at least, in this town, who, for nearly a generation, have been wishing to sell their houses in the outskirts and move into the village, but have not been able to accomplish it, and only death will set them free. I know one or two families, at least, in this town, who, for nearly a generation, have been wishing to sell their houses in the outskirts and move into the village, but have not been able to accomplish it, and only death will set them free. I know one or two families, at least, in this town, who, for nearly a generation, have been wishing to sell their houses in the outskirts and move into the village, but have not been able to accomplish it, and only death will set them free.
52a
Economy 52a written: D rewritten: D, D

(Ronald Clapper)
r
Revision note: D1: But granted
D2: But granted
But granted
Granted Granted Granted Granted
that the majority are able r
Revision note: D1:
D2:
at last
at last at last at last at last
either to own or hire the modern house with all its improvements—How happens it that he who is said to enjoy those things is so commonly a poor civilized man while the savage who has them not is not a savage? improvements. improvements. improvements. improvements. 52b
Economy 52b written: A rewritten: B, D, D
A & B: Economy 52b, 53a, and 52c follow Economy 45c.
D: A second copy was made of only While civilization has been … to inhabit them. It has.

(Ronald Clapper)
But while But while While While While While While While civilization has been improving our houses, she she it it it it it it it has not equally improved the men who were were were r
Revision note: D1: were
were are
are are are are
to inhabit them. She She It It It It It It It has created palaces, but it was not so easy to create noblemen and kings. 52c
Economy 52c written: A rewritten: B, D

(Ronald Clapper)
And if the civilized man’s pursuits are no worthier than the , Indian’s, Indian’s savage’s, savage’s savage’s savage’s savage’s savage’s savage’s if he is employed the greater part of his life in obtaining gross necessaries and comforts merely, why should he have a better dwelling than the former Is not the style good enough for its inhabitants? I do not see how I should be any better off than at present, if I had the most splendid house conceivable. That is not what I need. Is not open nature already a better house than I am a tenant? former Is not the style good enough for its inhabitants? I do not see how I should be any better off than at present, if I had the most splendid house conceivable. That is not what I need. Is not open nature already a better house than I am a tenant? former? former? former? former? former? former?
53a
Economy 53a written: A rewritten: B, D

(Ronald Clapper)
But how does the poor minority fare? But how do the poor minority fare? But how do the poor minority fare? But how do the poor minority fare? But how do the poor minority fare? It will perhaps be found that It will perhaps be found that perhaps It will perhaps be found that Perhaps it will be found, that Perhaps it will be found, that Perhaps it will be found, that Perhaps it will be found, that just in proportion as some have been placed in outward circumstances above the Indian, Indian savage, savage, savage, savage, savage, savage, savage, others have been degraded below it him. him. him. him. him. him. him. him. The luxury of one class is counterbalanced by the indigence of another. On the one side is the palace, on the other are the almshouse and “silent poor”. The luxury of the rich one class is always counterbalanced by the indigence of the poor another. On the one side is the palace, on the other are the almshouse & the silent poor. The luxury of one class is counterbalanced by the indigence of another. On the one side is the palace, on the other are the almshouse and “silent poor”. The luxury of one class is counterbalanced by the indigence of another. On the one side is the palace, on the other are the almshouse and “silent poor”. The luxury of one class is counterbalanced by the indigence of another. On the one side is the palace, on the other are the almshouse and “silent poor”. The luxury of one class is counterbalanced by the indigence of another. On the one side is the palace, on the other are the almshouse and “silent poor”. The millions millions myriads myriads myriads myriads myriads myriads who built the pyramids for to be to be to be to be to be to be to be to be the tombs of the Pharaohs fed fed fed were fed were fed were fed were fed were fed on garlic, and perhaps were left unburied perhaps were left unburied it may be were not decently buried it may be were not decently buried it may be were not decently buried it may be were not decently buried it may be were not decently buried it may be were not decently buried it may be were not decently buried themselves. The mason who finishes the cornice of the palace returns at night perchance to a hut not so good as a wigwam. 53b
Economy 53b written: D
D: When Economy 53b was added to the manuscript, it preceded Economy 52a. Later, it was shifted to its present position. It certainly is fair … workhouse of the world and I hardly need refer … in moderate circumstances are interlined in pencil.

(Ronald Clapper)
It is a mistake to suppose that, in a country where the usual evidences of civilization —railroads—steamboats—printing presses—churches & the like civilization civilization civilization civilization exist, the condition of a very large body of the inhabitants may not be as degraded as that of savages. I refer to the degraded poor, not now to the degraded rich. I refer to the degraded poor, not now to the degraded rich. I refer to the degraded poor, not now to the degraded rich. I refer to the degraded poor, not now to the degraded rich. To know this I should not need to look farther than to the shanties which every where line border border border border our railroads, that last improvement in civilization; where I see in my daily walks human beings living in sties, and all winter with an open door, for the sake of light, without any visible, often imaginable, wood pile, and the forms of both old and young are permanently contracted by the long habit of shrinking from the cold & misery—their faces pinched by want—and the development of all their limbs & faculties undeveloped checked. There is not greater squalidness in the world. cold and misery, and the development of all their limbs and faculties is checked. cold and misery, and the development of all their limbs and faculties is checked. cold and misery, and the development of all their limbs and faculties is checked. cold and misery, and the development of all their limbs and faculties is checked. It certainly is fair to look at that class by whose labor the works which distinguish this generation are accomplished. Such too, is the condition to a greater or less extent is the condition to a greater or less extent, is the condition to a greater or less extent, is the condition to a greater or less extent, is the condition to a greater or less extent, is the condition of the operatives of every denomination in England, which is the great workhouse of the world. Or I could refer you to Ireland, which is marked as one of the white or enlightened spots on the map. Contrast the physical condition of the Irish with that of the North American Indian, or the South Sea Islander, or any other savage race before it was degraded by contact with civilized men the civilized man. the civilized man. the civilized man. the civilized man. the civilized man. Yet I have no doubt that nation’s people’s that people’s that people’s that people’s that people’s rulers are as wise as the average of civilized rulers. Their condition only proves what squalidness may consist with civilization. I hardly need mention now refer now to refer now to refer now to refer now to refer now to the laborers in our Southern States who produce the great staples staple exports staple exports staple exports staple exports of this country, and are themselves a staple production of the South. and are themselves a staple production of the South. and are themselves a staple production of the South. and are themselves a staple production of the South. But to confine myself to those who are said to be in moderate circumstances.
54a
Economy 54a written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
When a room is furnished, comfort is not furnished. Most men do not know what a house is (which is not to be wondered at for I am sure that there is one which answers to our idea in the country) and they When a room is furnished comfort is not furnished. Most men do not know appear never to have considered what a house is, and —(which is not to be wondered at, for I am not sure that there is one which answers to our my idea in the country) and they Most men appear never to have considered what a house is, and Most men appear never to have considered what a house is, and Most men appear never to have considered what a house is, and Most men appear never to have considered what a house is, and Most men appear never to have considered what a house is, and Most men appear never to have considered what a house is, and are actually though needlessly poor all their lives because they think that that that that that that that they must have such a one as their neighbors have. have. have. have. have. have. As if one were to wear any sort of coat the which the which the which the which the which the which the which the tailor might cut out for him, or, gradually leaving off palmleaf hat or cap of woodchuck skin, complain of hard times because he could not afford to buy him a crown! It is possible to invent a house still more convenient and luxurious than we have, which yet all would admit that man could not afford to pay for. Shall we always study to obtain more of these things, and not sometimes to be content with less? It is possible to invent a house still more convenient and luxurious than we have, which yet all would admit that man could not afford to pay for. Shall we always study to obtain more of these things, and not sometimes to be content with less? It is possible to invent a house still more convenient and luxurious than we have, which yet all would admit that man could not afford to pay for. Shall we always study to obtain more of these things, and not sometimes to be content with less? It is possible to invent a house still more convenient and luxurious than we have, which yet all would admit that man could not afford to pay for. Shall we always study to obtain more of these things, and not sometimes to be content with less? It is possible to invent a house still more convenient and luxurious than we have, which yet all would admit that man could not afford to pay for. Shall we always study to obtain more of these things, and not sometimes to be content with less? It is possible to invent a house still more convenient and luxurious than we have, which yet all would admit that man could not afford to pay for. Shall we always study to obtain more of these things, and not sometimes to be content with less? It is possible to invent a house still more convenient and luxurious than we have, which yet all would admit that man could not afford to pay for. Shall we always study to obtain more of these things, and not sometimes to be content with less? Shall the respectable citizen thus gravely teach, by precept and example, the necessity of the young man’s providing himself with providing himself with providing providing providing providing providing providing a certain number of superfluous glow-shoes, and umbrellas, and empty guest chambers for empty guests, before he dies? There is no reason why our furniture should not There is no reason why our furniture should not Why should not our furniture Why should not our furniture Why should not our furniture Why should not our furniture Why should not our furniture Why should not our furniture Why should not our furniture be as simple as the Arab’s or the Indian’s? 54b
Economy 54b written: D
D: Economy 54b is preceded by Economy 55.

(Ronald Clapper)
When I think of the benefactors of the race, whom we have apotheosized as messengers from heaven, bearers of divine gifts to man, I do not see in my mind any retinue at their heels, any car-load of fashionable furniture. When I think of the benefactors of the race, whom we have apotheosized as messengers from heaven, bearers of divine gifts to man, I do not see in my mind any retinue at their heels, any car-load of fashionable furniture. When I think of the benefactors of the race, whom we have apotheosized as messengers from heaven, bearers of divine gifts to man, I do not see in my mind any retinue at their heels, any car-load of fashionable furniture. When I think of the benefactors of the race, whom we have apotheosized as messengers from heaven, bearers of divine gifts to man, I do not see in my mind any retinue at their heels, any car-load of fashionable furniture. When I think of the benefactors of the race, whom we have apotheosized as messengers from heaven, bearers of divine gifts to man, I do not see in my mind any retinue at their heels, any car-load of fashionable furniture. Or what if I were to allow—would it not be a singular allowance?—that our furniture should be more complex than the Arab’s, than the Arab’s, than the Arab’s, than the Arab’s, than the Arab’s, in proportion as we are morally and intellectually their his his his his his superiors! 54c
Economy 54c written: A rewritten: B, D
A & B: Morning work! … man’s morning work in this world does not appear in the manuscript in A or in the original copying of B but is interlined in pencil in B.

(Ronald Clapper)
At present our houses are cluttered and defiled with it, and a good housewife would sweep out the greater part into the dust hole, or or and not and not and not and not and not and not leave her morning’s work undone. Morning work! By the blushes of Aurora and the music of Memnon, consider what consider what consider what consider what what what what what should be man’s morning work in this world? 54d
Economy 54d written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
I had three pieces of limestone on my desk, but I was terrified to find that they required to be dusted daily, when the furniture of my mind was all undusted still, and threw them out the window in disgust. How, then, could I have a furnished house? I would rather sit in the open air, for no dust settles gathers gathers gathers gathers gathers on the grass, unless where man has broken ground. unless where man has broken ground. unless where man has broken ground. unless where man has broken ground.
55
Economy 55 written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
It is notorious evident that the luxurious & dissipated It is the luxurious and dissipated who It is the luxurious and dissipated who It is the luxurious and dissipated who It is the luxurious and dissipated who set the fashions which the herd so sedulously diligently diligently diligently diligently diligently follow. The traveller who stops at the best houses, so called, is not slow to learn soon discovers this for the publicans at all the great houses pay him no compliment, but soon discovers this, for the publicans soon discovers this, for the publicans soon discovers this, for the publicans soon discovers this, for the publicans presume him to be a Sardanapalus, and if he resigned himself to their tender mercies he would soon be completely emasculated. Our public works have but little of the substantial and Roman in their character. How ill adapted already to a large portion of the passengers who occupy it is a railroad car. It is designed for the merchant clerks not the plainly dressed and simple mannered countryman. Instead of aiming (in some instances at least) at simple beauty convenience and security I think that in the RR car we are inclined to spend more on luxury than on safety & convenience, & I think that in the railroad car we are inclined to spend more on luxury than on safety and convenience, and I think that in the railroad car we are inclined to spend more on luxury than on safety and convenience, and I think that in the railroad car we are inclined to spend more on luxury than on safety and convenience, and I think that in the railroad car we are inclined to spend more on luxury than on safety and convenience, and it threatens without attaining these to become no better than a modern drawing room, with its divans, and ottomans, and sunshades, and a hundred other oriental things, which we are taking west with us, which we are taking west with us, which we are taking west with us, which we are taking west with us, which we are taking west with us, invented for the ladies of the harem and the effeminate effeminate effeminate effeminate effeminate natives of the Celestial Empire, which Jonathan should be ashamed to know the names of. And no alternative but this or the black hole of a second class car. Where is Jonathan’s parlor? Jonathan’s car forsooth with the seat of Jonathan omitted! To be introduced into a drawing room in which you are compelled to stand up for want of a seat or to sit on a hair cushion without the possibility of drawing a long breath owing to the encroachments of a corpulent neighbor. Why I I I I I would rather sit on a pumpkin and have it all to myself, than be crowded on a velvet cushion. than be crowded on a velvet cushion. than be crowded on a velvet cushion. than be crowded on a velvet cushion. than be crowded on a velvet cushion. I would rather ride on on earth on earth on earth on earth on earth in an ox cart with a free circulation, than go to heaven in the fancy car of the fancy car of the fancy car of the fancy car of the fancy car of an excursion train and breathe the a a a a a malaria all the way. To be introduced into a fancy car only to be run off the track by a fanciful engineer, though you may have no fancy for it. Let us have something more like ourselves, or make ourselves like something better, else the fates will have a right to run us off the track. way. way. way. way.
56a
Economy 56a written: A rewritten: B, C

(Ronald Clapper)
At first perchance as poets imagine the thoughtful & wandering man, plucked in haste the fruits which the boughs extended to him, and found in the sticks and stones around him his implements ready—to crack the nut and build his shelter with, and he was still the very simplicity and nakedness of his life was an advantage since it left him still but At first, perchance. as poets imagine, the thoughtful and wandering man plucked in haste the fruits which the boughs extended to him, and found in the sticks and stones around him his implements ready—to crack the nut, and build his shelter with, and the very simplicity and nakedness of his life man’s life in the primitive ages had this advantage at least that they left him still but The very simplicity and nakedness of man’s life in the primitive ages had imply this advantage at least, that they left him still but The very simplicity and nakedness of man’s life in the primitive ages imply this advantage at least, that they left him still but The very simplicity and nakedness of man’s life in the primitive ages imply this advantage at least, that they left him still but The very simplicity and nakedness of man’s life in the primitive ages imply this advantage at least, that they left him still but The very simplicity and nakedness of man’s life in the primitive ages imply this advantage at least, that they left him still but The very simplicity and nakedness of man’s life in the primitive ages imply this advantage at least, that they left him still but a sojourner in nature. When he was refreshed with food and sleep he contemplated his journey again. He dwelt, as it were, as it were, as it were, as it were, as it were, as it were, as it were, as it were, in a tent in this world, and was either threading the valleys, or crossing the plains, or climbing the mountain tops. But lo! men have become the tools of their tools. The man who independently plucked the fruits when he was hungry is become a farmer; Now the best works of art even, serve comparatively but to dissipate the mind, for they themselves represent transitionary and paroxismal not free & absolute thoughts. Now the best works of art even, serve comparatively but to dissipate the mind, for they themselves represent transitionary and paroxismal not free & absolute thoughts. and he who stood under a tree for shelter is become a housekeeper. We now no longer encamp as for a night, but have settled down on earth and forgotten heaven. We have builded for this world a family mansion, and for the next a family tomb. The best works of art symbolize express a struggle in man to be free from this state condition but the effect of our art is but a paroxismal not a persistent & sane endeavor merely to make this low state comfortable & that higher state to be forgotten. Now the best works of art even, serve comparatively but to dissipate the mind, for they themselves represent transitionary and paroxismal, not free and absolute thoughts They now no longer encamp as for a night, but they have settled down on earth and forgotten heaven—They have builded their tombs above ground as well as below, for life as well as for death, for this world a family mansion & for the next a family tomb & he who stood under a tree for shelter is become a housekeeper. There is no such a thing as housekeeping. The best works of art symbolize a struggle in man to be free from this state but our works of art so called are at best but paroxysmal not a persistent & sane endeavor. and he who stood under a tree for shelter, a housekeeper. We now no longer camp as for a night, but have settled down on earth and forgotten heaven. We have adopted Christianity merely as an improved method of agri-culture. We have built for this world a family mansion, and for the next a family tomb. The best works of art are the expression of man’s struggle to free himself from this condition, but the effect of our art is merely to make this low state comfortable and that higher state to be forgotten. and he who stood under a tree for shelter, a housekeeper. We now no longer camp as for a night, but have settled down on earth and forgotten heaven. We have adopted Christianity merely as an improved method of agri-culture. We have built for this world a family mansion, and for the next a family tomb. The best works of art are the expression of man’s struggle to free himself from this condition, but the effect of our art is merely to make this low state comfortable and that higher state to be forgotten. and he who stood under a tree for shelter, a housekeeper. We now no longer camp as for a night, but have settled down on earth and forgotten heaven. We have adopted Christianity merely as an improved method of agri-culture. We have built for this world a family mansion, and for the next a family tomb. The best works of art are the expression of man’s struggle to free himself from this condition, but the effect of our art is merely to make this low state comfortable and that higher state to be forgotten. and he who stood under a tree for shelter, a housekeeper. We now no longer camp as for a night, but have settled down on earth and forgotten heaven. We have adopted Christianity merely as an improved method of agri-culture. We have built for this world a family mansion, and for the next a family tomb. The best works of art are the expression of man’s struggle to free himself from this condition, but the effect of our art is merely to make this low state comfortable and that higher state to be forgotten. There is actually no place in this vil lage for a work of art, a statue, for instance, art, a statue, for instance, fine art, a statue for instance, fine art, fine art, fine art, fine art, fine art, if any had has had has has had had had had had had come down to us, to stand, for our lives, our houses and streets, furnish no proper pedestal for it. There is not a nail to hang a picture on, nor a shelf to receive the bust of a hero or a saint. or a saint. or a saint. or a saint. or a saint. When we we we I I I I I I consider how our houses are built and paid for, foror how they are not paid for, foror how they are not paid for, for; or how they are not paid for, for, or not paid for, for, or not paid for, for, or not paid for, for, or not paid for, and their internal economy managed and sustained, who does not who does not we we I I I I I I wonder that the floor does not give way under the visitor while he is admiring the gewgaws upon the mantel, mantel, mantel mantel-piece, mantel-piece, mantel-piece, mantel-piece, mantel-piece, mantel-piece, and let him through into the cellar, to some solid and honest though earthy foundation. 56b
Economy 56b written: C
C: Economy 56b is interlined.

(Ronald Clapper)
When introduced to this kind of life I cannot help perceiving but perceive that it was this so-called rich and refined life is a thing jumped at—and I find that I I cannot but perceive that this so called rich and refined life is a thing jumped at, and I I cannot but perceive that this so called rich and refined life is a thing jumped at, and I I cannot but perceive that this so called rich and refined life is a thing jumped at, and I I cannot but perceive that this so called rich and refined life is a thing jumped at, and I I cannot but perceive that this so called rich and refined life is a thing jumped at, and I do not get on in the enjoyment of the fine arts which adorn it, my attention being wholly occupied with the jump; for I remember that the greatest genuine leap, due to human muscles alone, on record, is that of certain wandering Arabs, who are said to have are said to have are said to have are said to have are said to have cleared twenty-five feet on level ground. Without factitious support, man is sure to come to earth again beyond this that that that that that distance. The first question which I am tempted to put to the proprietor of such great impropriety is, Who boosts bolsters bolsters bolsters bolsters bolsters bolsters you? Are you one of the 99 ninety-seven ninety-seven ninety-seven ninety-seven ninety-seven who fail? the hundredth who succeeds? or of the three who succeed? or of the three who succeed? or of the three who succeed? or of the three who succeed? or of the three who succeed? Answer me these questions, and then perhaps I may look at your bawbles and find them ornamental. The cart before the horse is neither beautiful nor useful.Answer me these questions & then perhaps I will may look at your knickknacks bawbles & find them beautiful ornamental. The cart before the horse is neither beautiful nor useful. Answer me these questions, and then perhaps I may look at your bawbles and find them ornamental. The cart before the horse is neither beautiful nor useful. Answer me these questions, and then perhaps I may look at your bawbles and find them ornamental. The cart before the horse is neither beautiful nor useful. Answer me these questions, and then perhaps I may look at your bawbles and find them ornamental. The cart before the horse is neither beautiful nor useful. Answer me these questions, and then perhaps I may look at your bawbles and find them ornamental. The cart before the horse is neither beautiful nor useful. Answer me these questions, and then perhaps I may look at your bawbles and find them ornamental. The cart before the horse is neither beautiful nor useful. 56c
Economy 56c written: A rewritten: B, C

(Ronald Clapper)
Before we can adorn our houses with beautiful objects the walls must be stripped, and our lives must be stripped, and beautiful housekeeping and beautiful living be laid for a foundation: now, what we call taste what we call taste what we call a taste a taste a taste a taste a taste a taste for the beautiful is most cultivated out of doors, where there is no house and no housekeeper.
57
Economy 57 written: G

(Ronald Clapper)
Old Johnson, in his “Wonder-Working Providence,” says speaking of the first settlers in this town says speaking of the first settlers of this town, with whom he was contemporary, tells us that “they burrow themselves in the earth for their first shelter under a some hillside, and, casting the soil aloft upon timber, they make a smoky fire against the earth, at the highest side.” They did not “provide them houses,” says he, “till the earth, by the Lord’s blessing, brought forth bread to feed them,” and the first year’s crop was so lean light that “they were forced to cut their bread very thin for a long season.” And the secretary The secretary of the Province of New Netherland, writing In Dutch, In Dutch, in 1650, for the information of those who wish wished wished to take up land there, observes states more particularly, states more particularly, that “those in New Netherland, and especially in New England, who have no means to build farm houses at first according to their wishes, dig a square pit in the ground, cellar fashion, six or seven feet deep, as long and as broad as they think proper, case the earth inside with wood all round the wall, and line the wood with the bark of trees or something else to prevent the caving in of the earth; floor this cellar with plank, and wainscot it overhead for a ceiling, raise a roof of spars clear up, and cover the spars with bark or green sods, so that they can live dry and warm in these houses with their entire families for two, three, and four years, it being understood that partitions are run through those cellars which are adapted to the size of the family. The wealthy and principal men in New England, in the beginning of the colonies, commenced their first dwelling houses in this fashion for two reasons; firstly, in order not to waste time building, in building, and not to want food the next season; secondly, in order not to discourage poor laboring people whom they brought over in numbers from Fatherland. In the course of three or four years, when the country became adapted to agriculture, they built themselves handsome houses, spending on them several thousands.”Like prudent men they some of our ancestors waited till more pressing wants were satisfied before they built those durable houses which we I still see standing here & there thousands."
58
Economy 58 written: G

(Ronald Clapper)
In this course which our ancestors took there was a show of prudence at least, as if their principle were to satisfy the more pressing wants first. In this course which our ancestors took there was a show of prudence at least, as if their principle were to satisfy the more pressing wants first. But are the more pressing wants satisfied now? I confess that when When I think of acquiring for myself one of our luxurious dwellings, I feel that am deterred, for so to speak , am deterred, for, so to speak, the country is not yet adapted to human culture, and we are still forced to cut our spiritual bread far thinner than our forefathers did their wheaten. Not that all architectural ornament is to be neglected even in the rudest periods; but let our houses first be lined with beauty, where they come in contact with our lives, like the tenement of the shellfish, and not overlaid with it. Not that all architectural ornament is to be neglected even in the rudest periods; but let our houses first be lined with beauty, where they come in contact with our lives, like the tenement of the shellfish, and not overlaid with it. But, alas! I have been inside one or two of them, and know what they are lined with.
59
Economy 59 written: A rewritten: A, B
A: When Economy 51 and 59 were added to the manuscript on a partial leaf, Economy 59 preceded 51. When Economy 51 and 59 were later recopied on a new, unnumbered leaf, Economy 59 followed 51.
A1: I speak understandingly on this subject … both theoretically and practically is interlined.

(Ronald Clapper)
Though we are not so degenerate but that we might possibly live in a cave or a wigwam or wear skins to-day, it r
Revision note: A1: is certainly
is certainly
is certainly is certainly is certainly is certainly is certainly is certainly is certainly is
better to accept the advantages, though so dearly bought, which the invention and industry of mankind offer. In such a neighborhood as this, boards and shingles, lime and bricks, are cheaper and more easily r
Revision note: A1: come at
come at
come at obtained obtained obtained obtained obtained obtained obtained
than suitable caves, or whole logs, or bark in sufficient quantities, or even well-tempered clay or flat stones. I speak r
Revision note: A1: advisedly
advisedly understandingly
understandingly understandingly understandingly understandingly understandingly understandingly understandingly
on this subject, for I have r
Revision note: A1: gone into
gone into
gone into made myself acquainted with made myself acquainted with made myself acquainted with made myself acquainted with made myself acquainted with made myself acquainted with made myself acquainted with
it both theoretically and practically. With a little more wit we might use these materials so as to become richer than the richest now are, and make our civilization a blessing. r
Revision note: A1:
The civilized man is a more experienced and wiser savage. The civilized man is a more experienced and wiser savage. The civilized man is a more experienced and wiser savage. The civilized man is a more experienced and wiser savage. The civilized man is a more experienced and wiser savage. The civilized man is a more experienced and wiser savage.
But to make haste to my own experiment.
60
Economy 60 written: A rewritten: C
C: A fair copy of Economy 60 was begun on a leaf from B that had been taken into C.
A: It is difficult to begin … pines and hickories were springing up is interlined in pencil.
A & C: it appeared to me that … a higher and more ethereal life does not appear in the manuscript in A and in the original copying of C but is interlined in pencil in C.

(Ronald Clapper)
Near the end of March, 1845, I borrowed an axe and went down to the woods by Walden Pond, by Walden Pond, by Walden Pond, by Walden Pond, by Walden Pond, by Walden Pond, by Walden Pond, by Walden Pond, nearest to where I intended to build my I told you that I should put in the I, house, house, house, house, house, house, house, and began to cut down some tall arrowy white white white white white white pines, still in their youth, for timber. It is difficult not to begin with to begin without to begin without to begin without to begin without to begin without to begin without to begin without borrowing, Our very life is borrowed and must be returned with interest to him who lent it. Our very life is borrowed and must be returned with interest to him who lent it. Our very life is in one sense borrowed and must be returned with interest to him who lent it. but perhaps it is the most generous course thus to permit your fellow-men to have an interest in your enterprise. but perhaps it is the most generous course thus to permit your fellow-men to have an interest in your enterprise. but perhaps it is the most generous course thus to permit your fellow-men to have an interest in your enterprise. but perhaps it is the most generous course thus to permit your fellow-men to have an interest in your enterprise. but perhaps it is the most generous course thus to permit your fellow-men to have an interest in your enterprise. The man of whom I borrowed The man of whom I borrowed The man of whom I borrowed In this case the owner of The owner of The owner of The owner of The owner of The owner of the axe, as he relaxed his hold on it as he released his hold on it, as he released his hold on it, as he released his hold on it, as he released his hold on it, as he released his hold on it, said that it was the apple of his eye; but I returned it sharper than I found found found received received received received received it. It was a pleasant hillside where I worked, covered with pine woods, through which I looked out on the pond, and on a small clearing on a small clearing on a small open field a small open field a small open field a small open field a small open field a small open field in the woods then growing up to pines & hickories. woods then growing up to pines & hickories. woods where pines & hickories were springing up. woods where pines and hickories were springing up. woods where pines and hickories were springing up. woods where pines and hickories were springing up. woods where pines and hickories were springing up. woods where pines and hickories were springing up. The ice in the pond was not yet dissolved, though there were some open spaces, but it and it and it and it and it and it and it and it was all dark colored and saturated with water. There were some slight flurries of snow during the days that I worked there; though though though but but for the most part but for the most part but for the most part but for the most part but for the most part when I came out on on on on to on to on to on to on to the railroad, on my way home, its yellow sand heap stretched away gleaming in the hazy atmosphere, and the rails shone in the spring sun, and I heard the woodpecker & vireo woodpecker & vireo woodpecker & vireo lark and pewee lark and pewee lark and pewee lark and pewee lark and pewee and other birds already come to commence another year with us. They were pleasant spring days, in which the winter of man’s discontent was thawing as well as the earth, and the life that had lain torpid began to stretch itself. I remember that one One One One One One One One day, when my axe had come off and I had cut a green hickory for a wedge, driving it with a stone and the handle, stone, stone, stone, stone, stone, stone, stone, and had placed the whole it it it the whole the whole the whole the whole the whole the whole to soak in a pond hole in order to swell it, it, it the wood, the wood, the wood, the wood, the wood, the wood, I saw a striped snake run into the water, and he lay on the bottom, apparently without inconvenience, as long as I staid there, which was more than 15 minutes, and I know not how much longer he remained there. which was more than 15 minutes, and I know not how much longer he remained there. which was more than fifteen minutes, and I know not how much longer he remained there a quarter of an hour perhaps because he had not yet come fairly out of the torpid state. or more than a quarter of an hour; perhaps because he had not yet fairly come out of the torpid state. or more than a quarter of an hour; perhaps because he had not yet fairly come out of the torpid state. or more than a quarter of an hour; perhaps because he had not yet fairly come out of the torpid state. or more than a quarter of an hour; perhaps because he had not yet fairly come out of the torpid state. or more than a quarter of an hour; perhaps because he had not yet fairly come out of the torpid state. I thought it appeared to me I thought it appeared to me I thought it appeared to me It appeared to me It appeared to me It appeared to me It appeared to me It appeared to me that for a like reason men remain in their present low condition and are able to live as it were in a this gross element atmosphere; condition and are able to live as it were in a this gross element atmosphere; condition and are able to live as it were in a this gross element atmosphere; and primitive condition; and primitive condition; and primitive condition; and primitive condition; and primitive condition; but if they should feel the influence of the spring of springs arousing them, they would be compelled to rise to a more ethereal element. be compelled to rise to a more ethereal element. be compelled to rise to a more ethereal element. of necessity rise to a higher and more ethereal life. of necessity rise to a higher and more ethereal life. of necessity rise to a higher and more ethereal life. of necessity rise to a higher and more ethereal life. of necessity rise to a higher and more ethereal life. I had previously seen them them them the snakes the snakes the snakes the snakes the snakes the snakes in frosty mornings in my path with a portion of a portion of a portion of portions portions portions portions portions portions of their bodies still numb and inflexible, wait ing for the sun to thaw them. On the 1st of April it rained and melted the ice in the pond, ice, ice, ice, ice, ice, ice, ice, and in the early part of the day, which was very foggy, I heard a stray goose groping about over the pond and cackling as if lost, or or or or or like the spirit of the fog.
61
Economy 61 written: A rewritten: C
A: I hewed the main timbers … borrowed other tools by this time is interlined in pencil.

(Ronald Clapper)
So I went on for some days cutting and hewing timber, and also studs and rafters, all with my narrow axe, not having many communicable or scholar-like thoughts, singing to myself,—
 
Men say they know many things;
 
But lo! they have taken wings,—
 
The arts and sciences,
 
And a thousand appliances;
 
The wind that blows
 
Is all that any body knows.
I hewed the main timbers six inches square, and of sapling pine, most of the studs only on two sides, most of the studs on two sides only, most of the studs on two sides only, most of the studs on two sides only, most of the studs on two sides only, most of the studs on two sides only, most of the studs on two sides only, most of the studs on two sides only, and the rafters and floor timbers on one side, leaving the rest of the bark on, so that they were just as straight and much stronger than sawed ones. Each stick was carefully mortised & finished & finished and finished or tenoned or tenoned or tenoned or tenoned or tenoned or tenoned by its stump, for I had borrowed other tools by this time. My days in the woods in the woods in the woods in the woods in the woods in the woods in the woods in the woods were not very long ones; but but but yet yet yet yet yet yet I usually carried my dinner of bread and butter, and read the newspaper in which it was wrapped, at noon, sitting amid the green pine boughs which I had cut off, which I had cut off, which I had cut off, which I had cut off, which I had cut off, which I had cut off, and to my bread was imparted some of their fragrance, for my hands were covered with a thick coat of pitch. Before I had done I was more the friend than the foe of the pine tree, having become better acquainted with it, though I had cut down some of them. There is something mournful in the crash of a every falling tree, though we hastily suppose that it gives up its life without a groan. But Yet even they do not fall to the ground without our heavenly Father’s knowledge. having become better acquainted with it, though I had cut down some of them. There is something mournful in the crash of a every falling tree, though we hastily suppose that it gives up its life without a groan. But Yet even they do not fall to the ground without our heavenly Father’s knowledge. having become better acquainted with it, though I had cut down some of them. There is something mournful in the crash of every falling tree, though we hastily suppose that it gives up its life without a groan. Yet even they do this does not fall to the ground without their its heavenly Father’s knowledge. though I had cut down some of them, having become better acquainted with it. though I had cut down some of them, having become better acquainted with it. though I had cut down some of them, having become better acquainted with it. though I had cut down some of them, having become better acquainted with it. though I had cut down some of them, having become better acquainted with it. Sometimes a rambler of of of in in in in in in the wood was attracted by the sound of my axe, and we chatted pleasantly over the chips which which which which which which which which I had made.
62
Economy 62 written: A rewritten: C
C: A fair copy was made of only By the middle of April . . . at first unobserved from; the rest of Economy 62 was contained on a leaf in A (#39) that was taken into C and renumbered (#77).

(Ronald Clapper)
By the middle of April, for I made no haste in my work, but rather made the most of it, my house was framed and ready for the raising. I had already bought the shanty of James Collins, an Irishman who worked on the Fitchburg Railroad, an Irishman who worked on the Fitchburg Railroad, an Irishman who worked on the Fitchburg Railroad, an Irishman who worked on the Fitchburg Railroad, an Irishman who worked on the Fitchburg Railroad, an Irishman who worked on the Fitchburg Railroad, an Irishman who worked on the Fitchburg Railroad, an Irishman who worked on the Fitchburg Railroad, for boards. James Collins’ shanty was considered an extra extra extra uncommonly uncommonly uncommonly uncommonly uncommonly uncommonly fine one. When I called to see it he was not at home. I walked about the outside, at first unobserved from within, the window was so deep and high. It was of small dimensions, with a peaked cottage roof, and not much else to be seen The dirt was being It was of small dimensions, with a peaked cottage roof, and not much else to be seen, the dirt being It was of small dimensions, with a peaked cottage roof, and not much else to be seen, the dirt being It was of small dimensions, with a peaked cottage roof, and not much else to be seen, the dirt being It was of small dimensions, with a peaked cottage roof, and not much else to be seen, the dirt being It was of small dimensions, with a peaked cottage roof, and not much else to be seen, the dirt being It was of small dimensions, with a peaked cottage roof, and not much else to be seen, the dirt being It was of small dimensions, with a peaked cottage roof, and not much else to be seen, the dirt being raised five feet all around as if it were a compost heap. The roof was the soundest part, though a good deal warped and made brittle by the sun. Door-sill there was none, but a perennial passage for the hens under the door board. Mrs. C. came to the door and asked me to view it from the inside. The hens The hens The hens The hens The hens The hens The hens The hens were driven in by my approach. It was as dark as a cellar of small compass-peaked cottage roof and had a dirt floor mostly which was for the most part of ague clammy & aguish only dark, and had a dirt floor for the most part, dank, clammy, and aguish, only dark, and had a dirt floor for the most part, dank, clammy, and aguish, only dark, and had a dirt floor for the most part, dank, clammy, and aguish, only dark, and had a dirt floor for the most part, dank, clammy, and aguish, only dark, and had a dirt floor for the most part, dank, clammy, and aguish, only dark, and had a dirt floor for the most part, dank, clammy, and aguish, only dark, and had a dirt floor for the most part, dank, clammy, and aguish, only here a board and there a board which would not bear removal. She lighted a lamp to show me the ceiling and the sides inside of the roof and the walls, inside of the roof and the walls, inside of the roof and the walls, inside of the roof and the walls, inside of the roof and the walls, inside of the roof and the walls, inside of the roof and the walls, inside of the roof and the walls, and also that the board floor extended under the bed, warning me not to step into the cellar, a sort of dust hole two feet deep. In her own words, they were “good boards overhead, good boards all around, and a good window,”—of two whole squares originally, originally, originally, originally, originally, originally, originally, originally, only the cat had had had had had had had had passed out that way lately. There was a stove, a bed, and a place to sit, an infant in the house where it was born, a silk parasol, gilt-framed looking-glass, and a patent new coffee mill nailed to an oak sapling, all told. The bargain was soon concluded, for James had in the mean while in the mean while in the mean while in the mean while in the mean while in the mean while in the mean while in the mean while returned. I to pay four dollars and twenty-five cents to-night, he to vacate at five to-morrow morning, selling to nobody else meanwhile: I to take possession at six. It were well, he said, to be there early, and anticipate certain indistinct but wholly unjust claims on the score of ground rent and fuel. This he assured me was the only encumbrance. At six I passed him and his family on the road. One large bundle held their all,—bed, coffee-mill, looking-glass, hens,—all but the cat, she took to the woods and became a wild cat, and, as I learned afterward, trod in a trap set for woodchucks, and so became a dead cat at last.
63a
Economy 63a written: A

(Ronald Clapper)
I threw took took took took took took took took down this dwelling the same morning, drawing the nails, and removed it to the pond side by small cartloads, spreading the boards on the grass there to bleach and warp back again in the sun. One early thrush gave me a note or two as I drove along the woodland path. I was informed treacherously 63b
Economy 63b written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
by a young Patrick that neighbor Seeley, an by a young Patrick that neighbor Seeley, an by a young Patrick that neighbor Seeley, an by a young Patrick that neighbor Seeley, an by a young Patrick that neighbor Seeley, an Irishman, in the intervals of the carting, transferred the still tolerable, straight, and drivable nails, staples, and spikes to his pocket, and then stood there stood stood stood stood when I came back to pass the time of day, and look freshly up, unconcerned, with spring thoughts, at the devastation; there being a dearth of work, as he said. He was there to represent spectatordom, and help make this seemingly insignificant event one with the removal of the gods of Troy.
64
Economy 64 written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
I dug my cellar in the side of a hill sloping to the south, where a woodchuck had formerly dug his burrow, down through sumach and blackberry roots, and the lowest stain of vegetation, six feet square by seven deep, to a fine sand where potatoes would not freeze in any winter. The sides were left shelving, and not stoned; but the sun having never shone on them, the sun having never shone on them, the sun having never shone on them, the sun having never shone on them, the sand still keeps its place. It was but two hours’ work. I took particular pleasure in this breaking of ground, for in I took particular pleasure in this breaking of ground, for in almost I took particular pleasure in this breaking of ground, for in almost I took particular pleasure in this breaking of ground, for in almost I took particular pleasure in this breaking of ground, for in almost all latitudes men dig into the earth into the earth into the earth into the earth into the earth for an equable temperature. and under the most splendid superstructures house in the city —as well as in the country— are is still to be found these primitive burrows the cellar where men Under the most splendid house in the city is still to be found the cellar where they Under the most splendid house in the city is still to be found the cellar where they Under the most splendid house in the city is still to be found the cellar where they Under the most splendid house in the city is still to be found the cellar where they store their roots as of old, and long after the former has disappeared men will remark these dents superstructure has disappeared posterity remark its dent superstructure has disappeared posterity remark its dent superstructure has disappeared posterity remark its dent superstructure has disappeared posterity remark its dent superstructure has disappeared posterity remark its dent in the earth. The house is still but a sort of porch at the entrance of a burrow. The house is still but a sort of porch at the entrance of a burrow. The house is still but a sort of porch at the entrance of a burrow. The house is still but a sort of porch at the entrance of a burrow. The house is still but a sort of porch at the entrance of a burrow.
65a
Economy 65a written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
At length, in the beginning of May, with the help of some of my acquaintances, rather to improve so good an occasion for neighborliness than from any necessity, I set up the frame of my house. No man was ever more honored in the character of his raisers than I. They are destined, I trust, to assist at the raising of loftier structures one day. No man was ever more honored in the character of his raisers than I. They are destined, I trust, to assist at the raising of loftier structures one day. No man was ever more honored in the character of his raisers than I. They are destined, I trust, to assist at the raising of loftier structures one day. No man was ever more honored in the character of his raisers than I. They are destined, I trust, to assist at the raising of loftier structures one day. No man was ever more honored in the character of his raisers than I. They are destined, I trust, to assist at the raising of loftier structures one day. I began to occupy it my house my house my house my house my house on the 4th of July, as soon as it was boarded and roofed, for the boards were carefully feather-edged and lapped, so that it was perfectly impervious to rain; but before boarding I laid the foundation of a chimney at one end, bringing two cartloads of stones up the hill from the pond in my arms. I built the chimney after my hoeing in the fall, before a fire became necessary for warmth, doing my cooking in the mean while out of doors on the ground, early in the morning: which mode I still think is in some respects more convenient and agreeable than the usual one. When it stormed before my bread was baked, I fixed a few boards over the fire, and sat under them to watch my loaf, and passed some pleasant hours in that way. In those days, when my hands were much employed, I read but little in books, little, little, little, little, but the least scraps of paper which lay on the ground, my holder, or tablecloth, afforded me as much entertainment, in fact 65b
Economy 65b written: A rewritten: D
A: A missing leaf (#41) precedes Economy 65b.

(Ronald Clapper)
answered the same purpose as the Iliad.
66a
Economy 66a written: D rewritten: D

(Ronald Clapper)
It would be worth the while to build still still still still still more deliberately r
Revision note: D1: and poetically,
and poetically than I did,
than I did, than I did, than I did, than I did,
considering, for instance, for instance, for instance, for instance, for instance, what foundation a door, a window, a cellar, a garret, have in the nature of man, and perchance perchance perchance perchance perchance never raising any superstructure until we found a better foundation for it in our minds. Even I built too heedlessly to build well, or fairly to learn my lesson reason for it than our temporal necessities even. reason for it than our temporal necessities even. reason for it than our temporal necessities even. reason for it than our temporal necessities even. reason for it than our temporal necessities even. There is something of the same propriety some of the same fitness some of the same fitness some of the same fitness some of the same fitness some of the same fitness in a man’s building his own house that there is in a bird’s building r
Revision note: D1: her
her its
its its its its
own nest. r
Revision note: D1: unless we would be do like cowbirds & cuckoos which lay their eggs in the nest which other birds have built and perhaps if men simply & honestly provided food for themselves & families, and constructed their dwellings with their own hands the poetic faculty would be universally developed, as birds sing in the spring at the season of the year when they are so engaged.
unless we would do like cowbirds and cuckoos, which lay their eggs in nests which other birds have built. Perchance, if men constructed their dwellings with their own hands, and provided food for themselves and families simply and honestly enough, the poetic faculty would be universally developed, as birds universally sing when they are so engaged. In building a shelter for himself man yields to a like instinct with the bird when it builds its nest, and celebrates its labors with its song; and perhaps if all men did thus, and provided But alas we do like cowbirds & cuckoos which lay their eggs in nests which other birds have built, & cheer no traveller with their chattering & unmusical notes.
Who knows but if men constructed their dwellings with their own hands, and provided food for themselves and families simply and honestly enough, the poetic faculty would be universally developed, as birds universally sing when they are so engaged? But alas! we do like cowbirds and cuckoos, which lay their eggs in nests which other birds have built, and cheer no traveller with their chattering and unmusical notes. Who knows but if men constructed their dwellings with their own hands, and provided food for themselves and families simply and honestly enough, the poetic faculty would be universally developed, as birds universally sing when they are so engaged? But alas! we do like cowbirds and cuckoos, which lay their eggs in nests which other birds have built, and cheer no traveller with their chattering and unmusical notes. Who knows but if men constructed their dwellings with their own hands, and provided food for themselves and families simply and honestly enough, the poetic faculty would be universally developed, as birds universally sing when they are so engaged? But alas! we do like cowbirds and cuckoos, which lay their eggs in nests which other birds have built, and cheer no traveller with their chattering and unmusical notes. Who knows but if men constructed their dwellings with their own hands, and provided food for themselves and families simply and honestly enough, the poetic faculty would be universally developed, as birds universally sing when they are so engaged? But alas! we do like cowbirds and cuckoos, which lay their eggs in nests which other birds have built, and cheer no traveller with their chattering and unmusical notes.
66b
Economy 66b written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
Shall men we we we we we forever resign the pleasure of construction to the carpenter? In building a shelter for himself man yields to the like instinct with the bird who is building her nest—& who celebrates her labors with her song What does architecture mean in the experience of the mass of men? What does architecture amount to in the experience of the mass of men? What does architecture amount to in the experience of the mass of men? What does architecture amount to in the experience of the mass of men? What does architecture amount to in the experience of the mass of men? I never in all my walks came across a man engaged in so simple and natural a thing an occupation an occupation an occupation an occupation as building his house. We belong to the community. It is not the tailor alone who is the ninth part of a man; That remark applies universally to the condition of men today—and is as true of the preacher as the tailor the nobleman as the peasant it is as much the preacher or merchant. it is as much the preacher, and the merchant, and the farmer. it is as much the preacher, and the merchant, and the farmer. it is as much the preacher, and the merchant, and the farmer. it is as much the preacher, and the merchant, and the farmer. Where is this division of labor to end? and what object does it finally serve? finally is its final object? object does it finally serve? object does it finally serve? object does it finally serve? object does it finally serve? No doubt another may also think for me; but it is not therefore desirable that he should do so do so do so do so do so to the exclusion of my thinking for myself. Folly in the gross is no more respectable than folly in detail. I do not hesitate to repeat what was asserted by another in a moment of illumination that “mankind is a damned fool.” Take the article ice, for instance, I say that society is foolish which so unwisely adds this to the already long list of its luxuries. My argument is this. We are exceedingly poor & not to say bankrupt living beyond our means—ice is a mere luxury at best & concomitant of luxuries—& truly it is an expensive luxury—say what you will about it. Have 20 mats at your door if you have leisure to shake them yourself—The fatuity with which it adopts & clutches at our luxuries—it is a roué, a debauché and will not listen to reason—as well as reason with a sick man. You must use force for his good or let him die! myself. myself. myself. myself.
67a
Economy 67a written: D rewritten: D

(Ronald Clapper)
True, there are architects so called in this country as elsewhere, country, country, country, country, and I have heard of one at least possessed with the idea of making architectural ornaments have a core of truth, a necessity, and hence a beauty, as if it were a revelation unto to to to to to him. All very well perchance perhaps perhaps perhaps perhaps from his point of view, but only a little better than the common dilettantism. One must treat tenderly such artists and their schemes. dilettantism. dilettantism. dilettantism. dilettantism. A sentimental reformer in architecture, he began at the cornice, not at the foundation. It was only how to put a core of truth within the ornaments, that every sugar plum in fact might have an almond or caraway seed in it,—though I hold that almonds are most wholesome without the sugar, in it,—though I hold that almonds are most wholesome without the sugar, in it,—though I hold that almonds are most wholesome without the sugar, in it,—though I hold that almonds are most wholesome without the sugar, —and not how the inhabitant, the indweller, might build truly within and without, and let the ornaments take care of themselves. What reasonable man ever supposed that ornaments were something outward and outward and outward and outward and outward and in the skin merely,—that the tortoise got his spotted shell, or the shellfish its mother-o’-pearl tints, by such a contract as the people inhabitants inhabitants inhabitants inhabitants inhabitants of Broadway their Trinity Church? r
Revision note: D1:
But a man has no more to do with the style of architecture of his house than a tortoise with that of its shell: nor need the soldier be so idle as to try to paint the precise color of his virtue on his standard. The enemy will find it out. He may turn pale when the trial comes.
But a man has no more to do with the style of architecture of his house than a tortoise with that of its shell: nor need the soldier be so idle as to try to paint the precise color of his virtue on his standard. The enemy will find it out. He may turn pale when the trial comes. But a man has no more to do with the style of architecture of his house than a tortoise with that of its shell: nor need the soldier be so idle as to try to paint the precise color of his virtue on his standard. The enemy will find it out. He may turn pale when the trial comes. But a man has no more to do with the style of architecture of his house than a tortoise with that of its shell: nor need the soldier be so idle as to try to paint the precise color of his virtue on his standard. The enemy will find it out. He may turn pale when the trial comes. But a man has no more to do with the style of architecture of his house than a tortoise with that of its shell: nor need the soldier be so idle as to try to paint the precise color of his virtue on his standard. The enemy will find it out. He may turn pale when the trial comes.
This man seemed to me to lean over the cornice and timidly whisper this his his his his his half truth to the rude r
Revision note: D1: indwellers
indwellers
occupants occupants occupants occupants
who really knew it more interiorly better better better better better than he. What of architectural beauty I now see, I know has gradually grown from within outward, out of the character and necessities and character necessities and character necessities and character necessities and character necessities and character of the indweller, r
Revision note: D1: and who is the only
and who is the only
who is the only who is the only who is the only who is the only
builder,—out of r
Revision note: D1: an
an some
some some some some
unconscious r
Revision note: D1: nobleness & truthfulness,
nobleness, and truthfulness & nobleness,
truthfulness, and nobleness, truthfulness, and nobleness, truthfulness, and nobleness, truthfulness, and nobleness,
without ever a thought for mere ornament; the appearance; the appearance; the appearance; the appearance; and whatever additional beauty of this kind is destined to be produced will be r
Revision note: D1: preceded & accompanied, aye created
preceded & created
preceded preceded preceded preceded
by a like unconscious beauty of life. r
Revision note: D1: One of the most beautiful dwellings in this country is a loggers hut in the woods the most beautiful dwellings in this country are as the painter knows the most unpretending, humble log huts & cottages;
The most beautiful interesting dwellings in this country are as the painter knows are the most unpretending, humble log-huts & cottages of the poor commonly;
The most interesting dwellings in this country, as the painter knows, are the most unpretending, humble log huts and cottages of the poor commonly; The most interesting dwellings in this country, as the painter knows, are the most unpretending, humble log huts and cottages of the poor commonly; The most interesting dwellings in this country, as the painter knows, are the most unpretending, humble log huts and cottages of the poor commonly; The most interesting dwellings in this country, as the painter knows, are the most unpretending, humble log huts and cottages of the poor commonly;
r
Revision note: D1:
it is the life of the inhabitants whose shells they are, and not any peculiarity in their surface merely, which makes them picturesque ;
it is the life of the inhabitants whose shells they are, and not any peculiarity in their surface merely, which makes them picturesque ; it is the life of the inhabitants whose shells they are, and not any peculiarity in their surface merely, which makes them picturesque ; it is the life of the inhabitants whose shells they are, and not any peculiarity in their surface merely, which makes them picturesque ; it is the life of the inhabitants whose shells they are, and not any peculiarity in their surface merely, which makes them picturesque ;
and equally r
Revision note: D1: beautiful
beautiful interesting
interesting interesting interesting interesting
will be the citizen’s suburban box, when r
Revision note: D1: the life of the indweller
the life of the indweller
his life his life his life his life
shall be as simple and as agreeable to the imagination, and there is as little straining after effect in the style of his dwelling. A great proportion of architectural ornaments are literally hollow, and a September gale would strip most of them them them them them off, like borrowed plumes, without injury to the substantials. They will can can can can do without architecture who have no olives nor wines in the cellar. What if an equal ado were made about the ornaments of style in literature, and the architects of our bibles spent as much time about their cornices as the architects of our churches do? So are made the belles-lettres and the beaux-arts and their professors. What if an equal ado were made about the ornaments of style in literature, and the architects of our bibles spent as much time about their cornices as the architects of our churches do? So are made the belles-lettres and the beaux-arts and their professors. What if an equal ado were made about the ornaments of style in literature, and the architects of our bibles spent as much time about their cornices as the architects of our churches do? So are made the belles-lettres and the beaux-arts and their professors. What if an equal ado were made about the ornaments of style in literature, and the architects of our bibles spent as much time about their cornices as the architects of our churches do? So are made the belles-lettres and the beaux-arts and their professors. Much it concerns a man, forsooth, how a few sticks are slanted over him or under him, and what colors are daubed upon his box. and what colors are daubed upon his box. and what colors are daubed upon his box. and what colors are daubed upon his box. and what colors are daubed upon his box. It would signify somewhat, if, in r
Revision note: D1: some
some any
any any any any
earnest sense, he slanted them & daubed them; them and daubed it; them and daubed it; them and daubed it; them and daubed it; but now, the spirit having departed out of the tenant, the spirit having departed out of the tenant, the spirit having departed out of the tenant, the spirit having departed out of the tenant, it is of a piece 67b
Economy 67b written: F

(Ronald Clapper)
with constructing his own coffin,—the architecture of the grave, and “carpenter” is but another name for “undertaker.” “coffin-maker.” “coffin-maker.” One man says, in his despair or indifference to life, take up a handful of the earth at your feet, and paint your house that color. Is he thinking of his last and narrow house? Is he thinking of his last and narrow house? Is he thinking of his last and narrow house? Toss up a copper for it as well. What an abundance of leisure he must have! Why do you take up a handful of dirt? Why not paint your house with your blood, with your sweat, at least? & thin not the paint with spirits of turpentine. Better paint your house your own complexion; let it turn pale or blush for you. Better paint your house your own complexion; let it turn pale or blush for you. An enterprise to improve the style of cottage architecture! When you have got my ornaments ready I will wear them. Grow your own house, I say. Build it after some Orphean fashion. them. them.
68
Economy 68 written: C

(Ronald Clapper)
Before winter I built a chimney, and built a chimney, and built a chimney, and built a chimney, and built a chimney, and built a chimney, and shingled the sides of my house, which were already impervious to rain, with imperfect and sappy shingles made of the first slice of the log, whose edges I was obliged to straighten with a plane.
69
Economy 69 written: A rewritten: B, C
A: and I give the details … materials which compose them is interlined.

(Ronald Clapper)
I have a thus a tight shingled and plastered house even more thoroughly finished than usual excepting the shingling thus a tight shingled and plastered house, thus a tight shingled and plastered house, thus a tight shingled and plastered house, thus a tight shingled and plastered house, thus a tight shingled and plastered house, thus a tight shingled and plastered house, thus a tight shingled and plastered house, ten feet wide wide wide wide wide wide wide wide by fifteen long, long, long, long, long, long, long, long, and eight-feet high, posts, posts, posts, posts, posts, posts, posts, with a garret and a closet, a large window on each side, two trap doors, one door at the end, and a brick brick brick brick brick brick brick brick fireplace opposite. The exact cost of my house, when completed, house, when completed, house, house, house, house, house, house, paying the usual price for the materials the materials the such materials such materials as I used, such materials as I used, such materials as I used, such materials as I used, such materials as I used, but not counting the work, all of which was done by myself, was as follows; I should not enter so much into details if it were not for the fact that I should not enter so much into details if it were not for the fact & I give the details because and I give the details because and I give the details because and I give the details because and I give the details because and I give the details because and I give the details because very few are able to tell exactly what their houses cost, and fewer still, if any, the separate cost of the various materials which compose them:—
Boards, $ 8 03½, mostly shanty boards. mostly shanty boards. mostly shanty boards. mostly shanty boards. mostly shanty boards. mostly shanty boards. mostly shanty boards.
Refuse shingles for roof and sides, 4.00 4.00 4 00 4 00 4 00 4 00 4 00 4 00 They were merely just shakes They had to be straightened with a plane I had to straighten them with a plane
Laths, 1 25
Two second-hand windows with glass, 2 43 That was high
One thousand old brick, 4 00
Two casks of lime, 2 40 That was high.
Hair, 0 31 More than I needed.
Mantle-tree iron, 0 15
Nails, 3 90
Hinges and screws, 0 14
Latch, .10 .10 .10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 I helped forge that I helped forge that Finished by myself Finished by myself
Chalk, 0 01
Transportation, 1 40 } I carried a good part on my back.
In all, $28 12½
70
Economy 70 written: B rewritten: C
B: These are all the materials … by squatter’s right is interlined in pencil.

(Ronald Clapper)
These are all the materials which entered into its composition, materials which entered into its composition composed it, materials, materials, materials, materials, materials, excepting the frame & the frame & the timber timber timber timber timber stones and sand, which I claimed by squatter’s right. I have also a small wood-shed attached, attached adjoining, adjoining, adjoining, adjoining, adjoining, adjoining, made chiefly of the materials which were materials which were stuff which was stuff which was stuff which was stuff which was stuff which was stuff which was left after building my house. my the house. the house. the house. the house. the house. the house.
71
Economy 71 written: A rewritten: C
A: Economy 71, 72a, 73a, and 74 were added to the manuscript on two unnumbered leaves.

(Ronald Clapper)
I intend to build me a house which will surpass any on the main street in Concord in Concord in Concord in Concord in Concord in Concord in Concord in Concord in grandeur and luxury, as soon as it pleases me as much and will cost me no more than my present one.
72a
Economy 72a written: A rewritten: B, C

(Ronald Clapper)
I thus found that the student who would have a shelter, i.e. if you wish to speak of facts and will recognize only such a necessity as the fates know would have a shelter, i.e. if you wish to speak of facts and will recognize only such a necessity as the fates know would have wishes for a shelter, that is if you wish to speak of facts, and will recognize only such necessities as the fates know wishes for a shelter wishes for a shelter wishes for a shelter wishes for a shelter wishes for a shelter can obtain one for a lifetime for a lifetime for a lifetime for a lifetime for a lifetime for a lifetime for a lifetime at an expense not greater than the rent which he now pays annually. If I seem to be vainglorious in my statements & brag more than is consistent with good taste, be vainglorious in my statements & brag more than is consistent with good taste, be vainglorious and to boast more than is consistent with good taste in what I am about to say, boast more than is becoming, boast more than is becoming, boast more than is becoming, boast more than is becoming, boast more than is becoming, my excuse is that I brag for humanity as well as rather than rather than rather than rather than rather than rather than rather than rather than for myself; I can well afford to assume the tone of a braggart there is so much truth in what I say. I can well afford to assume the tone of a braggart there is so much truth in what I say. and indeed I think that I can well afford to assume the tone of a braggart, notwithstanding my inconsistencies, there will be so much truth in what I shall say certainly my numerous shortcomings & inconsistencies do not affect the truth of what I now say my present statement. and my shortcomings and inconsistencies do not affect the truth of my statement. and my shortcomings and inconsistencies do not affect the truth of my statement. and my shortcomings and inconsistencies do not affect the truth of my statement. and my shortcomings and inconsistencies do not affect the truth of my statement. and my shortcomings and inconsistencies do not affect the truth of my statement. Notwithstanding much cant and hypocrisy,—chaff which I find it difficult to separate from my wheat, but for which I am as sorry as any man,—I will breathe freely and stretch myself in this respect, it is such a relief to both the moral and physical system; and I am resolved that I will not through humility become the devil’s attorney. I will endeavor to speak a good word for the truth. Notwithstanding much cant and hypocrisy,—chaff which I find it difficult to separate from my wheat, but for which I am as sorry as any man,—I will breathe freely and stretch myself in this respect, it is such a relief to both the moral and physical system; and I am resolved that I will not through humility become the devil’s attorney. I will endeavor to speak a good word for the truth. Notwithstanding much cant and hypocrisy,—chaff which I find it difficult to separate from my wheat, but for which I am as sorry as any man,—I will breathe freely and stretch myself in this respect, it is such a relief to both the moral and physical system; and I am resolved that I will not through humility become the devil’s attorney. I will endeavor to speak a good word for the truth. Notwithstanding much cant and hypocrisy,—chaff which I find it difficult to separate from my wheat, but for which I am as sorry as any man,—I will breathe freely and stretch myself in this respect, it is such a relief to both the moral and physical system; and I am resolved that I will not through humility become the devil’s attorney. I will endeavor to speak a good word for the truth. Notwithstanding much cant and hypocrisy,—chaff which I find it difficult to separate from my wheat, but for which I am as sorry as any man,—I will breathe freely and stretch myself in this respect, it is such a relief to both the moral and physical system; and I am resolved that I will not through humility become the devil’s attorney. I will endeavor to speak a good word for the truth. In In In At At At At At At Cambridge College the mere rent of a student’s room, which is no better only somewhat larger no better only somewhat larger only somewhat larger only a little larger only a little larger only a little larger only a little larger only a little larger than my own, is thirty dollars each year, though the corporation had the advantage of building thirty-two side by side and under one roof, and the occupant has has has suffers suffers suffers suffers suffers suffers the inconvenience of many and noisy neighbors, and a residence perhaps a residence perhaps perhaps a residence perhaps perhaps a residence perhaps a residence perhaps a residence perhaps a residence perhaps a residence in the fourth story. I cannot but think that if the college corporation and the students had more wit true wisdom in these respects not only less education would be needed, because forsooth more would already have been acquired, but the expense of getting an education would not only for the most part vanish, but less education would be needed, because forsooth more would already have been acquired. Just those I cannot but think that if the college corporation and the students had more wit true wisdom in these respects not only less education would be needed, because forsooth more would already have been acquired, but the expense of getting an education would not only for the most part vanish, but less education would be needed, because forsooth more would already have been acquired. Just those I cannot but think that if the corporation and the students we had more true practical wisdom in these respects, not only less education would be needed, because forsooth more would already have been acquired, but the pecuniary expense of getting an education would for the most part in a great measure vanish. Just those I cannot but think that if we had more true wisdom in these respects, not only less education would be needed, because, forsooth, more would already have been acquired, but the pecuniary expense of getting an education would in a great measure vanish. Those I cannot but think that if we had more true wisdom in these respects, not only less education would be needed, because, forsooth, more would already have been acquired, but the pecuniary expense of getting an education would in a great measure vanish. Those I cannot but think that if we had more true wisdom in these respects, not only less education would be needed, because, forsooth, more would already have been acquired, but the pecuniary expense of getting an education would in a great measure vanish. Those I cannot but think that if we had more true wisdom in these respects, not only less education would be needed, because, forsooth, more would already have been acquired, but the pecuniary expense of getting an education would in a great measure vanish. Those I cannot but think that if we had more true wisdom in these respects, not only less education would be needed, because, forsooth, more would already have been acquired, but the pecuniary expense of getting an education would in a great measure vanish. Those conveniences which the student requires at Cambridge or elsewhere or elsewhere or elsewhere or elsewhere or elsewhere or elsewhere cost him or somebody else ten times as great a sacrifice of life as they would with proper management on both sides. Those things for which the most money is demanded are not the things which the student most wants. Tuition, for instance, of comparatively little value is an important item in the term bill while the education which the student gets by associating with the best of his contemporaries is not charged for there. Those things for which the most money is demanded are never the things which the student most wants. Tuition, for instance, is an important item in the term bill, while for the far more valuable education which he gets by associating with the most cultivated of his contemporaries no charge is made. Those things for which the most money is demanded are never the things which the student most wants. Tuition, for instance, is an important item in the term bill, while for the far more valuable education which he gets by associating with the most cultivated of his contemporaries no charge is made. Those things for which the most money is demanded are never the things which the student most wants. Tuition, for instance, is an important item in the term bill, while for the far more valuable education which he gets by associating with the most cultivated of his contemporaries no charge is made. Those things for which the most money is demanded are never the things which the student most wants. Tuition, for instance, is an important item in the term bill, while for the far more valuable education which he gets by associating with the most cultivated of his contemporaries no charge is made. Those things for which the most money is demanded are never the things which the student most wants. Tuition, for instance, is an important item in the term bill, while for the far more valuable education which he gets by associating with the most cultivated of his contemporaries no charge is made. The mode of founding a college is, commonly, commonly, commonly, commonly, commonly, commonly, commonly, to get up a subscription of dollars and cents, and then following blindly the principles of a division of labor to its extreme, a principle which should never be followed but with circumspection, following blindly following the principle of a division of labor to its extreme, a principle which should only be followed but with circumspection—to never be adopted following blindly the principles of a division of labor to its extreme, a principle which should never be followed but with circumspection, following blindly the principles of a division of labor to its extreme, a principle which should never be followed but with circumspection, following blindly the principles of a division of labor to its extreme, a principle which should never be followed but with circumspection, following blindly the principles of a division of labor to its extreme, a principle which should never be followed but with circumspection, following blindly the principles of a division of labor to its extreme, a principle which should never be followed but with circumspection, following blindly the principles of a division of labor to its extreme, a principle which should never be followed but with circumspection, employ Irishmen or other operatives actually to lay the foundations—or to call in a contractor to make this a subject of speculation, to employ Irishmen or other operatives, actually to lay the foundations—or else to call in a contractor to make this a subject of speculation, to employ Irishmen, or other operatives, actually to lay the foundations—or else to call in a contractor to make this a subject of speculation, to call in a contractor who makes this a subject of speculation, and he employs Irishmen or other operatives actually to lay the foundations, to call in a contractor who makes this a subject of speculation, and he employs Irishmen or other operatives actually to lay the foundations, to call in a contractor who makes this a subject of speculation, and he employs Irishmen or other operatives actually to lay the foundations, to call in a contractor who makes this a subject of speculation, and he employs Irishmen or other operatives actually to lay the foundations, to call in a contractor who makes this a subject of speculation, and he employs Irishmen or other operatives actually to lay the foundations, while the students that are to be are said to be said to be said to be said to be said to be said to be said to be said to be fitting themselves for it; and for these oversights succeeding succeeding succeeding successive successive successive successive successive generations have to pay. I think that it would undoubtedly would undoubtedly would undoubtedly would would would would would be better than this better than this better than this better than this better than this better than this better than this better than this for the students, or those who desire to be benefited by it, even even even even even even even even to lay the foundation themselves. The student who secures his coveted leisure & retirement by systematically shirking any labor necessary to man kind obtains but an ignoble and unprofitable leisure & defrauding himself of the experience which alone can make that leisure fruitful. The student who secures his coveted leisure and retirement by systematically shirking any labor necessary to man obtains but an ignoble and unprofitable leisure, defrauding himself of the experience which alone can make leisure fruitful. The student who secures his coveted leisure and retirement by systematically shirking any labor necessary to man obtains but an ignoble and unprofitable leisure, defrauding himself of the experience which alone can make leisure fruitful. The student who secures his coveted leisure and retirement by systematically shirking any labor necessary to man obtains but an ignoble and unprofitable leisure, defrauding himself of the experience which alone can make leisure fruitful. The student who secures his coveted leisure and retirement by systematically shirking any labor necessary to man obtains but an ignoble and unprofitable leisure, defrauding himself of the experience which alone can make leisure fruitful. The student who secures his coveted leisure and retirement by systematically shirking any labor necessary to man obtains but an ignoble and unprofitable leisure, defrauding himself of the experience which alone can make leisure fruitful. The student who secures his coveted leisure and retirement by systematically shirking any labor necessary to man obtains but an ignoble and unprofitable leisure, defrauding himself of the experience which alone can make leisure fruitful. But, But, But asks one, “But,” says one, “But,” says one, “But,” says one, “But,” says one, “But,” says one, you you you "you "you "you "you "you do not mean that the students should go to work with their hands instead of their do not mean that the students should go to work with their hands instead of their do not mean that the students should go to work with their hands instead of their do not mean that the students should go to work with their hands instead of their do not mean that the students should go to work with their hands instead of their do not mean that the students should go to work with their hands instead of their do not mean that the students should go to work with their hands instead of their do not mean that the students should go to work with their hands instead of their heads do you? No— heads, do you?—No, heads, do you? heads?" heads?" heads?" heads?" heads?" I do not mean that exactly, but I mean something which I do not mean that exactly, but I mean something which I do not mean that exactly, but I mean something which I do not mean that exactly, but I mean something which I do not mean that exactly, but I mean something which I do not mean that exactly, but I mean something which I do not mean that exactly, but I mean something which I do not mean that exactly, but I mean something which you you you he he he he he might think a good deal like that; I mean that might think a good deal like that; I mean that might think a good deal like that; I mean that might think a good deal like that; I mean that might think a good deal like that; I mean that might think a good deal like that; I mean that might think a good deal like that; I mean that might think a good deal like that; I mean that they should work with their hands as well as or rather than with their heads. the students should work with their hands as well as with their heads at least they should not play life or study it merely while the community supports them at this expensive game but earnestly live it from beginning to end. they should not play life, or study it merely, while the community supports them at this expensive game, but earnestly live it from beginning to end. they should not play life, or study it merely, while the community supports them at this expensive game, but earnestly live it from beginning to end. they should not play life, or study it merely, while the community supports them at this expensive game, but earnestly live it from beginning to end. they should not play life, or study it merely, while the community supports them at this expensive game, but earnestly live it from beginning to end. they should not play life, or study it merely, while the community supports them at this expensive game, but earnestly live it from beginning to end. they should not play life, or study it merely, while the community supports them at this expensive game, but earnestly live it from beginning to end. How will you better learn to live than by trying the experiment of living a little. How could youths better learn to live than by at once trying the experiment of living? Methinks this would exercise their minds sufficiently as much as mathematics. How could youths better learn to live than by at once trying the experiment of living? Methinks this would exercise their minds as much as mathematics. How could youths better learn to live than by at once trying the experiment of living? Methinks this would exercise their minds as much as mathematics. How could youths better learn to live than by at once trying the experiment of living? Methinks this would exercise their minds as much as mathematics. How could youths better learn to live than by at once trying the experiment of living? Methinks this would exercise their minds as much as mathematics. How could youths better learn to live than by at once trying the experiment of living? Methinks this would exercise their minds as much as mathematics. 72b
Economy 72b written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
If I wished a boy to know something about the arts and sciences, for instance, for instance, for instance, for instance, for instance, I should would would would would would not pursue the common course, which is merely merely merely merely merely to send him into the neighborhood of some professor, where any thing is professed and practised but the art of human life; life; life; life; life; —to survey the world through a telescope or a microscope, and never with his natural eye; to study chemistry, and not know learn learn learn learn learn how his bread is made, or mechanics, and not know learn learn learn learn learn how it is earned; to discover new satellites to Neptune, and not detect the motes in his eyes, or to what vagabond he is a satellite himself; or or to what vagabond he is a satellite himself; or or to what vagabond he is a satellite himself; or or to what vagabond he is a satellite himself; or to be devoured by the monsters that swarm all around him, while contemplating the monsters in a drop of vinegar. Which would be the wisest have advanced the most have advanced the most have advanced the most have advanced the most at the end of a month,—the boy who had made his own jackknife from the ore which he had dug and smelted, reading as much as would be necessary for that purpose, reading as much as would be necessary for this, reading as much as would be necessary for this, reading as much as would be necessary for this, reading as much as would be necessary for this, —or the boy who had attended the lectures on metallurgy at the Institute in the mean while, and had received a Rodgers’ knife penknife penknife penknife penknife from his father? Which would be most likely to cut his fingers? Methinks the former would have something to tell the professor. How much more aid might the agricultural chemist afford to the farmer, if he were to some extent an agriculturalist himself? Of what avail, if the man of science merely shows you how to do a thing, which he cannot do, he says for want of leisure and you cannot understand perhaps for the same reason. Forsooth, to him it is so easy—and to you it is so hard, that it is not worth the while for either to try; and so the gifts of the gods are spilled between you! I remembered n
Note: continued on a missing leaf (R. Clapper)
fingers? fingers? fingers? fingers?
—To my astonishment I was informed on leaving college that I had studied navigation! why, if I had taken one turn down the harbor I should have known more about it. Even the poor student studies and is taught only political economy, while that economy of living which is synonymous with philosophy is not even sincerely professed in our colleges. The consequence is, that while he is reading Adam Smith, Ricardo, and Say, he runs his father in debt irretrievably. why, if I had taken one turn down the harbor I should have known more about it. Even the poor student studies and is taught only political economy, while that economy of living which is synonymous with philosophy is not even sincerely professed in our colleges. The consequence is, that while he is reading Adam Smith, Ricardo, and Say, he runs his father in debt irretrievably. why, if I had taken one turn down the harbor I should have known more about it. Even the poor student studies and is taught only political economy, while that economy of living which is synonymous with philosophy is not even sincerely professed in our colleges. The consequence is, that while he is reading Adam Smith, Ricardo, and Say, he runs his father in debt irretrievably. why, if I had taken one turn down the harbor I should have known more about it. Even the poor student studies and is taught only political economy, while that economy of living which is synonymous with philosophy is not even sincerely professed in our colleges. The consequence is, that while he is reading Adam Smith, Ricardo, and Say, he runs his father in debt irretrievably.
73a
Economy 73a written: A rewritten: B, C, D

(Ronald Clapper)
And, And, And, As with our colleges, As with our colleges, As with our colleges, As with our colleges, As with our colleges, so with a hundred “modern improvements”; there is an illusion about them; there is no positive advance. no positive advance. no positive advance. clear and absolute advancement. not always a positive advance. not always a positive advance. not always a positive advance. not always a positive advance. not always a positive advance. The devil goes on exacting compound interest to the last for his early interest share share share share share share share share and numerous succeeding succeeding succeeding succeeding succeeding succeeding succeeding investments in them. If we’re to get rid at once of all those things which our better sense tells us to be shams, how many other customs which are now beyond suspicion would go with them? them. If we’re to get rid at once of all those things which our better sense tells us to be shams, how many other customs which are now beyond suspicion would go with them? them. If we’re to get rid at once of all those things which our better sense tells us to be shams, how many other customs which are now beyond suspicion would go with them? them. them. them. them. them. Our inventions are wont to be pretty toys, which distract our attention from serious things. Our inventions are wont to be commonly pretty toys which distract our attention from serious things Our inventions are wont to be pretty toys, which distract our attention from serious things. Our inventions are wont to be pretty toys, which distract our attention from serious things. Our inventions are wont to be pretty toys, which distract our attention from serious things. Our inventions are wont to be pretty toys, which distract our attention from serious things. Our inventions are wont to be pretty toys, which distract our attention from serious things. They are but improved means to an unimproved end. They are but improved means to an unimproved end, an end which it was already too easy to arrive at; as railroads lead to Boston or New York. They are but improved means to an unimproved end, an end which it was already too easy to arrive at; as railroads lead to Boston or New York. They are but improved means to an unimproved end, an end which it was already too easy to arrive at; as railroads lead to Boston or New York. They are but improved means to an unimproved end, an end which it was already too easy to arrive at; as railroads lead to Boston or New York. They are but improved means to an unimproved end, an end which it was already too easy to arrive at; as railroads lead to Boston or New York. Men Men We We We We We We We are in great haste to construct a magnetic telegraph from Maine to Louisiana—but Maine and Louisiana have nothing to communicate. I don’t remember anything that Louisiana ever said. She Louisiana—but Maine and Louisiana have nothing important to communicate. I don’t remember anything that Louisiana ever said or Maine. She Either Louisiana Texas but Maine & Louisiana Texas it may be have nothing important to communicate. Either Texas; but Maine and Texas, it may be, have nothing important to communicate. Either Texas; but Maine and Texas, it may be, have nothing important to communicate. Either Texas; but Maine and Texas, it may be, have nothing important to communicate. Either Texas; but Maine and Texas, it may be, have nothing important to communicate. Either Texas; but Maine and Texas, it may be, have nothing important to communicate. Either is in such a predicament as the gentleman gentleman man man man man man man man who was earnest to be introduced to a distinguished deaf woman, but when he was presented, and one end of the ear trumpet one end of her ear trumpet one end of her ear trumpet was one end of her ear trumpet was one end of her ear trumpet was one end of her ear trumpet was one end of her ear trumpet was one end of her ear trumpet was put into his hand, had nothing to say. As if the main object were to talk fast and not to talk sensibly. As if the main object were to talk fast and not to talk sensibly. As if the main object were to talk fast and not to talk sensibly. As if the main object were to talk fast and not to talk sensibly. As if the main object were to talk fast and not to talk sensibly. As if the main object were to talk fast and not to talk sensibly. Men are mad Men We are mad We are mad eager We are eager We are eager We are eager We are eager We are eager to tunnel under the Atlantic and bring the old world some weeks nearer to the new; but perchance the first news that will leak through into the broad, flapping American ear will be that the Princess Adelaide has the whooping cough. 73b
Economy 73b written: C rewritten: C
C: Economy 73b was added to the manuscript following Economy 75b on a leaf from B that had been taken into C and was later inserted in its present position on the leaf containing Economy 73a and 74.

(Ronald Clapper)
After all, the man whose horse trots a mile in a minute who rides the fastest trotting horse whose horse trots a mile in a minute whose horse trots a mile in a minute whose horse trots a mile in a minute whose horse trots a mile in a minute whose horse trots a mile in a minute does not carry the most important messages; he is not r
Revision note: C1: one of the evangelists. The jockey does not an evangelist: nor does he
one of the evangelists nor does he
an evangelist, nor does he an evangelist, nor does he an evangelist, nor does he an evangelist, nor does he an evangelist, nor does he
come round eating locusts and wild honey. I doubt if the famous horse Flying Flying Flying Flying Flying Flying Childers ever carried a peck of corn to mill. Certain rights were practised by the Smrities (a sect among the Hindoos) at the digging of wells. The pond was my well ready dug—therefore I had no occasion to practice my rights of this sort. When the Gods have a message which they are in haste to communicate to mankind they won’t send it by the express train nor over the telegraph wire mill. mill. mill. mill. mill.
74
Economy 74 written: A rewritten: B, C
C: A fair copy was made of only One says to me … and see the country.

(Ronald Clapper)
One says to me, “I wonder that you do not lay up money; you love to travel; you might take the cars and go to Fitchburg to-day and see the country.” But I am wiser than that. I have learned that the swiftest traveller is he that goes afoot. I say to my friend, Suppose we try who will get there first. first. first. first. first. first. first. The distance is thirty miles; The distance is thirty miles; The distance is thirty miles; The distance is thirty miles; The distance is thirty miles; The distance is thirty miles; The distance is thirty miles; The distance is thirty miles; the fare is a dollar 70 cents which is less than on most roads. 70 cents—less than on most roads—Yet ninety cents. ninety cents. ninety cents. ninety cents. ninety cents. ninety cents. That is almost almost almost almost almost almost almost almost a day’s wages. I have known wages to be 60 cents a day for laborers on that very road. Well, I have known wages to be remember when wages were 60 cents a day for laborers on this very road. Well, I remember when wages were sixty cents a day for laborers on this very road. Well, I remember when wages were sixty cents a day for laborers on this very road. Well, I remember when wages were sixty cents a day for laborers on this very road. Well, I remember when wages were sixty cents a day for laborers on this very road. Well, I remember when wages were sixty cents a day for laborers on this very road. Well, I remember when wages were sixty cents a day for laborers on this very road. Well, I start now on foot, and get there before night; I have travelled at that rate by the week together. I have travelled at that rate by the week together. I have travelled at that rate by the week together. I have travelled at that rate by the week together. I have travelled at that rate by the week together. I have travelled at that rate by the week together. I have travelled at that rate by the week together. I have travelled at that rate by the week together. You will in the mean while have earned your fare dollar fare and get arrive fare, and arrive fare, and arrive fare, and arrive fare, and arrive fare, and arrive fare, and arrive fare, and arrive there some time to-morrow, or possibly this evening, that is if you are lucky enough to find a job in season. or possibly this evening, if you are lucky enough to get a job in season. or possibly this evening, if you are lucky enough to get a job in season. or possibly this evening, if you are lucky enough to get a job in season. or possibly this evening, if you are lucky enough to get a job in season. or possibly this evening, if you are lucky enough to get a job in season. or possibly this evening, if you are lucky enough to get a job in season. or possibly this evening, if you are lucky enough to get a job in season. Instead of going to Fitchburg, you will be working here the greater part of the day. Instead of going to Fitchburg, you will be working here the greater part of the day. Instead of going to Fitchburg, you will be working here the greater part of the day. Instead of going to Fitchburg, you will be working here the greater part of the day. Instead of going to Fitchburg, you will be working here the greater part of the day. Instead of going to Fitchburg, you will be working here the greater part of the day. Instead of going to Fitchburg, you will be working here the greater part of the day. And so, if the railroad reached round the world, I think that I should keep ahead of you; and as for seeing the country and getting experience I think I of that kind I of that kind, I of that kind, I of that kind, I of that kind, I of that kind, I of that kind, I should have to cut your acquaintance altogether.
75a
Economy 75a written: C rewritten: E

(Ronald Clapper)
Such is the universal law, which no man can ever outwit, and even with regard to the railroad even with regard to the railroad even with regard to the railroad even with regard to the railroad even with regard to the railroad even with regard to the railroad even we may say it is as broad as it is long. if you want to make a railroad round the world for mankind you must grade the whole surface. To make a railroad round the world available to all mankind is equivalent to grading the whole surface of the planet. To make a railroad round the world available to all mankind is equivalent to grading the whole surface of the planet. To make a railroad round the world available to all mankind is equivalent to grading the whole surface of the planet. To make a railroad round the world available to all mankind is equivalent to grading the whole surface of the planet. To make a railroad round the world available to all mankind is equivalent to grading the whole surface of the planet. Men have an indistinct notion that if they keep up this activity of joint stocks and spades long enough all will at length ride nowhere, somewhere, somewhere, somewhere, somewhere, somewhere, somewhere, in next to no time, and for nothing; Every day it happens that when the bell rings mankind a crowd rushes to the station house depot, the conductor shouts “all aboard,” Whiz tiz siz burz & the cars are off. But when the smoke blows away & the vapor condenses, it is perceived that a few are riding, but the rest are run over—& it is called and is a melancholy accident. Every day it happens that when the bell rings mankind a crowd rushes to the station house depot, the conductor shouts “all aboard,” Whiz tiz siz burz & the cars are off. But when the smoke blows away & the vapor condenses, it is perceived that a few are riding, but the rest are run over—& it is called and is a melancholy accident. Every day it happens that when the bell rings but though a crowd rushes to the depot, & the conductor shouts “all aboard,” Whiz-tiz-siz-burz, and the cars are off. But when the smoke blows away and the vapor condenses it is will be perceived that a few are riding, but the rest are run over; and it is will be called, and is will be, “a melancholy accident.” but though a crowd rushes to the depot, and the conductor shouts “All aboard!” when the smoke is blown away and the vapor condensed, it will be perceived that a few are riding, but the rest are run over,— and it will be called, and will be, “A melancholy accident.” but though a crowd rushes to the depot, and the conductor shouts “All aboard!” when the smoke is blown away and the vapor condensed, it will be perceived that a few are riding, but the rest are run over,— and it will be called, and will be, “A melancholy accident.” but though a crowd rushes to the depot, and the conductor shouts “All aboard!” when the smoke is blown away and the vapor condensed, it will be perceived that a few are riding, but the rest are run over,— and it will be called, and will be, “A melancholy accident.” No doubt they will can can can can can can ride at last who shall have earned their fare, that is if they survive, that is, if they survive so long, that is, if they survive so long, that is, if they survive so long, but they will probably have lost their elasticity and desire to travel by that time. This spending of the best part of one’s life earning money in order to enjoy a questionable liberty during the least valuable part of it, of it, of it, of it, reminds me of the Englishman who went to India to make a fortune first, in order that he might return to England and live the life of a poet. He should have gone up garret at once. 75b
Economy 75b written: C rewritten: E
C: Economy 75b was added to the manuscript following 74 and preceding 76a on a leaf from B that had been taken into C.

(Ronald Clapper)
But But But “What!” “What!” “What!” exclaim a million Irishmen starting up from all the shanties in the land, spade in hand, land, spade in hand, land, spade in hand, land, land, land, “is not this railroad which we have built a good thing?” Yes, I answer, comparatively good, that is, you might have done worse; that is, you might have done worse; that is, you might have done worse; that is, you might have done worse; that is, you might have done worse; but I wish, as you are brothers of mine, as you are brothers of mine, as you are brothers of mine, as you are brothers of mine, as you are brothers of mine, as you are brothers of mine, that you could have spent your time better than digging in this dirt.
76a
Economy 76a written: A rewritten: A, B, E

(Ronald Clapper)
Before I finished my house, r
Revision note: A1:
wishing to earn 10 or 12 dollars during the season, by some simple honest & agreeable method, in order to meet my unusual expenses, wishing to earn ten or twelve dollars by some honest and agreeable method, in order to meet my unusual expenses, wishing to earn ten or twelve dollars by some honest and agreeable method, in order to meet my unusual expenses, wishing to earn ten or twelve dollars by some honest and agreeable method, in order to meet my unusual expenses, wishing to earn ten or twelve dollars by some honest and agreeable method, in order to meet my unusual expenses, wishing to earn ten or twelve dollars by some honest and agreeable method, in order to meet my unusual expenses, wishing to earn ten or twelve dollars by some honest and agreeable method, in order to meet my unusual expenses,
I planted about two acres and a half of light and sandy soil near it chiefly with beans, r
Revision note: A1: though I had a small patch of potatoes and corn, and a few turnips beside.
though I had a small patch of potatoes and corn, and a few turnips beside.
though I had a small patch of but also a small part with potatoes and a little corn, peas and a few turnips beside. but also a small part with potatoes, corn, peas, and turnips. but also a small part with potatoes, corn, peas, and turnips. but also a small part with potatoes, corn, peas, and turnips. but also a small part with potatoes, corn, peas, and turnips. but also a small part with potatoes, corn, peas, and turnips. but also a small part with potatoes, corn, peas, and turnips.
The whole lot contains eleven acres, mostly growing up to pines and hickories, and was sold the preceding season for eight dollars and eight cents an acre. One farmer said that that that that that that that it was “good for nothing but to raise cheeping squirrels on.” r
Revision note: A1: Upon this land I put no manure nor any quickener whatever,
Upon this land I put no manure nor any quickener whatever,
Upon this land I put no manure whatever on this land, I put no manure on this land, I put no manure on this land, I put no manure on this land, I put no manure on this land, I put no manure on this land, I put no manure on this land,
not being the owner, nor but merely a squatter and not but merely a squatter, and not but merely a squatter, and not but merely a squatter, and not but merely a squatter, and not but merely a squatter, and not but merely a squatter, and not but merely a squatter, and not expecting to cultivate so much again, and I and I and I and I and I and I and I and I did not quite hoe it all once. I know that you have no room for beans to grow in Salem but even you may like to know where they come from once. I know that you have no room for beans to grow in Portland but even you may like to know where they come from. once. once. once. once. once. once. I got out several cords of stumps in ploughing, which supplied me with fuel for a long time, and left small rings rings circles circles circles circles circles circles circles of virgin mould, easily distinguished distinguished distinguishable distinguishable distinguishable distinguishable distinguishable distinguishable distinguishable through the summer by the greater luxuriance of the beans there. The dead and for the most part unmerchantable wood behind my house, and the driftwood from the pond, The dead and for the most part unmerchantable wood behind my house, and the driftwood from the pond, The dead and for the most part unmerchantable wood behind my house, and the driftwood from the pond, The dead and for the most part unmerchantable wood behind my house, and the driftwood from the pond, The dead and for the most part unmerchantable wood behind my house, and the driftwood from the pond, The dead and for the most part unmerchantable wood behind my house, and the driftwood from the pond, The dead and for the most part unmerchantable wood behind my house, and the driftwood from the pond, The dead and for the most part unmerchantable wood behind my house, and the driftwood from the pond, have supplied had supplied supplied been have supplied have supplied have supplied have supplied have supplied have supplied the remainder of my fuel. the remainder of my fuel. the remainder of my fuel. the remainder of my fuel. the remainder of my fuel. the remainder of my fuel. the remainder of my fuel. the remainder of my fuel. I had to had was obliged to was obliged to was obliged to was obliged to was obliged to was obliged to was obliged to hire a team and a man for the ploughing, though I held the plough for the most part myself. for the most part myself. myself. myself. myself. myself. myself. myself. My farm outgoes for the first season for the first season for the first season for the first season for the first season for the first season for the first season were, for implements, seed, work, &c, $14 72½. for implements, seed, work, &c, $14 72½. for implements, seed, work, &c, $14 72½. for implements, seed, work, &c, $14 72½. 76b
Economy 76b written: C
C: Economy 76b was added to the manuscript on a leaf from B that had been taken into C.

(Ronald Clapper)
The seed corn was given me. This never costs any thing to speak of, unless you plant more than enough. 76c
Economy 76c written: A rewritten: B, E
A, B, & E: Bean-Field 13 follows Economy 76c.

(Ronald Clapper)
I got twelve bushels of beans, and eighteen bushels of potatoes, beside some peas and green green sweet sweet sweet sweet sweet sweet sweet corn. The yellow corn and turnips were too late to come to any thing. My whole income from the farm was as follows was was was was was was was 76d
Economy 76d written: A rewritten: C
A: the amount on hand much more than balancing … any farmer in Concord did that year does not appear in the manuscript.
C: A fair copy of Economy 76d was begun on a leaf from B that had been taken into C and was continued on a new leaf in C.

(Ronald Clapper)
net profit, not counting my labor 8.71½.
$23 44.
Deducting the outgoes, 14 72½
there are left, $ 8 71½,
$23 44.
Deducting the outgoes, 14 72½
there are left, $ 8 71½,
$23 44.
Deducting the outgoes, 14 72½
there are left, $ 8 71½,
$23 44.
Deducting the outgoes, 14 72½
there are left, $ 8 71½,
$23 44.
Deducting the outgoes, 14 72½
there are left, $ 8 71½,
$23 44.
Deducting the outgoes, 14 72½
there are left, $ 8 71½,
$23 44.
Deducting the outgoes, 14 72½
there are left, $ 8 71½,
beside produce consumed and on hand at the time this estimate was made to the amount of of the value of the value of the value of the value of the value of the value of the value of $4 50,— which added to the last, makes the whole profit 13.21½ And The produce on hand will much more balance the grass which I did not raise the amount on hand much more than balancing the grass which I did not raise. which added to the last, makes the whole profit 13.21½ And The produce on hand will much more balance the grass which I did not raise the amount on hand much more than balancing the grass which I did not raise. which added to the last, makes the whole profit 13.21½ And The produce on hand will much more balance the grass which I did not raise the amount on hand much more than balancing the grass which I did not raise. the amount on hand much more than balancing a little grass which I did not raise. the amount on hand much more than balancing a little grass which I did not raise. the amount on hand much more than balancing a little grass which I did not raise. the amount on hand much more than balancing a little grass which I did not raise. the amount on hand much more than balancing a little grass which I did not raise. All things considered, that is, considering the importance of a man’s soul and of to-day, notwithstanding the short time contemplated occupied contemplated occupied contemplated occupied occupied occupied occupied occupied occupied by my experiment, nay, partly even because of its transient character, I believe that that was doing better than any farmer in Concord did that year.
77
Economy 77 written: C

(Ronald Clapper)
The next year I did better still, for I spaded up all the land which I required, or about about about about about about a third of an acre, and I learned from the experience of both years, not being in the least detained awed awed awed awed awed awed by many celebrated works on husbandry, Arthur Young among the rest, Arthur Young among the rest, Arthur Young among the rest, Arthur Young among the rest, Arthur Young among the rest, that if one would live simply and eat only the crop which he raised, and raise no more than he ate, and not exchange it for an insufficient quantity of more luxurious and expensive things, he would need to cultivate only a few rods of ground, and that it would be cheaper to spade up that than to use oxen to plough it, and to select a fresh spot from time to time from time to time from time to time from time to time from time to time from time to time than to manure the old, and he could do all his necessary farm work as it were with his left hand at odd hours in the summer; and thus he would not be tied to a cow’s or pig’s or horse’s tail a cow or pig or horse, an ox, or horse, or cow, or pig, an ox, or horse, or cow, or pig, an ox, or horse, or cow, or pig, an ox, or horse, or cow, or pig, an ox, or horse, or cow, or pig, as at present. I desire to speak impartially on this point, and as one not interested in the success or failure of the present economical and social arrangements. I desire to speak impartially on this point, and as one not interested in the success or failure of the present economical and social arrangements. I desire to speak impartially on this point, and as one not interested in the success or failure of the present economical and social arrangements. I desire to speak impartially on this point, and as one not interested in the success or failure of the present economical and social arrangements. I desire to speak impartially on this point, and as one not interested in the success or failure of the present economical and social arrangements. I desire to speak impartially on this point, and as one not interested in the success or failure of the present economical and social arrangements. I was more independent than any farmer in Concord, for I was not anchored to a house or farm, but I could could could could could could follow the bent of my genius, which is a very crooked one, which is a very crooked one, which is a very crooked one, which is a very crooked one, which is a very crooked one, which is a very crooked one, every moment. Beside that I was being being being being being being better off than they already, if my house had been burned or my crops had failed, I should have been nearly as well off as before.
78a
Economy 78a written: C

(Ronald Clapper)
Perhaps Men I am wont to think that men I am wont to think that men I am wont to think that men I am wont to think that men I am wont to think that men are not so much the keepers of herds as herds are the keepers of men, the former are so much the freer. Men and oxen exchange work; but if we consider necessary work only, the oxen will be seen to have greatly the advantage, their farm is so much the largest. larger. larger. larger. larger. larger. Man does some of his part of the exchange work in his six weeks of haying, and it is no boy’s play. Man does some of his part of the exchange work in his six weeks of haying, and it is no boy’s play. Man does some of his part of the exchange work in his six weeks of haying, and it is no boy’s play. Man does some of his part of the exchange work in his six weeks of haying, and it is no boy’s play. Man does some of his part of the exchange work in his six weeks of haying, and it is no boy’s play. Certainly Certainly Certainly Certainly Certainly Certainly no nation that lived simply in all respects, in all respects, in all respects, in all respects, in all respects, in all respects, that is, no nation of philosophers, would commit so great a blunder as to use the labor of animals. 78b
Economy 78b written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
But True, True, True, True, True, there never was and is not likely soon to be a nation of philosophers, nor am I certain that certain certain certain certain it is desirable that there should be. However, I should never have broken a horse or bull or bull or bull or bull and taken him to board for any work he might do for me, for fear I should become a horse-man or a herds-man merely; for fear I should become a horse-man or a herds-man merely; for fear I should become a horse-man or a herds-man merely; for fear I should become a horse-man or a herds-man merely; and if society seems to be the gainer by so doing, are we certain that what is one man’s gain is not another’s loss, and that the stable-boy has equal cause to be satisfied with his master?to be satisfied? with his master to be satisfied? with his master to be satisfied? with his master to be satisfied? with his master to be satisfied? Granted that some public works could would would would would would not have been constructed without this aid, and let man share the glory of such with the ox and horse; does it follow that he could not have accomplished works yet more worthy of himself in that case without them? in that case? in that case? in that case? in that case? 78c
Economy 78c written: C rewritten: D

(Ronald Clapper)
When men begin to do, unnecessary & luxurious work with this aid, it is indispensable that a few should unnecessary & luxurious work with this aid, it is indispensable that a few should not merely unnecessary or artistic but luxurious & idle work with their assistance, it is inevitable that a few not merely unnecessary or artistic, but luxurious and idle work, with their assistance, it is inevitable that a few not merely unnecessary or artistic, but luxurious and idle work, with their assistance, it is inevitable that a few not merely unnecessary or artistic, but luxurious and idle work, with their assistance, it is inevitable that a few not merely unnecessary or artistic, but luxurious and idle work, with their assistance, it is inevitable that a few do all the exchange work with the oxen, or, in other words, become the slaves of the strongest. Man not only works for the animal within him, but, for a symbol of this kind of labor he works for the animal without him. Man thus not only works for the animal within him, but for a symbol of this he works for the animal without him.Absolutely speaking that is not a high civilization which permits only one artist to a hundred thousand artisans. Nor can he be an artist of a very high order who uses men as beasts. From a very common point of view, the so called great works of the world—the Pyramids & Parthenons—of which I think we have heard enough for the present—the St. Peters & St. Paulses—the Thames tunnels & the tubular bridges, the Roman roads & the American railroads affect me proportionally in their degree like those ancient Mexican Peruvian temples & roads—in which men were used like beasts. They all are barbaric and so far as I am concerned xxxx them all. Whither does a road lead that goes over a man at the commencement outset. Man thus not only works for the animal within him, but, for a symbol of this, he works for the animal without him. Man thus not only works for the animal within him, but, for a symbol of this, he works for the animal without him. Man thus not only works for the animal within him, but, for a symbol of this, he works for the animal without him. Man thus not only works for the animal within him, but, for a symbol of this, he works for the animal without him. 78d
Economy 78d written: G rewritten: G
G1 & G2: Though we have many … overshadows the house and This town is said to have … in its public buildings are transposed.

(Ronald Clapper)
r
Revision note: G1: Generally, indeed,
Though If we have many substantial houses of brick or stone,
Though we have many substantial houses of brick or stone,
the prosperity of the farmer is still measured by the degree to which the barn overshadows the house. Our barns are better ventilated, and generally commonly of a style of architecture superior to that of our houses. house. Concord This town is said to have the largest r
Revision note: G1: barns, or houses
barns houses
houses
for oxen cows and horses in Middlesex County, hereabouts, r
Revision note: G1:
we are it is not behindhand in its public buildings;
and it is not behindhand in its public buildings;
Yet but there are very few halls for free worship or free speech in this county. Very common is the love of oxen and horses, and gentlemen farmers are ambitious to raise calves rather than men county. 78e
Economy 78e written: D
D: As for the Pyramids … the hole which he made is interlined in pencil.

(Ronald Clapper)
It should not be by their architecture, but why not even by their power of abstract thought, that nations should seek to commemorate themselves? How much more admirable the Bhagvat-Geeta than all the ruins of the East! Towers and temples are the luxury of princes. A simple and independent mind does not toil at the bidding of any prince. Genius is not a retainer to any emperor, nor is its material silver, or gold, or marble, except to a trifling extent. to more than except to a trifling extent. except to a trifling extent. except to a trifling extent. except to a trifling extent. except to a trifling extent. To what end, pray, is so much stone hammered? In Arcadia, when I was there, I did not see any hammering stone. In Arcadia, when I was there, I did not see any hammering stone. In Arcadia, when I was there, I did not see any hammering stone. In Arcadia, when I was there, I did not see any hammering stone. In Arcadia, when I was there, I did not see any hammering stone. As if nations were formed Nations are possessed Nations are possessed Nations are possessed Nations are possessed with an insane ambition to perpetuate the memory of themselves by the amount of hammered stone they leave. What if equal pains were taken to smooth and polish their manners? One piece of good sense would be more memorable than a monument as high as the moon. I love better to see stones in place. The grandeur of Thebes was a vulgar grandeur. More sensible is a rod of stone wall that bounds an honest man’s field than a hundred-gated Thebes that has wandered farther from the true end of life. The religion and civilization which are barbaric and heathenish build splendid temples; but what you may might might might might might call Christianity does not. All Most of Most of Most of Most of Most of the stone a nation hammers goes toward its tomb only. It buries itself alive. As for the Pyramids, I see there is there is there is there is there is nothing to wonder at in them so much as the fact that so many men could be found degraded as enough enough enough enough enough to spend their lives constructing a tomb for some ambitious booby, whom it would have been wiser and manlier to have drowned in the Nile, and then given his body to the dogs. I might possibly invent some excuse for them and for him, him, him, him, him, but I have no time for it. As for the religion and love of art of the builders, it is much the same all the world over, whether the building be an Egyptian temple or the United States Bank. It costs more than it comes to. The mainspring is vanity, assisted by the love of garlic and bread and butter. Mr. Balcom, a promising young architect, designs it on the back of his Vitruvius, with hard pencil and ruler, and the job is let out to Dobson & Sons, stonecutters. When the thirty centuries begin to look down on it, mankind begin to look up at it. As for your high towers and monuments, there was a crazy fellow once in this town who undertook to dig through to China, and he got so far that, as he said, he heard the Chinese pots and kettles rattle; but I think that I shall not go out of my way to admire the hole which he made. Many are concerned about the monuments of the West and the East,—to know who built them. For my part, I should like to know who in those days did not build them,—who were above such trifling. Many are concerned about the monuments of the West and the East,—to know who built them. For my part, I should like to know who in those days did not build them,—who were above such trifling. Many are concerned about the monuments of the West and the East,—to know who built them. For my part, I should like to know who in those days did not build them,—who were above such trifling. Many are concerned about the monuments of the West and the East,—to know who built them. For my part, I should like to know who in those days did not build them,—who were above such trifling. 78f
Economy 78f written: C

(Ronald Clapper)
But to proceed with my statistics.
79
Economy 79 written: A rewritten: B, C, D
A: In food expenses, One watermelon and Salt are transposed. Present order interlined.
A & B: In food expenses, Pork is listed after Apples and before Dried apple. Present order interlined in pencil in B.
D: A fair copy was made of only By surveying, carpentry, and day-labor … on hand at the last date, was.

(Ronald Clapper)
By surveying, carpentry, and day-labor in the village in the village in the village of various kinds of various other kinds in the village of various other kinds of various other kinds in the village of various other kinds in the village of various other kinds in the village of various other kinds in the village in the mean while, for I have as many trades as fingers, for I have as many trades as fingers, for I have as many trades as fingers, for I have as many trades as fingers, I had earned $13 34. The expense of food for eight months, namely, excepting potatoes and a few peas which I had raised,—for 8 months, from July 4 to March 1 the time when this was written estimate was made, though I have lived there nearly more than 2 years—not counting excepting potatoes and a few little corn & peas which I had raised, for eight months, from July 4 to March 1, the time when all these estimates were made—though I have now lived there more than two years, not counting not counting potatoes, a little corn & some peas which I had raised, for eight months namely from July 4 to March 1, the time when these estimates were made, though I have now lived there more than two years, not counting potatoes, a little green corn & some peas which I had raised, nor considering from July 4th to March 1st, the time when these estimates were made, though I lived there more than two years,—not counting potatoes, a little green corn, and some peas, which I had raised, nor considering from July 4th to March 1st, the time when these estimates were made, though I lived there more than two years,—not counting potatoes, a little green corn, and some peas, which I had raised, nor considering from July 4th to March 1st, the time when these estimates were made, though I lived there more than two years,—not counting potatoes, a little green corn, and some peas, which I had raised, nor considering from July 4th to March 1st, the time when these estimates were made, though I lived there more than two years,—not counting potatoes, a little green corn, and some peas, which I had raised, nor considering from July 4th to March 1st, the time when these estimates were made, though I lived there more than two years,—not counting potatoes, a little green corn, and some peas, which I had raised, nor considering the value of what was on hand at the last date, wasAnd now we come to something which may offend readers of refined taste. But if I shall have the honor to attract any who abstain from the vulgar practices of eating drinking & sleeping, I warn them to skip this page not to look at that page of my journal which contains a complete list—such a list methinks as is nowhere described in history—of those articles of food which I consumed during that time date—was—and now I come to something which may offend n
Note: space left blank during original copying (R. Clapper)
persons of refined taste some tastes but if I n
Note: space left blank during original copying (R. Clapper)
have the honor to n
Note: space left blank during original copying (R. Clapper)
address any who abstain wholly from the vulgar practices of eating, drinking, and sleeping I warn them not to look at that page in my journal which contains an accurate list—such a list methinks as is nowhere in history—of the articles of food which I consumed during that time
date, was date, was date, was date, was date, was date, was
Rice, $1 73½
Molasses, 1 73 Cheapest form of the saccharine.
Rye meal, 1 04¾
Indian meal, 0 99¾ Cheaper than rye.
Pork, 0 22
Flour, 0 88 } Costs more than Indian meal, both money and trouble.*
Sugar, 0 80 *
Lard, 0 65 *
Apples, 0 25 *
Dried apple, 0 22 *
Sweet potatoes, 0 10 *
One pumpkin, 0 6 *
One watermelon 0 2 *
Salt, 0 3 *All experiments which failed.
80a
Economy 80a written: A rewritten: B, C, D

(Ronald Clapper)
Yes, I did eat $8 74, all told; 80b
Economy 80b written: C
C: Economy 80b is interlined.

(Ronald Clapper)
but but but but but but I should not thus unblushingly publish my guilt, if I did not know that most of my readers were had not reason to suppose that many others did not know that most of my readers are did not know that most of my readers were did not know that most of my readers were did not know that most of my readers were did not know that most of my readers were did not know that most of my readers were equally guilty with myself, and that their deeds would look no better in print. 80c
Economy 80c written: A rewritten: C
A: Economy 80c is interlined in pencil.

(Ronald Clapper)
The next year I sometimes caught a mess of fish for my dinner, and once I went so far as to slaughter even slaughtered went so far as to slaughter went so far as to slaughter went so far as to slaughter went so far as to slaughter went so far as to slaughter went so far as to slaughter went so far as to slaughter went so far as to slaughter a woodchuck which ravaged my bean-field,— effect his transmigration, as a Tartar would say, effect his transmigration, as a Tartar would say, effect his transmigration, as a Tartar would say, effect his transmigration, as a Tartar would say, effect his transmigration, as a Tartar would say, —and devour him, partly partly partly partly partly partly for experiment’s sake; but though it afforded me a momentary enjoyment, but though it afforded me a momentary enjoyment, but though it afforded me a momentary enjoyment, but though it afforded me a momentary enjoyment, but though it afforded me a momentary enjoyment, but though it afforded me a momentary enjoyment, but though it afforded me a momentary enjoyment, notwithstanding a musky flavor, it being an old one notwithstanding a musky flavor, notwithstanding a musky flavor, notwithstanding a musky flavor, notwithstanding a musky flavor, notwithstanding a musky flavor, I saw that the longest use would not make that a good practice, however it might seem to have your woodchucks ready dressed by the village butcher. however it might seem to have your woodchucks ready dressed by the village butcher. however it might seem to have your woodchucks ready dressed by the village butcher. however it might seem to have your woodchucks ready dressed by the village butcher. however it might seem to have your woodchucks ready dressed by the village butcher. however it might seem to have your woodchucks ready dressed by the village butcher. however it might seem to have your woodchucks ready dressed by the village butcher.
81
Economy 81 written: A rewritten: B, C
B: A fair copy was made of only Clothing and some incidental expenses … in all, $36 78.

(Ronald Clapper)
Clothing and some incidental expenses within the same dates, though little can be inferred from this item, though little can be inferred from this item, though little can be inferred from this item, though little can be inferred from this item, though little can be inferred from this item, though little can be inferred from this item, though little can be inferred from this item, amounted to
$8 40¾
Oil and some household utensils, 2 00
So that the whole all the all the all the all the all the all the all the pecuniary outgoes, excepting for washing and mending, which for the most part, as we say, part, as we say, part, as we say, part part part part part were done out of the house, and their bills have not yet yet yet yet yet yet yet yet been received,— for & these are all the ways by which money necessarily goes out in this part of the world, and these are all and more than all the ways by which money necessarily goes out in this part of the world, and these are all and more than all the ways by which money necessarily goes out in this part of the world, and these are all and more than all the ways by which money necessarily goes out in this part of the world, and these are all and more than all the ways by which money necessarily goes out in this part of the world, and these are all and more than all the ways by which money necessarily goes out in this part of the world,
House, $28 12½
Farm one year, one year, one year, one year, one year, one year, one year, 14 17½
Food eight months, eight months, eight months, eight months, eight months, eight months, eight months, 8 74
Clothing, &c., eight months, eight months, eight months, eight months, eight months, eight months, eight months, 8 40¾
Oil, &c., eight months 2 00
In all, $ 60.99¾ 60.99¾ 60.99¾ 61 99¾ 61 99¾ 61 99¾ 61 99¾ 61 99¾ 61 99¾
I am thus particular because possibly some of my hearers may have a living to get. I am thus particular because, possibly, some probably many of myn
Note: space left blank during original copying (R. Clapper)
readers may have a living to get
I am thus particular because the greater part no doubt many of my readers hearers have a living to get. I speak address myself now to those of my readers only who have their livings to get I address myself now to those of my readers who have a living to get. I address myself now to those of my readers who have a living to get. I address myself now to those of my readers who have a living to get. I address myself now to those of my readers who have a living to get. I address myself now to those of my readers who have a living to get.
And to meet this I have for farm produce sold
$ sold 23.44 on hand 4.50 27.94 27.94 27.94 23 44 23 44 23 44 23 44 23 44 23 44
Earned by day-labor, 13 34
In all, $ 41.28 41.28 41.28 36.78 36 78 36 78 36 78 36 78 36 78
which subtracted from the sum of the outgoes leaves a balance of $25 21¾ 19.71¾ 19.71¾ 20.71¾ 25.21¾ 25 21 ¾, 25 21 ¾, 25 21 ¾, 25 21 ¾, 25 21 ¾, on the one side,— and on the other, beside the leisure & independence & health thus secured, a comfortable house for me as long as I choose to occupy it,—the 19.71¾ cents being the exact capital means with which I started and measure of expenses to be incurred. and on the other, beside the leisure & independence & health thus secured, a comfortable house for me as long as I choose to occupy it,—the 19.71¾ cents being the exact capital means with which I started and measure of expenses to be incurred. and on the other, beside the leisure & independence & health thus secured, a comfortable house for me as long as I choose to occupy it.—The 20.71¾ cents being the exact this being very nearly the means with which I started, and the measure of expenses to be incurred and on the other, beside the leisure & independence & health thus secured, a comfortable house for me as long as I choose to occupy it. this being very nearly the means with which I started, and the measure of expenses to be incurred,—and on the other, beside the leisure and independence and health thus secured, a comfortable house for me as long as I choose to occupy it. this being very nearly the means with which I started, and the measure of expenses to be incurred,—and on the other, beside the leisure and independence and health thus secured, a comfortable house for me as long as I choose to occupy it. this being very nearly the means with which I started, and the measure of expenses to be incurred,—and on the other, beside the leisure and independence and health thus secured, a comfortable house for me as long as I choose to occupy it. this being very nearly the means with which I started, and the measure of expenses to be incurred,—and on the other, beside the leisure and independence and health thus secured, a comfortable house for me as long as I choose to occupy it. this being very nearly the means with which I started, and the measure of expenses to be incurred,—and on the other, beside the leisure and independence and health thus secured, a comfortable house for me as long as I choose to occupy it.
82
Economy 82 written: A rewritten: C, E
A & C: These statistics … rendered some account does not appear in the manuscript in A or in the original copying of C but is interlined in pencil in C.
E: A fair copy was made of only detriment to my domestic arrangements … statement like this.

(Ronald Clapper)
These I am confident that these These I am confident that these These I am confident that these These These These These These statistics, however accidental and therefore uninstructive they may appear, as they have a certain completeness, have a certain value also. Nothing was given me of which I have not rendered some an some some an some some an some some some some some some account. It appears from the above estimate, that my food alone cost me in money in money in money in money in money in money about twenty-seven cents a week. It consists at present of, consists at present of, was, after the experiments which I have mentioned—or for the last nearly two years was, for nearly two years after this, was, for nearly two years after this, was, for nearly two years after this, was, for nearly two years after this, was, for nearly two years after this, rye and Indian meal without yeast, potatoes, rice, a very little salt pork, molasses, and salt, and my drink water. It was fit that I should live on rice, mainly, who loved so well the philosophy of India. To meet the objections of some inveterate cavillers, I may as well state, that if I dined out occasionally, as I always had done, and I trust shall have opportunities to do again, it was frequently to the detriment of my domestic arrangements. But the dining out, being, as I have stated, a constant element, does not in the least affect a comparative statement like this. Some inveterate cavillers have loved to suggest that I took half my meals at my father’s house & elsewhere, but I solemnly here affirm that I did not dine out oftener than any tolerably social but equally domestic man might be expected to & when I did it was frequently to the detriment of my domestic arrangements. It was fit that I should live on rice, mainly, who loved so well the philosophy of India. To meet the objections of some inveterate cavillers, I may as well state, that if I dined out occasionally, as I always had done, and I trust shall have opportunities to do again, it was frequently to the detriment of my domestic arrangements. But the dining out, being, as I have stated, a constant element, does not in the least affect a comparative statement like this. Some inveterate cavillers have loved to suggest that I took half my meals at my father’s house & elsewhere, but I solemnly here affirm that I did not dine out oftener than any tolerably social but equally domestic man might be expected to & when I did it was frequently to the detriment of my domestic arrangements. Some inveterate cavillers have loved to suggest that I took half my meals at my father’s house & elsewhere, but I here affirm that I did not dine out oftener than any tolerably social but equally domestic man might be expected to, and when I did it was frequently to the detriment of my domestic arrangements To meet the objections of some inveterate cavillers I may as well state that if I dined out occasionally as I always had done, and I trust shall have opportunities to do again, it was frequently to the detriment of my domestic arrangements. But the dining out being as I have stated a constant element does not in the least affect a comparative statement like this. It was fit that I should live on rice, mainly, who loved so well the philosophy of India. To meet the objections of some inveterate cavillers, I may as well state, that if I dined out occasionally, as I always had done, and I trust shall have opportunities to do again, it was frequently to the detriment of my domestic arrangements. But the dining out, being, as I have stated, a constant element, does not in the least affect a comparative statement like this. It was fit that I should live on rice, mainly, who loved so well the philosophy of India. To meet the objections of some inveterate cavillers, I may as well state, that if I dined out occasionally, as I always had done, and I trust shall have opportunities to do again, it was frequently to the detriment of my domestic arrangements. But the dining out, being, as I have stated, a constant element, does not in the least affect a comparative statement like this. It was fit that I should live on rice, mainly, who loved so well the philosophy of India. To meet the objections of some inveterate cavillers, I may as well state, that if I dined out occasionally, as I always had done, and I trust shall have opportunities to do again, it was frequently to the detriment of my domestic arrangements. But the dining out, being, as I have stated, a constant element, does not in the least affect a comparative statement like this. It was fit that I should live on rice, mainly, who loved so well the philosophy of India. To meet the objections of some inveterate cavillers, I may as well state, that if I dined out occasionally, as I always had done, and I trust shall have opportunities to do again, it was frequently to the detriment of my domestic arrangements. But the dining out, being, as I have stated, a constant element, does not in the least affect a comparative statement like this. It was fit that I should live on rice, mainly, who loved so well the philosophy of India. To meet the objections of some inveterate cavillers, I may as well state, that if I dined out occasionally, as I always had done, and I trust shall have opportunities to do again, it was frequently to the detriment of my domestic arrangements. But the dining out, being, as I have stated, a constant element, does not in the least affect a comparative statement like this.
83a
Economy 83a written: B rewritten: C, E

(Ronald Clapper)
From my experiment during two years I discovered that it will cost man I learned from my two years’ experience that it would cost I learned from my two years’ experience that it would cost I learned from my two years’ experience that it would cost I learned from my two years’ experience that it would cost I learned from my two years’ experience that it would cost I learned from my two years’ experience that it would cost incredibly little trouble to obtain one’s necessary food, even in this zone. I am satisfied latitude; latitude; latitude; latitude; latitude; latitude; that a man may use as simple a diet as the animals, and yet retain his health his health health health health health health and strength. He does not require a variety of food more. strength. strength. strength. strength. strength. strength. 83b
Economy 83b written: E
E: Economy 83b is interlined.

(Ronald Clapper)
I have made a satisfactory dinner, satisfactory on several accounts, simply off a large dish dish dish dish of purslane ( Portulaca oleracea ) which I gathered in my cornfield, boiled and salted. I give the Latin on account of the savoriness of the trivial name. And pray what more can a reasonable man desire, in peaceful times, in ordinary noons, than a sufficient number of ears of green sweet-corn boiled, with the addition of salt? 83c
Economy 83c written: B rewritten: C, E
B: Economy 83c is interlined in pencil.

(Ronald Clapper)
Even the very little little little little little little little variety which I used was a yielding to the demands of appetite, and not of health. But so blind in respecting our true wants and difficulties that men Yet we men have come to such a pass that men they Yet men have come to such a pass that they Yet men have come to such a pass that they Yet men have come to such a pass that they Yet men have come to such a pass that they Yet men have come to such a pass that they frequently starve, not for want of necessaries, but for want of luxuries; 83d
Economy 83d written: A rewritten: B, C
A: Economy 83d is interlined.
A & B: Economy 83d follows Economy 11.

(Ronald Clapper)
I know a robust and hardy mother who thinks that her son who died abroad came to his end by living too low, as she has since learned that he drank only water. I heard of a very poor family in Concord this winter which would have starved if it had not been for potatoes—and tea and coffee. I know a robust and hardy mother who thinks that her son who died abroad came to his end by living too low, as she has since learned that he drank only water. I heard of a very poor family in Concord this winter which would have starved if it had not been for potatoes—and tea and coffee. I know a robust mother who thinks told me that she thought that her son who died abroad came to his end by living too low, as since she has heard that he drank only for a long time his only drink was water. and I know a good woman who thinks that her son lost his life because he took to drinking water only. and I know a good woman who thinks that her son lost his life because he took to drinking water only. and I know a good woman who thinks that her son lost his life because he took to drinking water only. and I know a good woman who thinks that her son lost his life because he took to drinking water only. and I know a good woman who thinks that her son lost his life because he took to drinking water only.
84
Economy 84 written: E

(Ronald Clapper)
The reader will perceive that I am treating the subject rather from an economic than a dietetic point of view, and he will not venture to put my abstemiousness to the test unless he has a well-stocked larder.
85a
Economy 85a written: A rewritten: B, C, E

(Ronald Clapper)
Bread I at first made of pure Indian meal and salt, genuine hoe-cakes, which I baked before my fire out of doors upon on on on on on on on a shingle or the end of a stick of timber sawed off in building my house; but it was apt wont wont wont wont wont wont wont wont to get smoked and to have a piny flavor. I tried flour also; but have at last found a mixture of rye and Indian meal most convenient and agreeable. In cold weather it was no small little little little little little little little amusement to bake several small loaves of this in succession, tending and turning them as carefully as an Egyptian his hatching eggs. They had to my senses a fragrance like manna—a real cereal fruit which I ripened It was They were a real cereal fruit which I ripened & They had to my senses a fragrance like the fruits They had to my senses a fragrance like manna—a real cereal fruit which I ripened It was They were a real cereal fruit which I ripened & They had to my senses a fragrance like the fruits They had to my senses a fragrance like manna—a real cereal fruit which I ripened It was They were a real cereal fruit which I ripened & They had to my senses a fragrance like the fruits They had to my senses a fragrance like manna—a real cereal fruit which I ripened It was They were a real cereal fruit which I ripened & They had to my senses a fragrance like the fruits They were a real cereal fruit which I ripened, and they had to my senses a fragrance like the that of other noble fruits They were a real cereal fruit which I ripened, and they had to my senses a fragrance like that of other noble fruits, They were a real cereal fruit which I ripened, and they had to my senses a fragrance like that of other noble fruits, They were a real cereal fruit which I ripened, and they had to my senses a fragrance like that of other noble fruits, which I kept in as long as possible by wrapping them in cloths. I made a study of the various processes of this indispensable and ancient the indispensable & ancient the ancient & indispensable the ancient and indispensable the ancient and indispensable the ancient and indispensable the ancient and indispensable the ancient and indispensable the ancient and indispensable the ancient and indispensable art of bread-making, consulting such authorities as offered, going back to the primitive days and first invention of the unleavened kind, when from the wildness of nuts and meats men first reached the innocence mildness and refinement as well as innocence of this diet, and coming reading gradually down mildness and refinement of this diet, and travelling gradually down in my studies mildness and refinement of this diet, and travelling gradually down in my studies mildness and refinement of this diet, and travelling gradually down in my studies mildness and refinement of this diet, and travelling gradually down in my studies mildness and refinement of this diet, and travelling gradually down in my studies mildness and refinement of this diet, and travelling gradually down in my studies mildness and refinement of this diet, and travelling gradually down in my studies through that accidental souring of the dough which, it is supposed, it is supposed, it is supposed, it is supposed, it is supposed, it is supposed, it is supposed, it is supposed, taught the leavening process, and through through through through through through through the various fermentations thereafter, till you come I came I came I came I came I came I came I came I came to “good, sweet, wholesome bread,” the staff of life. Leaven, which some deem the soul of bread, the spiritus which fills its cellular tissue, which is religiously preserved like the vestal fire, —some precious bottle-full, I presume suppose suppose, suppose, suppose, suppose, suppose, suppose, suppose, first brought over in the Mayflower, did the business for America, and its influence is still rising, swelling, spreading, in cerealian billows over the land,—this seed I regularly and faithfully procured from the village, till at length one morning I forgot the rules, and scalded my yeast; by which accident I discovered that even this was not indispensable,—for my discoveries were not by the synthetic but analytic process,—and I have gladly omitted it since, though most housewives earnestly assured me that safe and wholesome bread without yeast might not be, and elderly people prophesied a speedy period to decay of the vital functions forces. decay of the vital forces. decay of the vital forces. decay of the vital forces. decay of the vital forces. decay of the vital forces. decay of the vital forces. decay of the vital forces. Yet I find it not to be an essential ingredient, and after going without it for a year am still in the land of the living; and I am glad to escape the trivialness of carrying a bottle-full in my pocket, which would sometimes pop and discharge its contents to my discomfiture. It is simpler and more respectable to omit it. Man is an animal that who that who who who who who who who more than any other can adapt himself to all climates and circumstances. Neither did I put any sal soda, or acid or alkali into my bread. Neither did I put any sal soda, or acid or alkali into my bread. Neither did I put any sal soda, or acid or alkali into my bread. Neither did I put any sal soda, or acid or alkali into my bread. Neither did I put any sal soda, or acid or alkali into my bread. Neither did I put any sal soda, or acid or alkali into my bread. 85b
Economy 85b written: G

(Ronald Clapper)
It would seem that I made bread it it according to the recipe which Marcus Porcius Cato has given gave about two centuries before Christ. Marcus Porcius Cato gave about two centuries before Christ. “Panem depsticium sic facito. Manus mortariumque bene lavato. Farinam in mortarium indito, aquæ paulatim addito, subigitoque pulchre. Ubi bene subegeris, defingito, coquitoque sub testu.” Which I take to mean Which I take to mean —“Make kneaded bread thus. Wash your hands and trough well. Put the meal into the trough, add water little by little gradually, gradually, and knead it thoroughly. When you have kneaded it well, mould it, and bake it under a cover,” that is, in a baking-kettle. Not a word about leaven. But I did not always use this staff of life. At one time, owing to the emptiness of my purse, I saw none of it for more than a month.
86a
Economy 86a written: A rewritten: B, C

(Ronald Clapper)
Every New Englander might easily raise all his own own own own own own own own breadstuffs in this land of rye and Indian corn, and not depend upon upon on on on on on on on distant and fluctuating markets for them. Yet so far are we from simplicity and independence that, in this village, n
Note: space left blank during original copying (R. Clapper)
Concord,
Concord, Concord, Concord, Concord, Concord, Concord,
fresh and sweet meal is rarely sold in the shops even, shops even, shops, shops, shops, shops, shops, shops, and hominy and corn in a still coarser form are hardly used by any. For the most part For the most part For the most part For the most part For the most part For the most part For the most part For the most part the farmer gives to his cattle and hogs the grain of his own producing, and buys flour, which is at least no more wholesome, at a greater cost, at the store. 86b
Economy 86b written: C
C: and while these were growing … parsnips and walnut-tree chips is interlined in pencil.

(Ronald Clapper)
I saw that I could easily raise my bushel or two of rye and Indian corn, for the former will grow on the poorest land, and the latter does not require the best, and grind them in a hand-mill, and so dispense with do without do without do without do without do without do without rice and pork; and if I must have molasses some concentrated sweet, some concentrated sweet, some concentrated sweet, some concentrated sweet, some concentrated sweet, some concentrated sweet, I found by experiment that I could make a very good molasses either of pumpkins or of beets, beets, beets, beets, beets, beets, and I knew that I only needed only needed only needed only needed only needed only needed only to set out a few maple trees sugar maples maples maples maples maples maples to obtain it more easily still, and while these were growing I contrived could use could use could use could use could use various substitutes while I was waiting for the last to grow the white maple, acer dasycarpum, & the walnut which are abundant in Concord would furnish as good a syrup, if not in as great a quantity besides those which I have named. beside those which I have named. beside those which I have named. beside those which I have named. beside those which I have named. beside those which I have named. “For,” as the Forefathers sang,—
 
“we can make liquor to sweeten our lips
 
Of pumpkins and parsnips and walnut-tree chips.”
86c
Economy 86c written: A rewritten: B, C
A: Economy 86c is interlined.
A & B: Economy 86c follows Economy 16.

(Ronald Clapper)
Salt is perhaps the most important article in such a list and most commonly bought at the shops stores. Shops They did not at all first exist to furnish tea and coffee carriers. I see how living in Concord I could supply myself with every other article which I think that I need without using the stores at all, and By the way I would observe that Salt is perhaps the most important article to a countryman in such a list as I have referred to, and the most commonly bought at the stores. Stores did not at all first exist to furnish tea and coffee. I see how living in Concord I could supply myself with every other article which I think that I need without using the stores at all, and Finally, as for salt, that grossest of groceries, Finally, as for salt, that grossest of groceries, Finally, as for salt, that grossest of groceries, Finally, as for salt, that grossest of groceries, Finally, as for salt, that grossest of groceries, Finally, as for salt, that grossest of groceries, to obtain this might be a fit occasion for a visit to the seashore, Yet strictly speaking even salt cannot be called a necessary of human life, since many tribes do not use it. Yet strictly speaking even salt cannot be called a necessary of human life, since many tribes do not use it. or if I dispensed with did without it altogether, I should probably drink the less water. I cannot do not learn that the Indians ever troubled themselves to go after it. or, if I did without it altogether, I should probably drink the less water. I do not learn that the Indians ever troubled themselves to go after it. or, if I did without it altogether, I should probably drink the less water. I do not learn that the Indians ever troubled themselves to go after it. or, if I did without it altogether, I should probably drink the less water. I do not learn that the Indians ever troubled themselves to go after it. or, if I did without it altogether, I should probably drink the less water. I do not learn that the Indians ever troubled themselves to go after it. or, if I did without it altogether, I should probably drink the less water. I do not learn that the Indians ever troubled themselves to go after it.
87
Economy 87 written: D
D: Economy 87 is interlined.

(Ronald Clapper)
Thus I could avoid all trade and barter, so far as my food was concerned, and having a shelter already, it would only remain to get clothing and fuel. The pantaloons which I now wear were made woven woven woven woven in a farmer’s family,— thank Heaven there is so much virtue still in man; for I think the fall from the farmer to the operative as great and memorable as that from the man to the farmer; thank Heaven there is so much virtue still in man; for I think the fall from the farmer to the operative as great and memorable as that from the man to the farmer; thank Heaven there is so much virtue still in man; for I think the fall from the farmer to the operative as great and memorable as that from the man to the farmer; thank Heaven there is so much virtue still in man; for I think the fall from the farmer to the operative as great and memorable as that from the man to the farmer; —and in a new country fuel is regarded as is is is is an encumbrance. As for a habitat, if I were not permitted still to squat, I might purchase one acre at the same price for which the land I cultivated was sold —namely, eight dollars and eight cents. But as it was, I considered that I enhanced the value of the land by squatting on it. As for a habitat, if I were not permitted still to squat, I might purchase one acre at the same price for which the land I cultivated was sold —namely, eight dollars and eight cents. But as it was, I considered that I enhanced the value of the land by squatting on it. As for a habitat, if I were not permitted still to squat, I might purchase one acre at the same price for which the land I cultivated was sold —namely, eight dollars and eight cents. But as it was, I considered that I enhanced the value of the land by squatting on it. As for a habitat, if I were not permitted still to squat, I might purchase one acre at the same price for which the land I cultivated was sold —namely, eight dollars and eight cents. But as it was, I considered that I enhanced the value of the land by squatting on it.
88
Economy 88 written: D

(Ronald Clapper)
There is a certain class of unbelievers who sometimes ask me such questions as, if I think that I can live on vegetable food alone; and to strike at the root of the matter at once,—for the root is faith,—I am accustomed to answer such, that I can live on board nails. If they cannot understand that, they cannot understand much that I have to say. For my own my my my my part, I am glad to hear of experiments of this kind being tried; as that a young man tried for a fortnight to see if he could live to live to live to live to live on hard, raw corn on the ear, using his tooth teeth teeth teeth teeth teeth for all mortar. The squirrel tribe tried the same and succeeded. The human race is interested in these experiments, (as well as others) though a few old women may be alarmed who own their thirds in mills may be alarmed. though a few old women who are incapacitated for them, or who own their thirds in mills, may be alarmed. though a few old women who are incapacitated for them, or who own their thirds in mills, may be alarmed. though a few old women who are incapacitated for them, or who own their thirds in mills, may be alarmed. though a few old women who are incapacitated for them, or who own their thirds in mills, may be alarmed.
89
Economy 89 written: D
D: The following was added at the bottom of the leaf containing Economy 89.I saw the other day on the skirts of the village a family which for three months had no bed but a wisp of straw on a board and two Irish sheets no furniture to their house but two plates 2 bowls, 2 pewter spoons, and a knife without a handle—for I took careful inventory no house but a shanty. The husband father goes three miles to his work, and carries nothing but a piece of bread for his dinner. They have There were two children who sit sat out of doors on the ground in fair weather—They were quite at & enjoy perfect leisure. And the greater part of what he earns is sent to Ireland to forward his remaining children to this land of plenty. They sit with the door open in mid winter—& yet feel but their share of cold. It was a cheering sight. In the meanwhile Mrs n
Note: space left blank (R. Clapper)
president of the charitable society has caught her death through a crack in her door—& Mrs Farewell is pining


(Ronald Clapper)
n
Note: The following precedes Economy 92: –dren who sat out of door on the ground in fair weather and enjoyed perfect leisure. They sat with the door open in mid winter & yet felt but their share of cold. The father went three miles to his work, and carried nothing but a piece of bread for his dinner; and the great part of what he earns is sent to Ireland to forward his remaining children to this land of plenty. In the meanwhile Mrs n
Note: space left blank during original copying (R. Clapper)
O.D.R. president of the charitable society has caught her death through a crack in her door, and Mrs Farewell is pining away like a fly caught in a preserve pot and calls her disease sciatica. (R. Clapper)
My furniture, part of which I made myself, and the rest cost me nothing of which I have not rendered an account, and the rest cost me nothing of which I have not rendered an account, and the rest cost me nothing of which I have not rendered an account, and the rest cost me nothing of which I have not rendered an account, and the rest cost me nothing of which I have not rendered an account, consisted of a bed, a table, a desk, three chairs, a looking-glass three inches in diameter, a pair of tongs and andirons, a kettle, a skillet, and a frying-pan, a dipper, a wash-bowl, two knives and forks, three plates, one cup, one spoon, a jug for oil, a jug for molasses, and a japanned japanned japanned japanned japanned lamp. None are is is is is is so poor that they he he he he he need sit on a pumpkin. That is shiftlessness. There were are is a is a is a is a plenty of such chairs as I liked like like like like like best in the village garrets to be had for the taking taking taking taking taking them away. Furniture! Thank God, I can sit and I can stand without the aid of a furniture warehouse. What man but a philosopher would not be ashamed to see his furniture packed in a cart and going up country exposed to the light of heaven and the eyes of men, a beggarly account of empty boxes? That is Spaulding’s furniture. That is Spaulding’s furniture. That is Spaulding’s furniture. That is Spaulding’s furniture. That is Spaulding’s furniture. I could never tell from inspecting such a load of furniture such a load such a load such a load such a load whether it belonged to a so called rich man or a poor one; the owners owner always seemed equally poverty-stricken. owner always seemed poverty-stricken. owner always seemed poverty-stricken. owner always seemed poverty-stricken. owner always seemed poverty-stricken. Indeed, the more you have of such things the poorer you are. Indeed, the more you have of such things the poorer you are. Indeed, the more you have of such things the poorer you are. Indeed, the more you have of such things the poorer you are. Indeed, the more you have of such things the poorer you are. Each load looks as if it contained the contents of a hundred dozen dozen dozen dozen dozen shanties; and if one shanty is poor, this is a dozen times as poor. Pray, for what do we move ever but to get rid of our furniture, our exuviæ ; at last to go from this world to another newly furnished, and leave this to be burned? It is the same as if all these traps were buckled to a man’s belt, and he could not move over the rough country where our lines are cast without dragging them,—dragging his trap. He was a lucky fox that left his tail in the trap. The muskrat will gnaw his third leg off to be free. No wonder man has lost his elasticity. How often he is at a dead set! “Sir, if I may be so bold, what do you mean by a dead set?” If you are a seer, whenever you meet a man you will see all that he owns, ay, and much that he pretends to disown, ay, and much that he pretends to disown, ay, and much that he pretends to disown, ay, and much that he pretends to disown, ay, and much that he pretends to disown, behind him, even to his kitchen furniture and all the trumpery which he saves and will not burn, and he will appear to be harnessed to it and making what headway he can. I think that the man is at a dead set who has got through a knot hole or gateway where his sledge load of circumstances furniture furniture furniture furniture furniture cannot follow him. I cannot but feel compassion when I hear some trig, compact-looking man, seemingly free, all girded and ready, speak of his “furniture,” as whether it is insured or not. or but "But "But "But "But what shall I do with my furniture?” My gay butterfly is entangled in a spider’s web then. Even those who seem for a long while not to have any at first sight, to have any, to have any, to have any, to have any, if you inquire more narrowly you will find that they have have have have have some stored in somebody’s barn. I look upon England to-day as an old gentleman who is travelling with a great deal of baggage, trumpery which has accumulated from long housekeeping, which he has not the courage to burn; great trunk, little trunk, bandbox, and bundle. Throw away the first three at least. It would surpass the powers of a well man nowadays to take up his bed and walk, and I should certainly advise a sick one to lay down his bed and run. When I look upon England to-day as an old gentleman who is travelling with a great deal of baggage, trumpery which has accumulated from long housekeeping, which he has not the courage to burn; great trunk, little trunk, bandbox, and bundle. Throw away the first three at least. It would surpass the powers of a well man nowadays to take up his bed and walk, and I should certainly advise a sick one to lay down his bed and run. When I look upon England to-day as an old gentleman who is travelling with a great deal of baggage, trumpery which has accumulated from long housekeeping, which he has not the courage to burn; great trunk, little trunk, bandbox, and bundle. Throw away the first three at least. It would surpass the powers of a well man nowadays to take up his bed and walk, and I should certainly advise a sick one to lay down his bed and run. When I look upon England to-day as an old gentleman who is travelling with a great deal of baggage, trumpery which has accumulated from long housekeeping, which he has not the courage to burn; great trunk, little trunk, bandbox, and bundle. Throw away the first three at least. It would surpass the powers of a well man nowadays to take up his bed and walk, and I should certainly advise a sick one to lay down his bed and run. When I look upon England to-day as an old gentleman who is travelling with a great deal of baggage, trumpery which has accumulated from long housekeeping, which he has not the courage to burn; great trunk, little trunk, bandbox, and bundle. Throw away the first three at least. It would surpass the powers of a well man nowadays to take up his bed and walk, and I should certainly advise a sick one to lay down his bed and run. When I have met an immigrant tottering under a bundle which contained his all,— and looking like an enormous wen which had grown out of the nape of his neck I looking like an enormous wen which had grown out of the nape of his neck,— I looking like an enormous wen which had grown out of the nape of his neck,— I looking like an enormous wen which had grown out of the nape of his neck,— I looking like an enormous wen which had grown out of the nape of his neck,— I have pitied him, certainly not not not not not because that was his all, but because he had all that to carry. If I have got to drag my trap, I will take care that it be a light one and do not nip me in a vital part. But perchance it would be wisest never to put one’s paw into it.
90
Economy 90 written: A rewritten: G
A: Economy 90 was interlined between Village 1a and 1b.

(Ronald Clapper)
I would here observe, in a parenthesis, I would here observe, in a parenthesis, I would here observe, in a parenthesis, I would here observe, in a parenthesis, I would here observe, in a parenthesis, I would here observe, in a parenthesis, By the way, I would observe, by the way, I would observe, by the way, that it costs me nothing for curtains, for I have no gazers to shut out but the sun and moon, and I am willing that that that that that that that that they should look in. The moon will not sour milk or or or or or or or nor taint meat of mine, nor will the sun injure my furniture or fade my carpet; and if he is sometimes too warm a friend, I find it still better economy to retreat behind some curtain which nature has provided, than to add a single item to the details of housekeeping. A lady once offered me a mat, but as I had no room to spare within the house, nor time to spare within or without to shake it, I declined it, preferring to wipe my feet on the sod before my door. A lady once offered me a mat, but as I had no room to spare within the house, nor time to spare within or without to shake it, I declined it, preferring to wipe my feet on the sod before my door. A lady once offered me a mat, but as I had no room to spare within the house, nor time to spare within or without to shake it, I declined it, preferring to wipe my feet on the sod before my door. A lady once offered me a mat, but as I had no room to spare within the house, nor time to spare within or without to shake it, I declined it, preferring to wipe my feet on the sod before my door. A lady once offered me a mat, but as I had no room to spare within the house, nor time to spare within or without to shake it, I declined it, preferring to wipe my feet on the sod before my door. A lady once offered me a mat, but as I had no room to spare within the house, nor time to spare within or without to shake it, I declined it, preferring to wipe my feet on the sod before my door. A lady once offered me a mat, but as I had no room to spare within the house, nor time to spare within or without to shake it, I declined it, preferring to wipe my feet on the sod before my door. A lady once offered me a mat, but as I had no room to spare within the house, nor time to spare within or without to shake it, I declined it, preferring to wipe my feet on the sod before my door. It is best to avoid the beginnings of evil.
91
Economy 91 written: G rewritten: G
G: Economy 91 is interlined in the ink of G on a leaf in E. A fair copy was made of only Not long since … men do lives after them on a leaf in G.

(Ronald Clapper)
And Only the other day I was present at attended was present at Not long since I was present at the auction of a deacon’s effects, for his life had not been ineffectual: for his life had not been ineffectual:
 
“The evil that men do lives after r
Revision note: G1: them. The good is oft interred with their bones.
them; the good is oft interred with their bones.
them."
As usual, a great proportion was rubbish or trumpery trumpery which had begun to accumulate in his father’s day. Among the rest was a dried tapeworm. And now, after lying half a century in his garret and other dust holes, these things were not burned; but There was no Instead of a bonfire or purifying destruction of them but there was an auction or increasing of them. instead of a bonfire, or purifying destruction of them, there was an auction, or increasing of them. The neighbors eagerly collected to view them, bought them all, and carefully trans ported them to their garrets and dust holes, to lie there till their estates are settled, when they will start again. When a man dies he kicks the dust.
92
Economy 92 written: E

(Ronald Clapper)
The customs of some savage nations might, perchance, be profitably imitated by us, for they at least go through the semblance of casting their slough annually; they have the idea of the thing, whether they have the reality or not. Would it not be well if we were to celebrate such a “busk,” or “feast of first fruits,” as Bartram describes to have been the custom of the Mucclasse Indians? “When a town celebrates the busk,” says he, “having previously provided themselves with new clothes, new pots, pans, and other household utensils and furniture, they collect all their worn out clothes and other despicable things, sweep and cleanse their houses, squares, and the whole town, of their filth, which with all the remaining grain and other old provisions they cast together into one common heap, and consume it with fire. After having taken medicine, and fasted for three days, all the fire in the town is extinguished. During this fast they abstain from the gratification of every appetite and passion whatever. A general amnesty is proclaimed; all malefactors may return to their town, and they are absolved from their crimes, which are now forgotten and they restored to favor. town.-" town.-" town.-"
93
Economy 93 written: E

(Ronald Clapper)
“On the fourth morning, the high priest, by rubbing dry wood together, produces new fire in the public square, from whence every habitation in the town is supplied with the new and pure flame.”
94
Economy 94 written: E

(Ronald Clapper)
They then feast on the new corn and fruits, and dance and sing for three days, “and the four following days they receive visits and rejoice with their friends from neighboring towns who have in like manner purified and prepared themselves.”
95
Economy 95 written: E
E: Economy 95 is interlined in pencil.

(Ronald Clapper)
The Mexicans also from his customs may have derived ractised practised practised practised a similar purification at the end of every fifty-two years, in the belief that it was time for the world to come to an end.
96
Economy 96 written: E

(Ronald Clapper)
I have scarcely heard of a truer sacrament, that is, as the dictionary defines it, “outward and visible sign of an inward and spiritual grace,” than this, and I have no doubt that they were originally inspired directly from Heaven to do thus, though they have no biblical record of the revelation. n
Note: The following was interlined after Economy 96 in the ink of G: “But either no revelation has been made to us, or we have not apprehended it.” (R. Clapper)
97a
Economy 97a written: A rewritten: B, C

(Ronald Clapper)
At present i.e., when this was written I maintain myself At present When this was written I maintain maintained myself For more than five years I maintained myself thus For more than five years I maintained myself thus For more than five years I maintained myself thus For more than five years I maintained myself thus For more than five years I maintained myself thus For more than five years I maintained myself thus solely by the labor of my hands, and I found find found found found found found found found that, by working about six weeks in a year, I can can could could could could could could could meet all the expenses of living. The whole of my winters, as well as most of my summers, I have free and entire for study, having only to get my fuel, the dead and for the most part unmerchantable wood behind my house, to bake my bread, and to wash my clothes. I can invent for society. have had free and entire for study had free and entire for study. had free and clear for study. had free and clear for study. had free and clear for study. had free and clear for study. had free and clear for study. I have thoroughly tried school-keeping, and have found have found found found found found found found that my expenses were increased in a greater proportion than my salary increased in a greater proportion than my salary income, increased in a greater proportion than my income in proportion or rather out of proportion to my income, for I was obliged to dress and train accordingly, in proportion, or rather out of proportion, to my income, for I was obliged to dress and train, not to say think and believe, accordingly, in proportion, or rather out of proportion, to my income, for I was obliged to dress and train, not to say think and believe, accordingly, in proportion, or rather out of proportion, to my income, for I was obliged to dress and train, not to say think and believe, accordingly, in proportion, or rather out of proportion, to my income, for I was obliged to dress and train, not to say think and believe, accordingly, in proportion, or rather out of proportion, to my income, for I was obliged to dress and train, not to say think and believe, accordingly, and I lost my time into the bargain. As I did not teach for the good of my fellow-men, but simply for a livelihood, this was a failure. I have tried trade; but I found that it would take ten years to get under way in that, and that then you would I should I should I should I should I should I should I should I should probably be on the my my my my my my my way to the devil. I was actually afraid that I might by that time be actually doing what is called a good business. I was actually afraid that I might by that time be doing what is called a good business. I was actually afraid that I might by that time be doing what is called a good business. I was actually afraid that I might by that time be doing what is called a good business. I was actually afraid that I might by that time be doing what is called a good business. I was actually afraid that I might by that time be doing what is called a good business. I was actually afraid that I might by that time be doing what is called a good business. I was actually afraid that I might by that time be doing what is called a good business. 97b
Economy 97b written: F

(Ronald Clapper)
When formerly I was looking about to see what I could do for a living, some sad experience in conforming to the wishes of friends being fresh in my mind to tax my ingenuity, I thought often and seriously of picking huckleberries; that surely I could do, and its small profits might suffice,—for my greatest skill has been to want but little,—so little capital it required, so little distraction from my wonted thoughts moods, moods, moods, I foolishly thought. While my acquaintances went unhesitatingly into trade or the professions, I thought of contemplated contemplated contemplated this occupation as most like theirs; ranging the hills all summer to pick the berries which came in my way, which I might carelessly dispose of & thereafter carelessly dispose of them; and thereafter carelessly dispose of them; and thereafter carelessly dispose of them; so, to keep the flocks of Admetus. I also dreamed that I might gather the wild herbs, or carry evergreens to such villagers as loved to be reminded of the woods, even to the city, by hay-cart loads. But I have since learned that trade curses every thing it handles; and though you trade in messages from heaven, the whole curse of trade attaches to the business.
98
Economy 98 written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
As I preferred some things to others, and especially valued my freedom, and and as I as I as I as I as I as I as I could fare hard and yet succeed well, I did not wish to spend my time in earning rich carpets or other other other other other other other other fine furniture, or delicate cookery, or a house in the Grecian or the Gothic style just yet. If there are any to whom it is no interruption to acquire these things, and who know how to use them when acquired, I relinquish to them the pursuit. Some are industrious as the phrase is, industrious as the phrase is, "industrious," "industrious," "industrious," "industrious," "industrious," "industrious," and appear to appear to appear to appear to appear to appear to appear to love labor for its own sake, or perhaps because it keeps them out of worse mischief; or perhaps because it keeps them out of worse mischief; or perhaps because it keeps them out of worse mischief; or perhaps because it keeps them out of worse mischief; or perhaps because it keeps them out of worse mischief; or perhaps because it keeps them out of worse mischief; or perhaps because it keeps them out of worse mischief; to such I have at present nothing to say. Those who would not know what to do with more leisure than they now enjoy, I would would might might might might might might might advise to work twice as hard as they do,— work till they pay for themselves, and get their free papers. work till they pay for themselves, and get their free papers. work till they pay for themselves, and get their free papers. work till they pay for themselves, and get their free papers. work till they pay for themselves, and get their free papers. work till they pay for themselves, and get their free papers. work till they pay for themselves, and get their free papers. For myself I find that at present find found that at present found that found that found that found that found that found that the occupation of a day-laborer is is was was was was was was was the most independent of any, especially when we consider that it requires when we consider that it requireswhen we consider I considered that it requires as it required as it required as it required as it required as it required as it required as it required only thirty or forty days in a year to support one. The laborer’s day ends with the going down of the sun, and he is then then then then then then then free to devote himself to his chosen pursuit, independent of his labor; but his employer, who speculates from month to month, has no respite from one year’s end to another’s. year’s end to another’s Some say that time is money. It is more than that. It is life. And whoever exchanges much of it for money—or what money can buy—makes a wretched bargain & will be bankrupt in the end. end of the year to the other. end of the year to the other. end of the year to the other. end of the year to the other. end of the year to the other. end of the year to the other.
99
Economy 99 written: C
C: Economy 99 is interlined on a leaf from B that had been taken into C.

(Ronald Clapper)
In short, In short, In short, In short, In short, In short, I am convinced, both both both both both both by faith as well as by & and and and and and experience, that to maintain one’s self on this earth is not a hardship but a pastime, if we will live simply and wisely; as the pursuits of the simpler nations are still the sports of the more artificial. It is not necessary that a man should earn his living by the sweat of his brow, unless he sweats easier than I do.
100
Economy 100 written: A rewritten: B

(Ronald Clapper)
One young man of my acquaintance, who has inherited some acres, remarked to remarked to told told told told told told told me that he thought he should live as I do did, did, did, did, did, did, did, did, if he had the means . I would not have any one adopt my mode of living on any account; for, beside that before he has fairly learned it I may have found out another for myself, I desire that there may be as many different persons in the world as possible—and they say very truly that it takes all kinds to make a world; possible; possible; possible; possible; possible; possible; possible; but I would have each one be very careful to find out and pursue his own way, and not his father’s or his mother’s or his neighbor’s instead. The youth may build or plant or sail, only let him not be hindered from doing that which he tells me he would like to do. If he is reproved for being what he is he will find his only recourse in being still more entirely what he is. Carry but yourself erect and your garments will trail as they should. Disturb not the sailor with too many details, but let him be sure that he keep his guiding star in his eye do.If he is reproved for being what he is he will find his only recourse is being still more entirely what he is. Carry but yourself erect and your garments will trail as they should. Disturb not the sailor with too many details, but only let him be sure that he keep his guiding star in his eye do. do. do. do. do. do. It is by a mathematical point only that we are wise, as the sailor or the fugitive slave keeps the polestar in his eye; as the sailor or the fugitive slave keeps the polestar in his eye; as the sailor or the fugitive slave keeps the polestar in his eye; as the sailor or the fugitive slave keeps the polestar in his eye; as the sailor or the fugitive slave keeps the polestar in his eye; as the sailor or the fugitive slave keeps the polestar in his eye; but that is sufficient guidance for all our life. We may not arrive at our port within a calculable period, but we would preserve the true course. We may not arrive at our port within a calculable period, but we would preserve the true course. We may not arrive at our port within a calculable period, but we would preserve the true course. We may not arrive at our port within a calculable period, but we would preserve the true course. We may not arrive at our port within a calculable period, but we would preserve the true course. We may not arrive at our port within a calculable period, but we would preserve the true course.
101
Economy 101 written: B rewritten: C
B: Moreover, it will commonly be … not keep his side in repair and Above all, as I have implied … a long time before they get off do not appear in the manuscript.
C: A second fair copy was made of Undoubtedly, in this case, what is true … not keep his side in repair.

(Ronald Clapper)
n
Note:

Before Economy 101, the following was interlined, beginning on the bottom of a leaf from B that had been taken into C and continuing in the margin at the top of a leaf in C:

Everything impels us to seek our health. No doubt our instincts drive us forward in the right path and keep us from wandering, as faithful herdsmen their herds. Whatever we care to do is for our health. No student ever hurt his chest with writing poetry—for that does not consist with a constrained position. No it was writing prose, it was some vile copying or other drudgery that did the business. The girl that is visited by beautiful thoughts is not then laying the foundations of a crooked spine. They are guiltless of such work.

(R. Clapper)
n
Note:

Before Economy 101, the following was interlined, beginning on the bottom of a leaf from B that had been taken into C and continuing in the margin at the top of a leaf in C:

Everything impels us to seek our health. No doubt our instincts drive us forward in the right path and keep us from wandering, as faithful herdsmen their herds. Whatever we care to do is for our health. No student ever hurt his chest with writing poetry—for that does not consist with a constrained position. No it was writing prose, it was some vile copying or other drudgery that did the business. The girl that is visited by beautiful thoughts is not then laying the foundations of a crooked spine. They are guiltless of such work.

(R. Clapper)
I shall be very glad if this record of my experience afford any useful hints to others, for the conduct of their lives. I believe that Yet I believe that in this case, what is true for one is truer still for a thousand, just as, to use a particular instance, the expense of building a large house is not proportionally greater than that of building a small one, since one roof may cover, and one cellar underlie, and one wall separate, many apartments; or to express it generally—the expense of building a large house is not proportionally greater than that of building a small one, in proportion to its size—though if I thought that I should be understood literally I should say that though to speak literally I prefer the isolated dwelling. r
Revision note: C1: Yet I believe that in this case what is true for one is truer still for a thousand, just as to use a particular instance, the expense of building a large house is not proportionally greater than the expense of building a small one, since one roof may cover and one cellar underlie and one wall separate many apartments; though to speak literally, I prefer the solitary dwelling.
Yet I believe that Undoubtedly in this case, what is true for one is truer still for a thousand, just as, to use a particular instance, the expense of building a large house is not proportionally greater than the expense of building more expensive than a small one, since one roof may cover and one cellar may underlie, and one wall separate many several apartments; though to speak literally I prefer But for my own part I preferred the solitary dwelling.
Undoubtedly, in this case, what is true for one is truer still for a thousand, as a large house is not more expensive than a small one in proportion to its size, since one roof may cover, one cellar underlie, and one wall separate several apartments. But for my part, I preferred the solitary dwelling. Undoubtedly, in this case, what is true for one is truer still for a thousand, as a large house is not more expensive than a small one in proportion to its size, since one roof may cover, one cellar underlie, and one wall separate several apartments. But for my part, I preferred the solitary dwelling. Undoubtedly, in this case, what is true for one is truer still for a thousand, as a large house is not more expensive than a small one in proportion to its size, since one roof may cover, one cellar underlie, and one wall separate several apartments. But for my part, I preferred the solitary dwelling. Undoubtedly, in this case, what is true for one is truer still for a thousand, as a large house is not more expensive than a small one in proportion to its size, since one roof may cover, one cellar underlie, and one wall separate several apartments. But for my part, I preferred the solitary dwelling. Undoubtedly, in this case, what is true for one is truer still for a thousand, as a large house is not more expensive than a small one in proportion to its size, since one roof may cover, one cellar underlie, and one wall separate several apartments. But for my part, I preferred the solitary dwelling.
r
Revision note: C1:
Moreover,
r
Revision note: C1:
Moreover,
Moreover, Moreover, Moreover, Moreover, Moreover,
it will commonly be cheaper to build the whole yourself than to convince another of the advantage of the common wall; and when you have done r
Revision note: C1:
this,
r
Revision note: C1:
this,
this, this, this, this, this,
the common partition, to be r
Revision note: C1:
much
r
Revision note: C1:
much
much much much much much
cheaper, must be a thin one, and that other may prove a bad neighbor, and r
Revision note: C1:
moreover also
r
Revision note: C1:
moreover also
also also also also also
not keep his side in repair. In the large establishment there will be many xxxx holes, and many resources for idleness. If the single man fails he will know where the fault lies and learn faster by experience. repair. In the large establishment there will be many xxxx holes, and many resources for idleness. If the single man fails he will know where the fault lies and learn faster by experience. repair. repair. repair. repair. repair. It is true men talk much of cooperation nowadays—of working together to some worthy end, when the only cooperation which they mean It appears to me that the only cooperation which is commonly possible, however advantageous it may be However advantageous it may be, the only cooperation which is commonly possible The only coöperation which is commonly possible The only coöperation which is commonly possible The only coöperation which is commonly possible The only coöperation which is commonly possible The only coöperation which is commonly possible is exceedingly partial and superficial; and and and and and and what little true coöperation there is, is as if it were not, being a simple result of which the means are hidden being a simple result of which the means are hidden, being being being being being a harmony inaudible to men. If a man has faith he will coöperate with equal faith every where; if he has not faith, he will continue to live like the rest of the world, whatever company he is joined to. To coöperate, in the highest as well as the lowest sense, means to get your our our our our our our our living together . I heard it proposed lately that two young men should travel together over the world, the one without money, earning his means as he went, on foot and before the mast, on foot and before the mast and behind the plough, before the mast and behind the plough, before the mast and behind the plough, before the mast and behind the plough, before the mast and behind the plough, before the mast and behind the plough, the other carrying a bill of exchange in his pocket. It was easy to see that they could not long be companions or coöperate, since one would not operate at all. They would part company part company part part part part part at the first interesting crisis in their adventures. But whether we act singly or in community simplicity and high purpose will equally be indispensable adventures. adventures. adventures. adventures. adventures. adventures. Above all, as I have suggested, as I have suggested, as I have implied, as I have implied, as I have implied, as I have implied, as I have implied, the man who goes alone can start today; but he who travels with another must wait till that other is ready, and what with the weather and that other’s convenience, it will may what with the weather and that other’s convenience, it will may it may it may it may it may it may be a long time before they get off. There are experts of the establishment and they are wont to be very serious even long before anything is established. A platform for orators is at once erected and that costs incalculable sums. I have noticed that birds which fly in flocks, like blackbirds, appea[r] to waste a good deal of time in chattering. Judging by the amount that has been spoken and written about the Fourier system, for instance the interminable discussions even to the minutest details of the cella[r] and the garret, one would think suppose that it had now been in operation for a hundred years, but I have yet to learn that a single institution, entirely on his Fourier’s plan , is anywhere fairly under weigh. I remember an old woman who when I was a boy used to send me of errands, who repeated her message off. There are experts of the establishment and they are wont to be very serious even long before anything is established. A platform for orators is at once erected and that costs incalculable sums. I have noticed that birds which fly in flocks, like blackbirds, appea[r] to waste a good deal of time in chattering. Judging by the amount that has been spoken and written about the Fourier system, for instance the interminable discussions even to the minutest details of the cella[r] and the garret, one would think suppose that it had now been in operation for a hundred years, but I have yet to learn that a single institution, entirely on his Fourier’s plan , is anywhere fairly under weigh. I remember an old woman who when I was a boy used to send me of errands, who repeated her message off. off. off. off. off. n
Note: Three leaves (#113-117) are missing. (R. Clapper)
102
Economy 102 written: A rewritten: B, C
A & B: But I would not stand between … most likely they will does not appear in the manuscript in A or in the original copying of B but is interlined in pencil in B.

(Ronald Clapper)
But all this is very selfish, I have heard some of my townsmen say. I confess that But all this is very selfish, I have heard some of my townsmen say. I confess that But all this is very selfish, I have heard some of my townsmen say. I confess that But all this is very selfish, I have heard some of my townsmen say. I confess that But all this is very selfish, I have heard some of my townsmen say. I confess that But all this is very selfish, I have heard some of my townsmen say. I confess that But all this is very selfish, I have heard some of my townsmen say. I confess that I have hitherto indulged very little in philanthropic enterprises. I have made some sacrifices to a sense of duty, and among others have sacrificed this pleasure also. I may say without boasting that I have never been inside of a theatre but once, and never that I remember—subscribed a cent to any charitable object. Professional men—merchants—farmers—mechanics—laboring men and women—speculators and jobbers of all kinds have at various times tempted me just to take one turn at doing good to mankind—but I have been wonderfully sustained and my virtue is still unsullied in this respect. Some Some There are those who There are those who There are those who There are those who There are those who There are those who There are those who have used all their arts to persuade me to undertake the support of some poor family in the town; and and and and and and if I had nothing to do,— for they say for they say even for for for for for for the devil finds employment for the idle,—I certainly should certainly should might might might might might might might try my hand at some such pastime as that. However, However, However, However, However, However, when I have thought to indulge myself in this respect, and lay their Heaven under an obligation by maintaining certain poor persons in all respects as comfortably as I maintain myself, and have even advanced ventured ventured ventured ventured ventured ventured ventured ventured so far as to make them the offer, they have one and all unhesitatingly preferred to remain poor. While my townsmen and women and women and women and women and women and women and women and women are devoted in so many ways to the good of their fellow men fellows fellows, fellows, fellows, fellows, fellows, fellows, fellows, I trust that one at least may be spared to other and less humane pursuits. I care not if my pursuits have no references to mankind. “In antiquity,” said Confucius, “those who devoted themselves to study did it for themselves; now those who devote themselves to study do it for others,” as a commentator says “to appear learned in the eyes of others,” as another commentator may add—“and to acquire a reputation for philanthropy.” Now, it appears to me, those who devote themselves to charity do it commonly for others, in Confucius’ sense, for but you must have a genius for charity as well as for anything else “In antiquity,” said Confucius, “those who devoted themselves to study did it for themselves; now, those who devote themselves to study do it for others,” as a commentator says “to appear learned to the eyes of others.” Now, it appears to me, those who devote themselves to charity do it for others. But you must have a genius for charity as well as for anything else. You must have a genius for charity as well as for any thing else. You must have a genius for charity as well as for any thing else. You must have a genius for charity as well as for any thing else. You must have a genius for charity as well as for any thing else. You must have a genius for charity as well as for any thing else. As for Doing-good, that is one of the professions that that which which which which which which which are full. Moreover, I did once try it fairly, did once try have tried it fairly in the course of my life, have tried it fairly, have tried it fairly, have tried it fairly, have tried it fairly, have tried it fairly, have tried it fairly, and, strange as it may seem, am satisfied that it does not agree with my constitution. It does not suit my genius I have a natural repugnance to it constitution. I have a natural repugnance to it constitution. constitution. constitution. constitution. constitution. constitution. Probably I should not consciously and deliberately forsake my particular calling to do the good which society demands of me, to save the universe from annihilation; and indeed a like indeed I believe that a like I believe that a like but greater I believe that a like but infinitely greater I believe that a like but infinitely greater I believe that a like but infinitely greater I believe that a like but infinitely greater I believe that a like but infinitely greater steadfastness elsewhere is all that now preserves it. But I would not stand between any man and his genius; and to him who does this work, which I decline, with his whole heart and soul and life, I would say, Persevere, aye even if as in my own case aye even if as in my own case aye even if even if even if even if even if even if the world call it doing evil, as it is most likely they will. as it is most likely they will. as it is most likely they will. as it is most likely they will. as it is most likely they will. as it is most likely they will.
103a
Economy 103a written: B

(Ronald Clapper)
do not by any means suppose am far from supposing I am far from supposing I am far from supposing I am far from supposing I am far from supposing I am far from supposing I am far from supposing that my case is a peculiar one; but that you would all say something similar in like circumstances no doubt many of my readers would make a similar defence. no doubt many of my readers would make a similar defence. no doubt many of my readers would make a similar defence. no doubt many of my readers would make a similar defence. no doubt many of my readers would make a similar defence. no doubt many of my readers would make a similar defence. no doubt many of my readers would make a similar defence. At doing something,—I will not engage that my neighbors shall pronounce it good,—I do not hesitate to say that I should be a capital fellow to hire; but what that is, it is for my employer to find out. What good I do, in your the common the common the common the common the common the common the common sense of that word, must be aside from my main path, and for the most part wholly unintended. There is no doctrine preached with so much cant in these days as this of doing good, and I think that this word cant, considering its meaning should be derived, not from the old chant, at length come to be sung more through the nose, but rather from the contraction can’t, the expression of inefficiency and despair unintended. unintended. unintended. unintended. unintended. unintended. 103b
Economy 103b written: A rewritten: B, C
B & C: A fair copy was made of only Men say, practically, Begin … the sun’s chariot but one day on a leaf in B that was later taken into C. A fair copy was made of the rest of Economy 103b, beginning on the leaf from B and continuing on a new leaf in C.

(Ronald Clapper)
Men say, practically, Begin where you are and such as you are, not not without without without without without without without aiming mainly to become better of more worth, of more worth, of more worth, of more worth, of more worth, of more worth, of more worth, of more worth, and with kindness aforethought go about doing good. If I were to preach at all in this strain, I should say rather, Set about being good. As if the sun should stop when he had kindled his fires up to the splendor of a moon or a star of the sixth magnitude, and go about like a Robin Goodfellow or will o’ the wisp, Goodfellow, Goodfellow, Goodfellow, Goodfellow, Goodfellow, Goodfellow, Goodfellow, peeping in at every cottage window, inspiring lunatics, and tainting meats, and making darkness visible, instead of steadily increasing his genial heat and beneficence till he is of such brightness that no mortal can look him in the face, and then, and in the mean while too, going about the world in his own orbit, doing it good, or rather, as a truer philosophy has discovered, the world go going going going going going going going going about him getting good. When Phaeton, wishing to prove his heavenly birth by his beneficence, had the sun’s chariot but one day, and drove out of the beaten track, he burned several blocks of houses in the lower streets of heaven, and scorched the surface of the earth, and dried up every spring, and made the great desert of Sahara, till Jupiter at length Jupiter at length at length Jupiter at length at length Jupiter at length Jupiter at length Jupiter at length Jupiter at length Jupiter hurled him headlong to the earth with a thunderbolt, and the sun, through grief at his death, did not shine for a year.
104a
Economy 104a written: A rewritten: C

(Ronald Clapper)
There is no odor so bad as that which arises from goodness tainted. It is human, it is divine, carrion. Why, there is no odor so bad as that which arises from goodness tainted. It is human it is divine carrion. There is no odor so bad as that which arises from goodness tainted. It is human, it is divine, carrion. There is no odor so bad as that which arises from goodness tainted. It is human, it is divine, carrion. There is no odor so bad as that which arises from goodness tainted. It is human, it is divine, carrion. There is no odor so bad as that which arises from goodness tainted. It is human, it is divine, carrion. There is no odor so bad as that which arises from goodness tainted. It is human, it is divine, carrion. If I knew for a certainty that a man was coming to my house with the conscious purpose design purpose design purpose design design design design design design of doing me good—such a man at least as I have seen on this errand, good—such a man at least as I have seen on this errand, good, such a man as I have seen on this errand. good, good, good, good, good, I should run for my life, as from that dry and parching wind of the African deserts called the simoom, which fills the mouth and nose and ears and eyes with dust till you are suffocated, I would not preach to men so strenuously and exclusively to practice kindness and humanity toward one another—to feed the hungry & clothe the naked, and the like, for the greater would include the less I would not preach to men so strenuously and exclusively to practice kindness and humanity toward one another—to feed the hungry & clothe the naked, and the like, for the greater would include the less There are two kinds of good, the one done to the body, the other, to the inhabitant of the body. Mankind insist almost exclusively on the former. But. for fear that I should get some of his good done to me,—some of its virus mingled with my blood. No,—in this case I would rather suffer evil the natural way. for fear that I should get some of his good done to me,—some of its virus mingled with my blood. No,—in this case I would rather suffer evil the natural way. for fear that I should get some of his good done to me,—some of its virus mingled with my blood. No,—in this case I would rather suffer evil the natural way. for fear that I should get some of his good done to me,—some of its virus mingled with my blood. No,—in this case I would rather suffer evil the natural way. for fear that I should get some of his good done to me,—some of its virus mingled with my blood. No,—in this case I would rather suffer evil the natural way. A man is not a good man to me because he will feed me if I should be starving, or warm me if I should be freezing, or pull me out of a ditch if I should ever fall into one. I can find you a Newfoundland dog that will do as much. Philanthropy is not love for one’s fellow-man in the broadest sense. Philanthropy is not love for one’s fellow-man in the broadest sense. Philanthropy is not love for one’s fellow-man in the broadest sense. Philanthropy is not love for one’s fellow-man in the broadest sense. Philanthropy is not love for one’s fellow-man in the broadest sense. 104b
Economy 104b written: C

(Ronald Clapper)
Howard was no doubt an exceedingly kind and worthy man in his way, and has his reward; but, comparatively speaking, what are a hundred Howards to us , if their philanthropy does not cheer us, if their presence, their conversation, their lives do not satisfy the hunger which is now starving us, do not banish the cold which is freezing us, do not help to liberate us from the prison in which we are all confined. Alas! do not help us in our best estate? do not help us in our best estate, when we are most worthy to be helped? do not help us in our best estate, when we are most worthy to be helped? do not help us in our best estate, when we are most worthy to be helped? do not help us in our best estate, when we are most worthy to be helped? do not help us in our best estate, when we are most worthy to be helped? I never yet attended heard of heard of heard of heard of heard of heard of a philanthropic meeting in which it was sincerely sincerely sincerely sincerely sincerely proposed to do any good to me or the like of me. But every dog should have his turn day me, or the like of me. me, or the like of me. me, or the like of me. me, or the like of me. me, or the like of me.
105
Economy 105 written: E rewritten: G
E: Economy 105 follows Economy 107.

(Ronald Clapper)
The Jesuits were quite balked by those Indians who, being burned at the stake, suggested new modes of torture to their tormentors. Being superior to physical suffering, it sometimes chanced that they were superior to any consolation which the missionaries could offer; and the law to do as you would be done by fell with less persuasiveness on the ears of those, who, for their part, did not care how they were done by, who loved their enemies after a new fashion, and freely forgave freely forgave freely forgave came very near freely forgiving came very near freely forgiving them all they did.
106a
Economy 106a written: G

(Ronald Clapper)
We do not Be sure you Be sure that you give the poor the aid they most need, We do not set them an example—leave though it be your example which leaves though it be your example which leaves them far behind. If we give money we do not commonly spend ourselves with it—but rather you give money spend yourself with it—& do not merely you give money, spend yourself with it, and do not merely abandon it to them. We err even on much simpler ground—After all, make curious mistakes sometimes. Often make curious mistakes sometimes. Often the poor man is not so cold and hungry as he is dirty and ragged and gross. It is as much his taste as partly his taste and not merely partly his taste, and not merely his misfortune. If you give him money, he will perhaps buy more rags with it. 106b
Economy 106b written: B rewritten: B, E, G
B: Economy 106b follows Economy 21. It was originally added to the manuscript on a separate leaf, but when Economy 21 was copied a fair copy was made of Economy 106b.
C: Economy 106b follows Economy 37b. A fair copy was made of only I was wont to pity … in such mean and ragged.
E: Economy 106b follows Pond in Winter 18a.
F: Economy 106b follows Pond in Winter 18b. A fair copy was made of only I was wont to pity …mean and ragged clothes.

(Ronald Clapper)
r
Revision note: B1: This leads me to say that almost any man knows how to earn money, but not one in a million having earned it knows how to spend it. If he had known so much as this he would never have earned acquired it. At least I never knew a very rich man to let alone the poor for the present who knew how to spend his money. Commonly they the rich wear no better clothes and build no better houses than their neighbors, for while they have been accumulating property they have not been cultivating their taste or their wits. I think that in winter, and I speak from experience, the poor man who wears cowhide, is better shod than the rich with India rubber over calf-skin. You are no doubt wont to pity the poor clumsy Irish laborers who work on our railroads in the winter, or cut ice in our ponds. In such mean and ragged clothes, while the spectator shivers in his pants you are shivering in your own more tidy and fashionable garments—and so did I, till one of the last who had slipped into the water one bitter cold day came to my house to warm him,
Almost any man,—if I may be pardoned the digression—, knows how to earn money, but not one in a million having earned it amassed a fortune knows how to spend it. If he had known so much as this he would never have acquired it. Commonly the rich wear no better clothes and build no better houses than their neighbors, for while they have been accumulating property they have not been cultivating their taste or their wits. I think that in winter, and I speak from experience, the poor man who wears cowhide, is better shod than the rich with India rubber over calf-skin. You are no doubt wont to pity the poor clumsy Irish laborers who work on our railroads in the winter, or cut ice in our ponds, in such mean and ragged clothes, while you are shivering in your own more tidy and fashionable garments—and so did I, till one of the last who had slipped into the pond one bitter cold day, came to my house to warm him—for if it had not been for my fire his limbs would have been frozen,
r
Revision note: B1: This leads me to say that almost any man knows how to earn money, but not one in a million having earned it knows how to spend it. If he had known so much as this he would never have earned acquired it. At least I never knew a very rich man to let alone the poor for the present who knew how to spend his money. Commonly they the rich wear no better clothes and build no better houses than their neighbors, for while they have been accumulating property they have not been cultivating their taste or their wits. I think that in winter, and I speak from experience, the poor man who wears cowhide, is better shod than the rich with India rubber over calf-skin. You are no doubt wont to pity the poor clumsy Irish laborers who work on our railroads in the winter, or cut ice in our ponds. In such mean and ragged clothes, while the spectator shivers in his pants you are shivering in your own more tidy and fashionable garments—and so did I, till one of the last who had slipped into the water one bitter cold day came to my house to warm him,
Almost any man,—if I may be pardoned the digression—, knows how to earn money, but not one in a million having earned it amassed a fortune knows how to spend it. If he had known so much as this he would never have acquired it. Commonly the rich wear no better clothes and build no better houses than their neighbors, for while they have been accumulating property they have not been cultivating their taste or their wits. I think that in winter, and I speak from experience, the poor man who wears cowhide, is better shod than the rich with India rubber over calf-skin. You are no doubt wont to pity the poor clumsy Irish laborers who work on our railroads in the winter, or cut ice in our ponds, in such mean and ragged clothes, while you are shivering in your own more tidy and fashionable garments—and so did I, till one of the last who had slipped into the pond one bitter cold day, came to my house to warm him—for if it had not been for my fire his limbs would have been frozen,
r
Revision note: B1: This leads me to say that almost any man knows how to earn money, but not one in a million having earned it knows how to spend it. If he had known so much as this he would never have earned acquired it. At least I never knew a very rich man to let alone the poor for the present who knew how to spend his money. Commonly they the rich wear no better clothes and build no better houses than their neighbors, for while they have been accumulating property they have not been cultivating their taste or their wits. I think that in winter, and I speak from experience, the poor man who wears cowhide, is better shod than the rich with India rubber over calf-skin. You are no doubt wont to pity the poor clumsy Irish laborers who work on our railroads in the winter, or cut ice in our ponds. In such mean and ragged clothes, while the spectator shivers in his pants you are shivering in your own more tidy and fashionable garments—and so did I, till one of the last who had slipped into the water one bitter cold day came to my house to warm him,
Almost any man,—if I may be pardoned the digression—, knows how to earn money, but not one in a million having earned it amassed a fortune knows how to spend it. If he had known so much as this he would never have acquired it. Commonly the rich wear no better clothes and build no better houses than their neighbors, for while they have been accumulating property they have not been cultivating their taste or their wits. I think that in winter, and I speak from experience, the poor man who wears cowhide, is better shod than the rich with India rubber over calf-skin. You are no doubt wont to pity the poor clumsy Irish laborers who work on our railroads in the winter, or cut ice in our ponds, in such mean and ragged clothes, while you are shivering in your own more tidy and fashionable garments—and so did I, till one of the last who had slipped into the pond one bitter cold day, came to my house to warm him—for if it had not been for my fire his limbs would have been frozen,
The Irishmen were very warmly clad and kept their feet dry with tight boots so that they would work without mittens in pretty cold weather. At first I was inclined to pity them engaged in such cold & wet work in ragged and apparently insufficient clothing, while I shivered in my somewhat more tidy garments, till one who had slipped into the pond one bitter cold day came to my house to warm him, The Irishmen were very warmly clad & kept their feet dry with tight boots & their bodies warm, so that they could work without mittens in pretty cold weather. At first I was inclined to pity them, engaged in such cold & wet work in ragged and apparently insufficient clothing. I was wont to pity the clumsy Irish laborers who cut ice on the pond, in such mean and ragged clothes, while I shivered in my more tidy and somewhat more fashionable garments, till, one bitter cold day, one who had slipped into the water came to my house to warm him, I was wont to pity the clumsy Irish laborers who cut ice on the pond, in such mean and ragged clothes, while I shivered in my more tidy and somewhat more fashionable garments, till, one bitter cold day, one who had slipped into the water came to my house to warm him,
and I saw him strip off three pairs of pants and two pairs of stockings ere he got down to the r
Revision note: B1: skin, though they were dirty and ragged enough it is true, and how that he could afford to refuse the extra garments which I had offered him. What the rich are said to give away is not commonly a gift, but rather so much abandoned to mankind, though it be the tenth part of their income annually. But even with money you might do something grander and more imposing. A small sum would really do much good if the donor spent himself with it, in other words saw it through, and did not merely relinquish it to some distant society as the Colonization Society or the Society for Foreign Missions whose managers do the good or the evil with it. How much might be done for this town with a hundred dollars if there were only a man to do it. I myself have provided a select course of 25 lectures for a winter, together with room-fuel—and lights—with that sum, which was no inconsiderable benefit to every inhabitant. With a thousand dollars I could purchase for this town a more complete & select library in my opinion, than exists in the state out of Cambridge & Boston. And perhaps a more available one than any. Men sit paralyzed and helpless by the side of their buried treasures. After all those who do most good with money do it with the least, because they can do better than to acquire it.
skin, though they were dirty and ragged enough it is true,— and that he could afford to refuse the extra garments which I offered him, having so many intra ones. What the rich are said to give away is not commonly a gift, but rather so much abandoned to mankind, though it be the tenth part of their income annually. But even with money you might do something grander and more imposing. A small sum would really do much good if the donor spent himself with it, in other words, saw it through, and did not merely relinquish it to some distant society, as the Colonization Society or the Society for Foreign Missions, whose managers do the good or the evil with it.—How much, for instance, might be done for this town with a hundred dollars if there were only a man to do it. I myself have provided a select course of twenty-five lectures for a winter, together with room fuel and lights, with that sum, which was no inconsiderable benefit to every inhabitant. With a thousand dollars I could purchase for this town a more complete and select library, in my opinion, than exists in the state out of Cambridge and Boston, and perhaps a more available one than any,—Men sit paralyzed and helpless by the side of their buried treasures. After all, those who do most good with money, do it with the least, because they can do better than to acquire it.
r
Revision note: B1: skin, though they were dirty and ragged enough it is true, and how that he could afford to refuse the extra garments which I had offered him. What the rich are said to give away is not commonly a gift, but rather so much abandoned to mankind, though it be the tenth part of their income annually. But even with money you might do something grander and more imposing. A small sum would really do much good if the donor spent himself with it, in other words saw it through, and did not merely relinquish it to some distant society as the Colonization Society or the Society for Foreign Missions whose managers do the good or the evil with it. How much might be done for this town with a hundred dollars if there were only a man to do it. I myself have provided a select course of 25 lectures for a winter, together with room-fuel—and lights—with that sum, which was no inconsiderable benefit to every inhabitant. With a thousand dollars I could purchase for this town a more complete & select library in my opinion, than exists in the state out of Cambridge & Boston. And perhaps a more available one than any. Men sit paralyzed and helpless by the side of their buried treasures. After all those who do most good with money do it with the least, because they can do better than to acquire it.
skin, though they were dirty and ragged enough it is true,— and that he could afford to refuse the extra garments which I offered him, having so many intra ones. What the rich are said to give away is not commonly a gift, but rather so much abandoned to mankind, though it be the tenth part of their income annually. But even with money you might do something grander and more imposing. A small sum would really do much good if the donor spent himself with it, in other words, saw it through, and did not merely relinquish it to some distant society, as the Colonization Society or the Society for Foreign Missions, whose managers do the good or the evil with it.—How much, for instance, might be done for this town with a hundred dollars if there were only a man to do it. I myself have provided a select course of twenty-five lectures for a winter, together with room fuel and lights, with that sum, which was no inconsiderable benefit to every inhabitant. With a thousand dollars I could purchase for this town a more complete and select library, in my opinion, than exists in the state out of Cambridge and Boston, and perhaps a more available one than any,—Men sit paralyzed and helpless by the side of their buried treasures. After all, those who do most good with money, do it with the least, because they can do better than to acquire it.
r
Revision note: B1: skin, though they were dirty and ragged enough it is true, and how that he could afford to refuse the extra garments which I had offered him. What the rich are said to give away is not commonly a gift, but rather so much abandoned to mankind, though it be the tenth part of their income annually. But even with money you might do something grander and more imposing. A small sum would really do much good if the donor spent himself with it, in other words saw it through, and did not merely relinquish it to some distant society as the Colonization Society or the Society for Foreign Missions whose managers do the good or the evil with it. How much might be done for this town with a hundred dollars if there were only a man to do it. I myself have provided a select course of 25 lectures for a winter, together with room-fuel—and lights—with that sum, which was no inconsiderable benefit to every inhabitant. With a thousand dollars I could purchase for this town a more complete & select library in my opinion, than exists in the state out of Cambridge & Boston. And perhaps a more available one than any. Men sit paralyzed and helpless by the side of their buried treasures. After all those who do most good with money do it with the least, because they can do better than to acquire it.
skin, though they were dirty and ragged enough it is true,— and that he could afford to refuse the extra garments which I offered him, having so many intra ones. What the rich are said to give away is not commonly a gift, but rather so much abandoned to mankind, though it be the tenth part of their income annually. But even with money you might do something grander and more imposing. A small sum would really do much good if the donor spent himself with it, in other words, saw it through, and did not merely relinquish it to some distant society, as the Colonization Society or the Society for Foreign Missions, whose managers do the good or the evil with it.—How much, for instance, might be done for this town with a hundred dollars if there were only a man to do it. I myself have provided a select course of twenty-five lectures for a winter, together with room fuel and lights, with that sum, which was no inconsiderable benefit to every inhabitant. With a thousand dollars I could purchase for this town a more complete and select library, in my opinion, than exists in the state out of Cambridge and Boston, and perhaps a more available one than any,—Men sit paralyzed and helpless by the side of their buried treasures. After all, those who do most good with money, do it with the least, because they can do better than to acquire it.
skin of him, and was convinced that not withstanding what with rags and dirt he was more warmly clad than I. They did not touch the ice with their hands. They who peddle it in the summer use a grapple since fatal effects are found to follow the long continued habit of handling it. Of course a great deal of work which was done in advance in order to be prepared for the workmen to follow was lost, and had to be done over again. Not only fresh snow had to be cropped off the same area, but a rain or thaw succeeded by cold filled the grooves with ice and spoiled that work; or worst of all rain & snow together might cover the whole pond for the whole winter many inches deep with imperfect ice which must be planed off. However, they removed this very fast. The plane which was as wide as a cake took off 2 inches each bout & 3 horses could break up as much as 10 could carry off. They used a rope with buoys to fence and haul in the ice already cut when the wind blew it off shore. The ice is commonly cut on the leeward side of the pond, so that the wind need not blow the water over the edge into the grooves, where it would freeze and spoil much work. They put snow into the ends of the grooves next the water to keep it out. When it was necessary to scrape up much snow it sank the ice under & so impeded the work. Also the ice sank & wore out where the men stood on boards to load it, until the water stood above it, and the waves also ate it away—so that they were obliged every day or two to occupy a new place. skin, though they were dirty and ragged enough, it is true, and that he could afford to refuse the extra garments which I offered him, he had so many intra ones. skin, though they were dirty and ragged enough, it is true, and that he could afford to refuse the extra garments which I offered him, he had so many intra ones. skin, though they were dirty and ragged enough, it is true, and that he could afford to refuse the extra garments which I offered him, he had so many intra ones.
106c
Economy 106c written: G
G: It is the pious slave-breeder … officers of justice? is interlined in pencil.

(Ronald Clapper)
This ducking was the very thing he required needed. needed. Then I began to pity myself, and I saw that it would be a greater charity to bestow on me a flannel shirt than a whole slop-shop on him. There are a thousand hacking at the branches of evil to one who is striking at the root, and it may be that he who bestows the largest amount of time and money on the needy is doing the most by his mode of life to produce that misery which he strives in vain to relieve. It is the kindness of the master to his slave—What if you spend a tenth part of your income in charity; probably you should spend the nine tenths and be done with it. What does all the charity of England amount to —who with her right hand withholds the soil & freedom from the masses, and with her left builds work-houses—and does not let her left hand know what her right hand does! relieve. It is the pious slave-breeder devoting the proceeds of every tenth slave to buy a Sunday’s liberty for the rest. Some show their kindness to the poor by employing them in their kitchens. What if they were to employ themselves in their own kitchens instead? Would they not be kinder if they employed themselves there? Would they not be kinder if they employed themselves there? You boast of spending a tenth part of your income in charity; may be you should spend the nine tenths so, and done with it. The community Society recovers only a tenth part of the property then. Is this owing to the generosity of him in whose possession it is found, or to the remissness of the officers of justice?
107
Economy 107 written: E rewritten: G

(Ronald Clapper)
The virtue of philanthropy Philanthropy is almost the only virtue which is sufficiently appreciated by mankind. Nay, it Philanthropy is almost the only virtue which is sufficiently appreciated by mankind. Nay, it Philanthropy is almost the only virtue which is sufficiently appreciated by mankind. Nay, it Philanthropy is almost the only virtue which is sufficiently appreciated by mankind. Nay, it is greatly overrated; and it is our selfishness which overrates it. A robust poor man, one sunny day here in Concord, praised a fellow-townsman to me, because, as he said, he was kind to the poor; meaning himself. The kind uncles and aunts of the race are more esteemed than its true spiritual fathers and mothers. I once heard a reverend lecturer on England, a man of learning and intelligence, after enumerating her scientific, scientific, literary, and political worthies, Shakspeare, Bacon, Cromwell, Cromwell, Milton, Newton, and others, speak next of her Christian heroes, whom, as if his profession required it of him, he elevated to a place far above all the rest, as the greatest of the great. They were Penn, Howard, and Mrs. Fry. The least intelligent audience The least intelligent audience The least intelligent audience Every one Every one must feel the falsehood and cant of this. The last were not England's best men and women; only, perhaps, her best philanthropists. The last were not the best of her England’s best men and women, only perhaps the her best philanthropists. The last were not England's best men and women; only, perhaps, her best philanthropists. The last were not England's best men and women; only, perhaps, her best philanthropists. The last were not England's best men and women; only, perhaps, her best philanthropists.
108a
Economy 108a written: E rewritten: G

(Ronald Clapper)
I would not subtract one iota one iota one iota any thing any thing from the praise that is due to philanthropy, but merely demand justice for all who by their lives and works are a blessing to mankind. I do not value chiefly a man’s uprightness and benevolence, which are, as it were, his stem and leaves. Those plants of whose greenness withered we make herb tea for the sick, serve but a humble use, and are most employed by quacks. and are most employed by quacks. and are most employed by quacks. and are most employed by quacks. 108b
Economy 108b written: A rewritten: C, E, G
A: Economy 108b, which is followed by Economy 110b and 109a, appears as follows. Every class and order in the universe is the bearer of certain gifts to man. There is a whole class of musk-bearing animals—and each flower has its peculiar odor—and all these together go to make the general wholesome and invigorating atmosphere. So each man should take care to emit his fragrance, and perform some such office as hemlock boughs, and dried and healing herbs—I want the flower and fruit of a man—and that some fragrance as of fresh spring life be wafted over from him to me—This is consolation and that charity that hides a multitude of sins. He must serve another and a better use than any he can consciously render. We demand to discover at least some signs of life, some vegetation and putting forth of natural life in him. Some greenness, some flowering—some ripeness. He must be a sort of appreciable wealth to us, or at least make us sensible of our own riches—in his degree an Apollo—a Mercury—a Ceres—a Minerva—or the bearer of divine gifts to me. He must bring me the morning light untarnished, & the evening red undimmed—The hilarity of Spring in his mirth—the summer’s serenity in his joy—the autumnal ripeness in his wisdom—and the repose and abundance of winter in his silence. A man should impart his courage and not his despair—his health and ease and not his disease, and take care that this does not spread by contagion. It has been well said that our purest and loftiest joys have no memory of, or faith in, one another, and hence we need that he of our fellows who last travelled to the sources of the sun—drank at the well of life—or tasted the fountain of God—should communicate to us some of their inspiration.
C: A fair copy was made of only I want the flower and fruit of a man; that some fragrance be.
a fair copy was made of only I want the flower and fruit of a man; that some fragrance be wafted over.

(Ronald Clapper)
A man must serve another and a better a higher use than any he can consciously render serve. Though you are a reformer, we want not merely your wit and your grit, your independence and freedom, your reasons which are your good roots & foundations, or your the wit and the grit of the reformer, his independence and freedom, his reasons which are his roots, or his uprightness and benevolence, which are your his stem & leaves, but we want the flower and fruit of a man. We demand some greenness, some flowering, some ripeness perchance at least that some fragrance at least, as of fresh spring life be A man must serve another and a better a higher use than any he can consciously render serve. Though you are a reformer, we want not merely your wit and your grit, your independence and freedom, your reasons which are your good roots & foundations, or your the wit and the grit of the reformer, his independence and freedom, his reasons which are his roots, or his uprightness and benevolence, which are your his stem & leaves, but we want the flower and fruit of a man. We demand some greenness, some flowering, some ripeness perchance at least that some fragrance at least, as of fresh spring life be A man must serve another and a better a higher use than any he can consciously render serve. Though you are a reformer, we want not merely your wit and your grit, your independence and freedom, your reasons which are your good roots & foundations, or your the wit and the grit of the reformer, his independence and freedom, his reasons which are his roots, or his uprightness and benevolence, which are your his stem & leaves, but we want the flower and fruit of a man. We demand some greenness, some flowering, some ripeness perchance at least that some fragrance at least, as of fresh spring life be I want the flower and fruit of a man; that some fragrance be I want the flower and fruit of a man; that some fragrance be I want the flower and fruit of a man; that some fragrance be I want the flower and fruit of a man; that some fragrance be I want the flower and fruit of a man; that some fragrance be wafted over from him to me, and some ripeness flavor our intercourse. His goodness to me goodness to me goodness to me goodness to me goodness to me goodness goodness goodness must not be a partial and transitory act, but a constant superfluity, which costs him nothing and of which he is unconscious. This is a charity that hides a multitude of sins. This is a charity that hides a multitude of sins. This is a charity that hides a multitude of sins. The philanthropist commonly too often commonly too often commonly too often commonly too often commonly too often too often too often too often surrounds mankind with the remembrance of his own cast-off griefs as an atmosphere, and calls it sympathy. We should impart our courage, and not our despair, our health and ease, and not our disease, and take care that this does not spread by contagion. We should impart our courage, and not our despair, our health and ease, and not our disease, and take care that this does not spread by contagion. We should impart our courage, and not our despair, our health and ease, and not our disease, and take care that this does not spread by contagion. We should impart our courage, and not our despair, our health and ease, and not our disease, and take care that this does not spread by contagion. We should impart our courage, and not our despair, our health and ease, and not our disease, and take care that this does not spread by contagion. We should impart our courage, and not our despair, our health and ease, and not our disease, and take care that this does not spread by contagion. We should impart our courage, and not our despair, our health and ease, and not our disease, and take care that this does not spread by contagion. We should impart our courage, and not our despair, our health and ease, and not our disease, and take care that this does not spread by contagion. 108c
Economy 108c written: G
G: Economy 108c, 108e, and 110a were added to the manuscript on a partial leaf.

(Ronald Clapper)
From what southern plains comes up the voice of wailing? Under what latitudes reside the heathen to whom we would send light? Who is that intemperate and brutal man whom we would redeem? 108d
Economy 108d written: E

(Ronald Clapper)
If any thing ail a man, so that he does not perform his functions, if he has have have have a pain in his bowels even,—for that is the source seat seat seat of sympathy,—he forthwith sets about reforming—the world. Being a microcosm himself, he discovers, and it is a true discovery, and he is the man to make it,—that the world has been eating green apples; to his eyes, in fact, the globe itself is a great green apple, which there is danger awful to think of that the children of men will nibble before it is ripe; and straightway his drastic philanthropy seeks out the Esquimaux and the Patagonian, and embraces the populous Indian and Chinese villages; and thus, by a few years of philanthropic activity, the powers in the mean while using him for their own ends, no doubt, no doubt, no doubt, no doubt, he cures himself of his dyspepsia, the globe acquires a faint blush on one or both or both or both or both of its cheeks, as if it were beginning to be ripe, and life loses its crudity and is once more sweet and wholesome to live. 108e
Economy 108e written: G

(Ronald Clapper)
I never dreamed of any enormity so great as greater than greater than I have committed. I never knew, and never shall know, so bad a man as a worse man than a worse man than myself.
109a
Economy 109a written: A rewritten: E
A: Economy 109a, which follows Economy 110b, appears as follows: If we will think of it—there is no reformer on the globe—no such philanthropic, benevolent, & charitable man, now engaged in any good work any where, sorely afflicted by the sight of misery around him, and animated by the desire to relieve it, who would not instantly and unconsciously sign off from these pure labors, and betake himself to purer, if he had but righted some obscure and perhaps unrecognized private grievance. Let but the spring come to him, let the morning rise over his couch, and he will forsake his generous companions, without apology or explanation—or the need of any. I would say to the anxious philanthropist—Take up a little life into your pores—strike root and grow—endeavor to encourage the flow of sap in your veins—and help to clothe the human field with green.—If your branches wither strike your roots wider and deeper—send your fibres into every kingdom of nature for its contribution, and make the most of that greenness and life which the gods allot you. Send forth your boughs into the heavens for ethereal and starry influences—and make firm your trunk against the elements. Who can foretel what blossoms, what fruits, what private and public advantage may push up through this rind which we call a man.—The traveller may stand by him as a perennial fountain in the desert, and slake his thirst forever.

(Ronald Clapper)
I believe that what so saddens the reformer is not his sympathy with his fellows in distress, but, though he be the holiest son of God, it is it is it is it is it is is is is his private ail. Let this be righted, let the spring come to him, let the the the the the the the the morning rise over his couch, and he will forsake his generous companions without apology. 109b
Economy 109b written: E

(Ronald Clapper)
My excuse for not lecturing against the use of tobacco is, that I never chewed it; that is a penalty which reformed reformed reformed reformed tobacco-chewers have to pay; though there are things enough which enough enough enough I have chewed, which I could lecture against. If you should ever be betrayed into any of these philanthropic actions philanthropies—literally, philanthropies, philanthropies, philanthropies, do not let your left hand know what your right hand does, for it is not worth knowing. for it is not worth knowing. for it is not worth knowing. for it is not worth knowing. keep dark about it—that was excellent advice—for comparatively comparatively, I say, it is a deed of darkness and will not constitute you a child of light. Rescue the drowning and tie your shoe-strings. Take your time, and set about some free labor. Rescue the drowning and tie your shoe-strings. Take your time, and set about some free labor. Rescue the drowning and tie your shoe-strings. Take your time, and set about some free labor.
110a
Economy 110a written: G

(Ronald Clapper)
Our manners have been corrupted by communication with the saints. Our hymn-books resound with a melodious cursing of God and enduring him forever. One would say that even the prophets and redeemers had rather consoled the fears than confirmed the hopes of man. There is nowhere recorded a simple and irrepressible satisfaction with the gift of life, any memorable praise of God. 110b
Economy 110b written: A rewritten: E
A: Economy 110b follows Economy 108b and precedes Economy 109a.
E: If, then, we would indeed restore mankind … and well as Nature herself, which was omitted in the original copying, was interlined in pencil.

(Ronald Clapper)
All health and success does me good, however far off and withdrawn it may appear; all disease and failure helps to make me sad and does me evil, however much sympathy it may have with me or I with it. All health and success does me good, however far off and withdrawn it may appear; all disease and failure helps to make me sad and does me evil, however much sympathy it may have with me or I with it. All health and success does me good, however far off and withdrawn it may appear; all disease and failure helps to make me sad and does me evil, however much sympathy it may have with me or I with it. All health and success does me good, however far off and withdrawn it may appear; all disease and failure helps to make me sad and does me evil, however much sympathy it may have with me or I with it. All health and success does me good, however far off and withdrawn it may appear; all disease and failure helps to make me sad and does me evil, however much sympathy it may have with me or I with it. All health and success does me good, however far off and withdrawn it may appear; all disease and failure helps to make me sad and does me evil, however much sympathy it may have with me or I with it. All health and success does me good, however far off and withdrawn it may appear; all disease and failure helps to make me sad and does me evil, however much sympathy it may have with me or I with it. If, then, then, then, then, then, then, then, we would indeed reform restore restore restore restore restore restore restore mankind by truly Indian, botanic, magnetic, or natural means, let us strive first to be first be first be first be first be first be first be first be as simple and well as Nature ourselves. Let us ourselves. Let us ourselves. Let us ourselves. Let us ourselves. Let us ourselves, ourselves, ourselves, It is rare that we are able to impart wealth to our fellows, and do not surround them with our own castoff griefs as an atmosphere, and name it sympathy. dispel the clouds which hang over our own brows, and take up a little life into our pores. Do not stay to be an overseer of the poor, but endeavor to become one of the worthies of the world. dispel the clouds which hang over our own brows, and take up a little life into our pores. Do not stay to be an overseer of the poor, but endeavor to become one of the worthies of the world. dispel the clouds which hang over our own brows, and take up a little life into our pores. Do not stay to be an overseer of the poor, but endeavor to become one of the worthies of the world. dispel the clouds which hang over our own brows, and take up a little life into our pores. Do not stay to be an overseer of the poor, but endeavor to become one of the worthies of the world. dispel the clouds which hang over our own brows, and take up a little life into our pores. Do not stay to be an overseer of the poor, but endeavor to become one of the worthies of the world. dispel the clouds which hang over our own brows, and take up a little life into our pores. Do not stay to be an overseer of the poor, but endeavor to become one of the worthies of the world. dispel the clouds which hang over our own brows, and take up a little life into our pores. Do not stay to be an overseer of the poor, but endeavor to become one of the worthies of the world.
111
Economy 111 written: A

(Ronald Clapper)
For my own part I would fain be azad or free like the green cypress tree—I I I I I I I I read in the Gulistan, or Flower Garden, of Sheik Sadi of Shiraz, that “They asked a wise man, saying: Of the many celebrated trees which the Most High God has created lofty and umbrageous, they call none azad, or free, excepting the cypress, which bears no fruit; what mystery is there in this? He replied; Each has its appropriate produce, and appointed season, during the continuance of which it is fresh and blooming, and during their absence dry and withered; to neither of which states is the cypress exposed, being always flourishing; and of this nature are the azads, or religious independents.—Fix not thy heart on that which is transitory; for the Dijlah, or Tigris, will continue to flow through Bagdad after the race of caliphs is extinct: if thy hand has plenty, be liberal as the date tree; but if it affords nothing to give away, be an azad, or free man, like the cypress.”
COMPLEMENTAL VERSES.
n
Note: Added on a leaf that does not belong to any of the seven major groups. (R. Clapper)
The Pretensions of Poverty. n
Note: In Carew’s Coelum Britannicum Mercury makes this reply to the (R. Clapper)
 
“Thou dost presume too much, poor needy wretch,
 
To claim a station in the firmament,
 
Because thy humble cottage, or thy tub,
 
Nurses some lazy or pedantic virtue
 
In the cheap sunshine or by shady springs,
 
With roots and pot-herbs; where thy right hand,
 
Tearing those humane passions from the mind,
 
Upon whose stocks fair blooming virtues flourish,
 
Degradeth nature, and benumbeth sense,
 
And, Gorgon-like, turns active men to stone.
 
We not require the dull society
 
Of your necessitated temperance,
 
Or that unnatural stupidity
 
That knows nor joy nor sorrow; nor your forc’d
 
Falsely exalted passive fortitude
 
Above the active. This low abject brood,
 
That fix their seats in mediocrity,
 
Become your servile minds; but we advance
 
Such virtues only as admit excess,
 
Brave, bounteous acts, regal magnificence,
 
All-seeing prudence, magnanimity
 
That knows no bound, and that heroic virtue
 
For which antiquity hath left no name,
 
But patterns only, such as Hercules,
 
Achilles, Theseus. Back to thy loath’d cell;
 
And when thou seest the new enlightened sphere,
 
Study to know but what those worthies were.”
T. CAREW

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